Poland and the Renewal of the Roman Empire in the year 1000

[@sudokuzcalkami]

its so refreshing to hear Polish names being pronounced properly by an English speaker, thank you! Great video

[@wlodekgoldsztajn662]

same, his pronounciation is really good

[@Halo_Legend]

An only time in history an English speaker cared enough to make a 5 minute research about pronunciation.

[@agjakku]

I paused the video to make this exact comment, I'm glad other Poles also praised this. When I heard the first flawless "Bolesław" I had to do a double take and make sure he wasn't Polish; that's kind of silly since English has all these phonemes, but very rarely have I seen English speakers put an effort into pronouncing Polish words correctly.

[@Pan_Z]

His Greek, on the other hand...

[@thomasking49]

I could listen to this man talk for hours. Also the talking head style with really clean graphics is really refreshing. My new favorite youtube channel.

[@davidemiozzi8589]

there's something hypnotic about his tone, and the content is top notch

[@johngrebenor2363]

Some of my friends call me crazy for loving to listen to "dry" history content, but I honestly love just hearing this semi-monotonous (by some standards) delivery of info by a professional. It's soothing yet deeply interesting and is sometimes what I want as opposed to some overly-theatrical narrator!

[@mo0se3]

ever since the time traveler vid, this guy is a "drop everything and watch" for me

[@geebdohboy5251]

@@johngrebenor2363yes, straight forward and easy to digest with out without looking at the screen

[@Rando_Shyte]

Pee and poo

[@FootballManagerPl]

I'm Polish, and I'm positively surprised by this video. It never really crossed my head that this event is mostly mentioned in Polish historiography. I remember learning about it in school and possible explanations provided there, were that Otto had great plans for Europe which would involve Poland, but his death put a stop to it. And tbh elementary/middle school is probably the last time when I heard or read about this event. This video trying to get into the minds of people over 1000 years ago is a really nice, quick lesson and reminder of it.

[@littlethings7522]

Wykład, który wiele wyjaśnia - hołd lenny, niemiecki sen o imperium i Unia Europejska (warto wysłuchać całości) - Kanał: Pro vita bona | Magdalena Ziętek-Wielomska: Od I Rzeszy do UE. Jak Niemcy od 1000 lat rządzą Europą

[@piotrmalewski8178]

Otton gave Bolesław the throne of Charlemagne...

[@RobiTobi-u3u]

@@littlethings7522aż mi się nie chce komentować . Powiem tylko że to nie miejsce na leczenie kompleksów .

[@littlethings7522]

@@RobiTobi-u3u Jakich kompleksów? Zakładam, że wykładu nie wysłuchałeś i nie wiesz o czym mówisz.

[@anna345x]

Please use correct grammar. I am Pole not Polish

[@patryknowicki4536]

No way my favorite history youtuber dropped a video about my favorite country relating to my favorite empire during my favorite era

[@OotsutsukiShibai]

Eastern Roman Empire > Holy Roman Empire

[@patryknowicki4536]

@@OotsutsukiShibai anime profile pic = opinion rejected. Cringe orthocoal

[@OotsutsukiShibai]

@@patryknowicki4536 Mówi to gościu z jakimś orzełkiem na profilowym XD

[@patryknowicki4536]

@@OotsutsukiShibai cope

[@alexlover1619]

@@OotsutsukiShibai The Roman Empire > those poor doppelgängers

[@spookymethod]

Always a pleasure to see you upload. You bring a very authentic perspective to the history side of KZbin. :^)

[@brumm3653]

The way this event is taught in Polish schools is that it was a sort of symbolic coronation, that Otto considered Bolesław to be worthy of being a king, but not a real coronation. That officially happened 25 years later, shortly before Bolesław's death.

[@piotrmalewski8178]

What's interesting it's hardly mentioned that Otto gave Bolesław the throne of Charlemagne...

[@8Hshan]

@@piotrmalewski8178 What. The. F... O.O To me that's far more shocking than that "coronation" gesture. Damn, that shows how serious Otto was about his plans for Bolesław in his new empire...

