The Saturn V's Direction Problem

[@primalspace]

Did you guys know about the bunker below the pad? - shoutout to World of Tanks for making this video possible! Check it out here: tanks.ly/3Dfl3Id and use code TANKMANIA to get for free: 7 Days Premium Account, 250k credits, Premium Tank Excelsior (Tier 5), 3 rental tanks for 10 battles each: Tiger 131 (Tier 6), Cromwell B (Tier 6), and T34-85M (Tier 6)

[@antondavydov8139]

What is the reason the Starship doesn't have a launch escape system?

[@10thmountainsoldier90]

Love your videos and your narration voice!

[@Roofluffer]

im sorry what... another ad? in the comments... wow really pushing a game ill never play thanks to the incessant ads

[@carkawalakhatulistiwa]

Is just mecanical computers

[@dougsmyth8582]

I'm curious now if modern day GPS does away with all of this for current rockets, or are gyros still required for the launch phase. I have a feeling gyro's are still required in space to keep tabs of orientation.

[@KriegZombie]

I was told that the missile always knows where it is because it knows where it isn't.

[@The-Real-Laepi]

By subtracting where it is from where it isn’t or where it isn’t from where it is, whichever is greater, the guidance computer acquires a difference or deviation.

[@Xavier1...]

I came here just to comment on this. I guess i was beaten to it

[@HarshitSingh-mm4ks]

​@@Xavier1... r/beatmetoit

[@degenetron7590]

Saturn v is a glorified missile

[@yos3234]

Fr

[@timbotron4000]

It's absolutely incredible that the Saturn V went from paper design to flight in just six years. Such small but crucial details like this are mind-blowing

[@Nghilifa]

And to add to that, they launched 5 of them within the span of a year from Dec 1968 to Nov 1969 (Apollo 8,9,10,11,12). Just imagine the VAB with 3 Saturn V's stacked at the same time (It could hold 3 at any given time, so Apollo 8,9 & 10 must have been stacked to various degrees of completion at the same time)! We're not going to see that kind of operational tempo again in our lifetimes.

[@tvre0]

I think the VAB can and could hold four. It’s just that we never needed that launch cadence. Fun fact: if we did, they could have expanded the building since it was built to be expanded. That’s why the crawlerways loop so far around the building

[@primalspace]

Agreed. It really is incredible to think about.

[@goldenfloof5469]

@@Nghilifa Well starship is almost 4 years into its development and actually has a realistic chance of launching for the first time next month. And if they manage to get it to a turn around time even remotely comparable to falcon 9, then it's gonna blow the Saturn V out of the water in terms of launches per year. Heck, they're working an a large number of them at the same time, like 5 or 6, and they can produce them so fast that they've scrapped like 5 orbit capable rockets. Just because, for a time, they were advancing the design so fast that they were becoming outdated so early on in the building and testing cycle that it wasn't worth putting more effort into them.

[@nirbhayatiwari5425]

@@goldenfloof5469 Correct brother ... Also by utilizing just ~50% capacity of B7 33 Raptors they produced more thrust (7.9 million pounds) than the full thrust produced by Saturn V on liftoff (7.8 million pounds only oncefor Skylab and 7.5 million pounds of thrust for Apollo Missions ) .... But Yes we all know that Starship will surely be a better rocket than Saturn V but considering the condition and technologies of 60's I believe for 100% that Saturn V was and will be a masterpiece machinery ever built by humans ....

[@devindykstra]

The 3d animation in this one is absolutely on point! Great job!

[@primalspace]

Thank you so much! Really glad that you enjoyed it!

[@tvre0]

@@primalspace Can you do more on Saturn v guidance?

[@jonslg240]

When your rocket is on the earth and pointing straight up, that doesn't change as the earth rotates.. It's still straight up vs the earths center of mass.. *So this guy is kinda selling us a "bill of goods" when he says "as the earth rotates the rocket is no longer pointing straight up.* It might not be pointing at your target anymore, but if it's pointing straight up vs the field of gravity, then it's always pointing straight up and earths rotation does not change that.