[@uwu_smeg]

maybe giving a carte blanche of sorts to Boleslaw like: "hey, I'd be cool with you being king, we can be buddies and shit"

[@josega6338]

@@uwu_smeg Bougrelao, from 'Ubu, roi', Alfred Jarry, is a funny character. btw: 'Bougre' is not 'bugger' in the gay line, but 'guy', in Spanish: 'tiparraco'

[@josega6338]

@@brumm3653 Awfully Sorry, Western Roman Empire dissapeared when Alaric conquered Rome. All Power in Roman institutions went to the hands of Alaric and his offspring. As Italy ceased having an state until Garibaldi and his freemason 'risorgimento', which had no continuity with spqr, a descendent of Alaric has the power to revert all decisions by Rome, he could annulate the designation of Jesus as King of the jews (I.N.R.I.) Pilato did, ambassador's decisions have same value as the head of state the ambassador represents, or eliminate, close, and leave without any content or power the Law and Religious position 'pontifex maximus'. These have been done. G, G, G

[@Artur_M.]

Looks like I just found another great channel to subscribe to. An excellent video! I'm really looking forward to the other two in this project. Fun fact: in 986 Mieszko I gave the young Emperor Otto III a surprising gift: a live camel (probably a Baktrian one). It's funny how among the precious few facts we know about this period, there are such fascinating, random details. Although, we can potentially conclude something useful from them, for example, about the trade contacts.

[@kamelia633]

This is not a random details at all. At that time, people believed that the Christian emperor commanded not only people, but all living creatures, so animals were given to the emperor. Unusual and rare animals that aren't found in Europe were especially valued as good gifts. Over time, rich cities began to imitate this custom and because of this, zoos as we know them today appeared. The fact that Mieszko gave Otto a camel speaks of either good relations between the Piasts and Ottonians, or a desire for good relations.

[@milkymarco7]

POLAND MENTIONED!!!!

[@Spugler2]

🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱

[@oiuqreofnqoiruegnqerg]

polska mistrzem polski!!

[@MietoK]

torille?

[@rdtfycugvibu1631]

POLISH MOUNTAIN

[@CarterMuller]

2137

[@asocci100]

It's amazing how much prestige and admiration the Roman Empire still held throughout history that even 600 years after the Western portion fell, European kings still tried to revive it or claim some hereditary link to its glorious past. The Franks, the Holy Roman Empire under Charlemagne, the Ottomans, the Russ, and the Poles.

[@SaladDongs]

And the Romanians! Hell, even the Roman Empire tried to reclaim the Roman empire

[@pukpuk7642]

Because after the fall of Rome, the church preserved the legacy of antiquity and was an element of civilizing the barbarians who eventually became culturally Romans. In the Middle Ages, it was the church that civilized the barbarians. Then the USA was founded by Europeans who, taking inspiration from Rome, wanted to break the monopoly of the feudal lords. Then the Enlightenment era broke the monopoly of the church etc . Ultimately, the barbarians in the times of Rome preserved its legacy and eventually became culturally Romans and their entire civilization

[@pukpuk7642]

Many do not understand the processes of the entire West and in reality the entire Western civilization is precisely a continuous of the civilization that was created in Greece, then due to cultural strength it was taken over by Rome after conquering Greece, then the barbarians did the same, who destroyed Rome, etc. because the church preserved this heritage and then the US uprising did it, which broke the feudal monopoly of absolute rulers in Europe etc .

[@pukpuk7642]

Generally culturally such USA is not really a young country because it was created from the cultural heritage of Europe, which has been continuous since ancient Greece. Such USA was built by Europeans with obvious references to Rome

[@odenoki9571]

​@@pukpuk7642 Couldn't you argue that feudal monopolies still exist in Europe? I could be wrong, but it's my understanding that the descendants of feudal lords still hold huge swathes of land across Europe. These historic aristocratic families remain among the largest landowners on the continent. It's interesting that we still use the term 'landlords,' which has its roots in the feudal system. I recognize that this observation might apply more to some European countries than others, but the continuation of this land ownership pattern supports the argument that feudal monopolies persist in some form. While there have been significant changes in land distribution and economic structures, the enduring presence of these aristocratic landowners suggests that elements of the feudal legacy still influence modern Europe I suppose I'm being a bit pedantic though

[@gunsoup9530]

I love this channel, I love the way you explain things it’s like we’re having a conversation but you’re doing all the talking for me in the best way

[@Dawid.O]

Im Polish, I got my degree in history on Warsaw Uni and most historians here think that Otto;s plan was to make Bolesław his eastern ally in order to secure border and perhaps form some kind of long term cooperation. Idea of Roman Empire reborn, but with Slavs in it. Eastern lords in Germany, who wanted to expand to the east, did not aprove of this.

[@funkle2645]

Citing your sources mid video like that is such a breath of fresh air

[@punipunistuff]

I need 4 times more the amount of videos, thank you.😁

[@WolfPackDiggyDog24]

I really appreciate that you go out of your way to describe how a historian thinks and what kind of approaches, considerations, and even frustrations an academic might deal with. It humanizes what I think a lot of people see as a sort of intellectual black box that pushes them away, an "oh that's not for me, I wasn't born with the knack" approach you see with all sorts of things from arts to math and science, when in reality a thirst for understand what really happened and how things are the way they are is as human as you can get. I love history and tell my friends and family the _what_ of it all the time, but I'm not nearly as competent at explaining _how_ history is, which to me is all about the historian's approach I always look forward to your videos to the point where I'll save them for special occasions when I can really pay attention. Keep up the great work!

[@confutatismaledictis7599]

Please make more videos, man. I love the chill vibe + solid scholarship. It’s a great combo.

[@ludwikahawryszuk6637]

Cześć! It was really nice to hear about my country's history today. Dziękuję ślicznie!

[@theenglishman]

Mike Duncan really wasn’t kidding when he said that Poland always factors in somehow in times like these.

[@EvoDeVeau]

Can you elaborate? As a Pole I'm curious where can I read/listen more of what you've said

[@deepbluejeer]

​@@EvoDeVeau Check out Mike Duncan's Revolutions podcast. While Poland isn't one of the main countries discussed, he touches on the way Poland affected the French, 1848, and Russian revolutions

[@dinodonut5776]

@@deepbluejeerIt also comes up in the American, and Haitian revolutions as well

[@michalswag]

its kinda funny how this event is always mentioned in polish education but its always in passing. so a lot of people know that "in the year one thousand a german king came to gniezno" but not much besides that. i guess its just an easy date to remember so it always sticks with you. pozdrowienia z lublina! edit: also shoutouts on the pronunciation, no one wouldve been mad if you messed up but i appreciate the extra care.

[@metanoian965]

The Frankfurt Schul don't like that story

[@michalswag]

huh?

[@metanoian965]

@@michalswag uhu !

[@karolol127]

Why? Can you explain it a bit? To be honest, Otto's idea was revolutionary at the time, he seems to be a very open-minded person. Being an emperor, he didn't want to be a kind of dictator, instead he tried to base politics at the highest level more on liberal principles.

[@ipodman1910]

He probably read Plutarchs Alexander story…

[@magimon91834]

Central European history in general is stuck behind a linguistic barrier to an extent that fascinates me. We don't have this history with most of French or Italian history. I love the HRE but so much of it isn't available in English

[@SMiki55]

So there's this one Polish historical writer, Teodor Parnicki (you can look him up - he has an article on the English Wikipedia). In 1944 he wrote a novel titled "Srebrne orły" ("Silver Eagles") that focused on Emperor Otto III and Pope Sylvester II. It's an underrated gem from the writing craft perspective (Parnicki was a master of dialogue) but there's one quite shocking plot detail that stands out: at Gniezno, Otto makes Bolesław the Patricius Romanorum. Bolesław is meant to be the Empire's arm in the east and potentially an emperor himself in case something happens to Otto. What's mind-boggling is that when you research the actual sources, Parnicki's bold hypothesis appears… kinda credible? Bolesław's son Mieszko II was taught speaking and writing Latin, Greek, and German, he was engaged to and later married Otto's niece Richeza - could he be groomed not to become a king, but an emperor? Of course, that's just a hypothesis, one that's less credible because it is formulated within a novel, not a historical work - even if said novel was based upon the author's enormous research in libraries of Teheran and Jerusalem.

[@premodernist_history]

Sounds cool. I wish I could read Polish. I'd probably enjoy his books.

[@alexbernat525]

That's so fascinating. In the most out there interpretation, it makes you wonder if there was a kind of plot to restore a unified Roman empire between these rulers. If things went perfectly for Otto, you could've had a Holy Roman emperor married to a Byzantine empress in partnership with Poland. It sounds like the type of stuff an ambitious young emperor would dream up. I'd love to peer into a timeline where Otto didn't die so young, maybe nothing would've come of it, but then maybe, just maybe... Crazy the things that sudden death can tear apart indiscriminately 🥲

[@slawomirkulinski]

It makes sense. Piasts were ruling their state in a very German and Roman Empire way.