[@jonslg240]

The further I watch this video the more I realise this channel must be a "space for dummies" channel.. ..a channel for people who've never watched the more advanced channels. Nothing wrong with that, just don't oversell it

[@devindykstra]

@@jonslg240 what's so bad with that? If he's able to simplify these really advanced topics into a simple video for "dummies" isn't that a good thing? Also a rocket's reference frame does change as the earth rotates, and that obviously needs to be corrected for. To my knowledge everything in the video is accurate.

[@paulhsv1121]

My Dad was part of the team that designed that gyro. He also had a patent to the gyro mounted on the lunar rover. I bragged to my sons one time that I had my fingerprints in space. I work in aerospace industry. He immediately replied, “I have my fingerprints on the moon.” Check mate. 😂

[@primalspace]

That's amazing! Now I want to read about the Lunar rover's gyro. Is your Dad still with us? He must have been very proud of what he did for the Apollo program.

[@paulhsv1121]

@@primalspace unfortunately he passed recently.

[@primalspace]

Sorry to hear that.

[@alex.m901]

Small world... my dad was the lead engineer of that team.

[@BabbyCat3008]

My dad was the assistant programmer on the team.

[@Nova-pr5cw]

Crazy I can think of millions of things which can go wrong in such a delicate system, this stuff worked is a miracle on its own kudos to engineers and everyone who were involved in building this

[@primalspace]

Agreed. It's pretty mind blowing to think about just how precise they needed to be. It was a lot of fun to learn about for me as well.

[@AFuller2020]

When you have good engineering and process, it all works… now compare that to SpacSex.

[@subjekt5577]

Yup. Largest successful rocket ever, that absurd amount of shaking and vibration, enough decibels to suffocate you from the impact force, and this little fucking gyro stays stable enough through all that while remaining precise

[@lajoswinkler]

On the contrary, it wasn't delicate. It was robust. It needed to be robust.

[@robrussell5329]

You can think of millions of things that can go wrong??? You must be a pretty awesome engineer!!

[@VintageAviation737]

in my opinion I think that the Saturn V / CSM/ LM were the best vehicles ever designed. All of their issues were solved so cleverly using 60s era technology. Really goes to show what a special team NASA had during the Apollo era.

[@dannypipewrench533]

I agree completely. The Saturn V may be surpassed in capability (not yet but soon), but nothing will ever beat in the fact that it worked so well despite having been developed with such earlier methods. Yeah, we can use all sorts of great computer simulations now to almost guarantee the thing will work before it ever flies, but the Saturn V worked without such advantages.

[@iPodGuyDK]

@@dannypipewrench533 Honestly, the Saturn V was so ahead of its time.

[@dannypipewrench533]

@@iPodGuyDK Indeed it was.

[@josephkanowitz6875]

ב''ה, דייו האמת, may He comfort the survivors - except for that problem with the first revision of the manned portion.

[@Bertinator-nm9ld]

The Apollo team also had LOTS of money to work with. That's something critical that NASA doesn't have now.

[@ob0273]

I am speechless. The Saturn V was so incredible piece of engineering. Imagine having this gyro mechanism on a rocket today - that's absolutely unthinkable 🤯

[@primalspace]

Agreed. I still marvel at how these kinds of problems are even identified ... let alone solved. Pretty incredible.

[@noop9k]

Today you can just use GPS while on earth and have some cameras to detect sun and stars.

[@goldenfloof5469]

@@noop9k You could just use GPS for the entire flight.

[@sheeplord4976]

Almost every jet on earth has a modern version if this system, but they use lasers instead of gyros now.

[@HailAnts]

@@goldenfloof5469 - You couldn't use GPS for a trip to the Moon. After TLI the ship would eventually exceed the limits of the range of GPS transmitters on the satellites orbiting the Earth.

[@anirprasadd]

Most people don't realize that the Saturn V was the epitome of human engineering at the time. The sheer number of innovations and breakthroughs, along with solving the engineering challenges involved makes it mind-boggling.

[@evanfinch4987]

"most people dont realize" yeah ok

[@anirprasadd]

​@@evanfinch4987Yes, actually. A lot of them don't.

[@robinwilliamsdouble5009]

American Ingenuity my friend, American ingenuity ! !