[@bonus88888]

​@@slawomirkulinskiWhat do you mean, that is interesting

[@karolol127]

​@@premodernist_history I think if you get an digital verion of it, you can translate it with some top quality AI translators like deepl and if not understand each single word perfectly then you'll get the context in details at least.

[@elliekate.a]

It pleases me so much that you’re making these videos!

[@adstz7979]

This is one of the really important medieval events in Polish foreign policy. Our history teacher explained to us the outlines of the political environment at the time in connection with the "Gniezno summit". She pointed out that due to the imperfect nature of the sources, interpretation is difficult, but everything indicates that Otto III had the idea of expanding the empire eastward basing the whole thing on a common denominator, something everyone shared - the Christian faith. She added that what he wanted to do, in a sense, is perhaps being realized today, after more than 1,000 years in the form of the European Union. It is true that no longer on the basis of faith per se...but on the basis of civilizational foundations imbued with Christianity? Sure, it kinda sticks. Unfortunately, the chances for something great vanished into thin air after Otto's death, and Poland was doomed, it seems, to endure German shenanigans for centuries with a spectacular finale in the form of the release of the "Drang nach Osten" album with such well-known hits as "Little oopsie (1939-1945)"

[@DavidGBlair]

The EU is imbued with Christian principles? I would say the opposite is more true.

[@misterborak751]

Haha. Great and unexpected last sentence.

[@thenextguy32]

They say youtube videos are for either tutorials, entertainment, or comfort. Well, this guys my comfort historian

[@evinton]

im a history student that's on the verge of dropping out. your videos remind me why i love history and why i went ahead with it in the first place. thank you.

[@citricdemon]

I used to work hvac with a guy who had a history degree.

[@EndOfSmallSanctuary97]

My sympathies for when you try to enter the job market, however

[@hailtodachimp2950]

Great content, this is fast becoming my favourite channel.

[@knightoflain]

Absolute props for your pronounciacion of polish names

[@saltA-saurus]

Wow, to hear this is a collaboration with History With Hilbert and Mr. Laser History! A grant is amazing to hear as well.

[@blueblack3591]

We love your channel

[@citricdemon]

i remember hearing this story when I was a child. it always smacked of fantastic legend to me - in fact, it was always told alongside other legends, like Boleslaw under the mountain, the dragon of krakow, and the queen who threw herself into the river rather than marry a german.

[@metanoian965]

Allegory. Polish Freedom and Independence. Like them Hussar fairies on horseback. It's about Poland the Stronk !

[@crownic]

Great video thanks for a new upload ❤

[@allentlee1]

So cool. Ignites my interest in history all over again. Premodernist is a stud!

[@Vual29]

Terrific video. Thank you so much for making this!

[@slawomirkulinski]

Here is one interpretation. Otto III was looking for ways to rebuild the Empire. However empire requires an Emperor who is obeyed. The problem was that many tribes in the north, including Norse, Germanic, Baltic and Slavic tribes were not so bend on authoritarian rule in the late Roman Empire fashion. In these cultures leaders were very often selected to do specific job - lead the tribe, or a stronghold, without a right for succession for their offspring. Their power was bestowed by the people. In Slavic tribes the gathering which was selecting a leader was called "wiec", it was an conducted to elect the leader, perform justice duties and other matters of the community. Now Piast dynasty was an oddity in this northern eastern European region. They were very authoritarian. The way Piasts created the their domain was a constant conquest of independent Slavic towns and strongholds. Fallen strongholds were usually razed to the ground. If captured people were resisting they were slain on the spot. If they not resist, there were two things that would happen. If they agree for resettlement to other stronghold under Piast rule they will keep their life and only loose all their possessions and status. If they don't agree, they will be sold into slavery (Hence the English word slave = Slavic). With this, Piasts would build a new stronghold nearby the old one and settle there their supporters. This process was to uproot Slavic people from their towns and settlements. Piasts were creating very effective state in terms of adopting and developing technology and military prowess. This state was ruled in a very authoritarian way which didn't suit most of Slavs. Piasts introduced Christianity to Slavs because it was a vehicle for authoritarian rule. In Christianity disobeying the monarch was a mortal sin as the ruler was anointed by the God, not by the people. It was effectively a blasphemy. As I've said this didn't suit the Slavic mindset and Piasts were facing uprisings. Good example of Slavs in the region which didn't like the idea of authoritarian were Velets. Why we don't know much about them? It's because they've decided to side with the German Roman Empire and keep partial independence. In the end they were divided and assimilated. They've resided in the region north of Berlin (on a very interesting and undiscovered lands - see Battle of Tollensesee). Back to Otto III. He has seen in Bolesław the ruler that can govern the state the way Roman Emperors did by creating the system where his will is passed down without question. What happen afterwards. Main Piast dynasty died out by the end of XIV century. The lower branches in Silesia turned away from Poland and pivoted towards Bohemia and German Roman Empire proving my point. Poland had to put someone on the throne so the nobles (which were Polish Slavs) crowned Hungarian Princess (as King, not the Queen) and married her to Lithuanian Duke. So we can see a return to Slavic idea to have powers elected. Since then every Jagiellon Duke had to gather support of the Polish nobles to be crowned the King of Poland. Each "election campaign" like that was yielding new rights and privileges for Polish nobles creating the foundation of Polish Noble Democracy - private ownership, right to court justice, elections of kings, parliament.

[@ipodman1910]

Please investigate that Slavs has nothing to do with English ‘slaves’.

[@littlethings7522]

Wykład, który wiele wyjaśnia - hołd lenny, niemiecki sen o imperium i Unia Europejska (warto wysłuchać całości) - Kanał: Pro vita bona | Magdalena Ziętek-Wielomska: Od I Rzeszy do UE. Jak Niemcy od 1000 lat rządzą Europą

[@Ahcp3005]

Thanks for the awesome video as always!

[@henkow07]

As someone who lives in Gniezno it was surreal to see a picture of that museum in a KZbin video.

[@Hadar1991]

18:00 As a Pole, who is not a historian, I always interpreted this image of Sclavina, Germania, Galia and Roma approaching Otto III, that Otto III idea was to make from HRE union autonomous kingdoms (more less divided among the ethnic lines), that each of those kingdoms could have own customs, traditions, language etc. with the emperor being above those divisions and focused on what unites all those kingdoms, that is Christianity. That would match Otto III religiosity, but also would be extremely progressive. And I think that Polish historiography somewhat agrees with my interpretation, because usually history textbooks alongside Congress of Gniezno discuss the idea of "Universal Empire" where Emperor was meant to be emperor of all Christian states. Basically an European Union focused on Christianity/Catholicism and with Emperor at the top.

[@Matthew_080]

A very interesing video! Thank you for showing us this topic :D

[@Engehaugen82]

Great work. loved your authenticism.

[@renerpho]

You mentioning Theophanu reminded me about CGP Grey's "Someone Dead Ruined My Life… Again.", which is a nice video about how to get lost in primary sources. If you haven't seen it yet, I highly recommend it.

[@wuggi8603]

Thanks for the video!

[@senoraxolotl4597]

Yes, more Premodernist! Your medieval time travel video was simply impeccable, as is all your other work.

[@Audrey_1110]

Yay! A new upload from my favorite history KZbinr

[@sebastiandimase6830]

i wish you posted more i love this channel so much your approach to history is so engaging to me. you look at these subjects from a great angle and ur super well read and researched on the subjects you talk about its just fuckin sweet 10/10 channel 4 sure

[@LV426-Acheron]

Im always so glad, and excited at every new upload!

[@bw2903]

Been waiting for the new Premodernist video to drop. Appreciate your work!

[@OceanicBacon]

It’s a good day when Premodernist posts a video

[@AreYouCerealious]

Dude i need you to post another video asap i fall asleep to your content (positive) and need more ❤️❤️❤️

[@HtotheMK1]

An upload?! What a treat 🎉

[@YouB3anz]

you’re speaking style is unmatched my man

[@Visitor______________________v]

I've been subscribed and watched every video since the time travel one. My go-to channel for the morning with a cup of coffee

[@krzysztof-michalak]

You are the first person who has made history interesting for me

[@Amleto.]

None of those bullshit history KZbin channels that create great animations and put a robotic voice in the background reading the Wikipedia page of an event will ever be as informative as a true historian who simply presses play and starts talking about history.

[@danielacordero3376]

PREACH

[@kotobaza2099]

Bullshit KZbin is the real cancer. Especially in such matters

[@SarimFaruque]

by "animation" it's ai generated art

[@seebasschipman293]

He definitely doesn’t “just press play and talk history” there’s a lot more to these productions

[@alextravers4127]

Llololloooopollllo p o 2:50 bucks London on 3:09 😊llool😅olo😅😅l😅 to lol and oh lloo😅oo😊 Lloyd on lllolol😅 ol'ppoop Lloyds oooopoolpl 😅

[@pawelperzynski4436]

I love that part of Polish and Central Europe history. Do more videos!

[@4232emmie]

I get excited everytime I see you uploaded. Keep up the great work!

[@Damian-ll4um]

Such a fascinating topic!

[@katherineedman4857]

Thank you for posting again :)

[@nightcall708]

great video as always

[@marijntaal1531]

Please, please do more on the Holy Roman Empire. I really love it.

[@trying-to-learn]

I get so excited whenever you upload

[@IchibanBaka]

literally the only channel on youtube i clicked the notification bell for. Every video is a treat.

[@MrAlexo01]

It's weird that I have researched a topic in Uni only to see a YT video about it, it feels really surreal.

[@tamasburik9971]

Anything more you can tell us of your research?

[@MrAlexo01]

@@tamasburik9971 it's nothing important, I just researched the Ottonians and the christianisation of eastern and northern Europe for a presentation I had to hold for a beginner's course. I was really interested in the Ottonians specifically, so I read a book about them. Otto III. and Boleslaw I. of Poland, the idea of renovatio imperii romanorum and their friendship were mentioned there.

[@ColonelAsshat]

just want to express my appreciation for the fact that you've collaborated with other youtube channels and mentioned them explicitly. you are my favorite history youtuber and it's really, REALLY hard to find other channels i like as much as yours, so it's great to get your recommendations! thank you!

[@2Cerealbox]

It doesn't matter what you're talking about, its always something new to me and fascinating.

[@bernardkealey6449]

Otto III’s manifesto “ fac Romam iterum magna”; looked great on a red cap Great to see a new vid from you

[@Reladan187]

Oh yes a new video. Love your stuff! Your passionate and well articulated narrating is such a pleasure to listen to. I'm not much of a reader since I have adhd. School was always hard but history was always my favourite subject. Now with youtube I've learned so much about science, space, archeology, history etc. Because of interesting channels like this. It's nothing fancy. It's simply modest and interesting. So thank you and never stop!

[@Reladan187]

Education never stops. It's hard when you're a kid. I always thought I was just dumb. I'm not. I just learn very differently and this is the best way for me

[@mrvincefox]

Eagerly waited for a new episode. Thank you

[@random-numbers]

Very interesting video, thank you

[@mejzzwejz713]

I want to hear everything about everything you've mentioned, I keep buying books that I never read because my focus is broken or something but listening to these videos is AMAZING and I wish they'd go on forever

[@ryangatton4094]

Needed a premodernist video today 💯

[@user-uh1wb4bt4e]

Poland mentioned by my favorite man on youtube!! 🦅🇵🇱🥟 greetings from Poland, i absolutely love your work! I thought you would mention the gift from Otto III for Bolesław - the replica of the lance of St. Maurice. Receiving something like this from an emperor must have been incredible...

[@konstantinosbaras3629]

give us more Byzantine stuff!!! You are by far the most analytical and concise researcher on the youtube world! More Byzantine == more fun!

[@gangsta_meg]

Greetings from Poland 🎉 love your videos

[@bloodywanker781]

I've seen an interesting hypothesis on the event of crowning Bolesław with the imperial diadem. According to it, Otto wanted to re-create the system of tetrarchy with himself as the Augustus and Bolesław as the Caesar.

[@CatSounds-u9f]

Boleslaw crowned himself king again because he was dying and needed to legitimise the passing of the crown to his child. This is because Otto crowned Boleslaw King, not his child, so to prevent a succession struggle he had to do it. It's explained by the fact that he crowned himself king in 1025, died within a few weeks and the crown passed to his son.

[@BkennyP]

The highest of quality 👌

[@magdalenaszulc8997]

Listening to this was so pleasant

[@rogergalindo7318]

this sort of videos is why youtube is worth it!

[@falatpw]

Fantastic video!!!

[@AironSmieciowy-di3qy]

Great video!

[@gamuhnerdu4759]

I admire how humble you are about these history issues when you don't have direct access to the primary sources because you don't speak the language

[@Synochra]

omg new upload yass thank you Premodernist !!!

[@KateG-s8c]

Thank you that was so balanced and fascinating

[@pawezarnotal1382]

The difference between Polish and western historiography is understanding of the context...or lack thereof. E.g, Bolesław coronated himself in 1025 to anchor and perpetuate the kingship for his son, Mieszko 2, who was coronated - irony - also in 1025

[@brumm3653]

Your pronunciation of Polish names is surprisingly good!

[@RexOlafusVidulusMagnus]

Finally! Such an under-propagated moment in history! (Note: not propaganda in it's modern context, but in the original, which is simply spreading of knowledge) As a Polish history college student, I sincerely thank you for spreading awareness of the Gnieznian Congress in the Anglo-lingual world. Edit. I would like to propose two other interpretations prominent in Poland, aside from the crowning as King theory: 1) He was crowning Bolesław as Heir to the Empire - I'm personally sceptic towards this, because Bolesław Chrobry/Wielki was some 16 years Otto's senior, being born in 967 AD. 2) He planned to make Bolesław ruler of Sclavinia aka. Słowiańszczyzna (Slavic lands/world) as part of his federal Roman Empire, which would include aside from Sclavinia (Poland, Bohemia and the Rus) also Germania, Galia or Francia and Italia. As you said, we don't know what Otto's presumably grand plans were, as he hadn't had them written down, but based on the sources we have and the inclusion of these provinces in iconography, I would say I find this idea more probably, and even highly probable. That idea would also indicate a very high intellect of Otto III in my opinion. He wasn't just a feudal lord wanting prestige and tribute, but a political visionary, quite frankly, perhaps to an unparalleled level in his time.

[@SearTheo]

i believe you’re smart because you’re talking in front of a cluttered library.. genuinely love these videos

[@corro202]

Great video.

[@user-ys6ro4wi3f]

ANOTHER BANGER DROPPED 🗣️🗣️🗣️🗣️

[@Woet]

Yeees my fav YT channel uploads, thanks mr :)

[@Adelinold]

Wooohooo POLAND MENTIONED!!!

[@Unclear4]

GOAT youtube channel

[@rEdQUINOX]

Hilbert collab?? Damn that's a crossover I didn't expect

[@fillywilly647]

fantastic video yet again

[@RegularCody]

Any video featuring the HRE is a good watch for me

[@melcombrowne5208]

Should do a series on just how the HRE functioned over time, because if anyone can give a clear answer it’ll be you

[@CrossbowManD]

Hell yeah, I had just finished your last video. What a coincidence

[@danielacordero3376]

YESSSSSSSSS MADE MY DAY

[@nicholasricardo8443]

I love the Ottonians, because they prove that for a time, there really was a western Roman empire centralized in Germany

[@DonetskiLetsplayshik]

I definitely view the pre-interregnum HRE and post-interregnum HRE as two different entities historically, especially after habsburgs started coronating themselves

[@rafaelmakaveli4795]

hahahahhahahahaha

[@berndlauert8179]

habsburg rome was still a roman empire centralised in germany

[@nicholasricardo8443]

@@berndlauert8179 the ottonians and the emperors before the great interregnum had a much more centralized empire than the post interregnum hre

[@berndlauert8179]

@@nicholasricardo8443 and who says that it was supposed to be centralised like under the ottonians forever? if it were not for metternich the empire would prevail to this day

[@sppoonlord897]

love ur vids and can’t wait for the next patreon vid !!

[@llluminum]

Thank you for posting your illuminating report on this period of history. Very concise and to the point with your own reservations delineated. On the topic of heirs to the split Roman throne - I know Russian lords like Ivan the terrible had established themselves as heir apparents citing their descent from the last byzantine emperor. (Probably why the Romanovs were later considered as the best candidate) But I also know in the mid-17 century Poland laid claim to Moscow and now I know why - they were citing this event in their history.