[@ejzeiberg]

@@robinwilliamsdouble5009 i have bad news for you regarding who designed the Saturn V my guy

[@robinwilliamsdouble5009]

@ejzeiberg ... the US government was uncomfortable with so many Germans in the rocket design program. Many Americans were brought in to help design rockets, write software, design the lunar module, provide parts, etc. for NASA. In fact, over 400,000 people worked for NASA alone. This is not counting the American companies like Rockwell, General Motors, IBM, The Grumman corporation, Lockheed Martin, Goodyear, etc. Like I said, American ingenuity

[@lewismassie]

There was a soviet launch that was aborted before liftoff. About 30 minutes later the launch escape system activated itself and launched the capsule away from the rocket. It was later found that the internal gyros had read the rotation of the earth as the rocket flying off course and activated the LES

[@quantumblur_3145]

let this be a lesson in turning off the lights

[@fridaycaliforniaa236]

This is why « guidance is internal » only comes at the last moment. Also, you often had more accurate sensor data when getting them from the ground, in particular if we talk about navigation. If I remember right what I've seen in some articles about the Apollo Guidance Computer and the systems related to it, its function was mostly to serve as a confirmation of what the tracking stations on Earth provided as data for navigation of the CSM module (because the onboard systems had less computing power and were less accurate).

[@TFB-chris]

Awesome video. Never heard about that before. I cannot imagine how much engineering, thought and work went into the Apollo program. Stunning

[@primalspace]

Thank you so much! So glad that you enjoyed the video and were able to discover something new today!

[@diverman1023]

Even the computers we use now to comment on this video have to give a lot of credit to the cutting edge compact and yet modular design of the Saturn V's onboard computer. When heavily funded back then, there was absolutely nothing that was out of reach for NASA and the numerous university departments that designed these systems from scratch

[@SayAhh]

No need for engineering; it relies on prayer alone. /s

[@TexasEngineer]

I worked on the Pershing Missile guidance in the Army. The guidance system was very similar except with accelerometers included and they all had air bearing. In the missle school they taught us how the German V2 rocket worked only and it used vacuume tubes instead on transistors. Von Braun was the genius behind the technology.

[@robrussell5329]

... and it always worked. 15 launches. 15 successful launches.

[@hydroxine2709]

It always amazes me how many of these kind of "quirks" engineers had to come up with to put boots on the moon for the first time.

[@primalspace]

Same! So many seemingly small things that can make such a huge difference.

[@AttilaAsztalos]

And as a cautionary tale of what happens when obscure details like these are not considered carefully enough, we need look no farther than Soyuz 7K-OK-No.1, which thought it was flying off course and triggered its escape launcher while sitting on the pad after an aborted launch, merely due to Earth having rotated under it a few degrees...

[@christopherbassit2757]

There is no moon you sheep. It’s all a big projection. How? It doesn’t rotate.

[@quantumblur_3145]

The combination of sophistication and jerry-rigged nonsense is so delightfully human

[@evanfinch4987]

just solving problems bruh

[@TeslaMaxwell]

Love the animation and level of art in this video. Also that was the smoothest Segway to a sponsor spot. I almost believed they used a tank.

[@primalspace]

Thanks so much! So glad that you enjoyed the video and got a kick out the sponsor haha. I try to keep things light around here haha

[@genralty]

"the tank is then used to completely tear down the saturn v, since theres nothing to reset the gyros other than to rebuild it"

[@onalennasehume4586]

That tank insert was pretty funny

[@primalspace]

Haha thanks! Glad you enjoyed that one!

[@mikefochtman7164]

I worked with navigational gyrocompasses for the Navy at one point. They used a similar 'followup' system to sense the minute changes in gyro torques and amplify them for the actual platform positioning. And during startup, used a simple 'ball level erector' system that relied on simply steel balls in a shallow bowl-like compartment to 'detect down' when first starting up.

[@thekidwhodraws]

That’s how crayfish detect down! They have small rocks in their ear canal with very sensitive fibers surrounding the chamber that holds the small rock, so whatever side is receiving pressure from the rock, that way is down. Engineering following nature

[@aaron8862006]

@@thekidwhodrawsGenuinely fascinating. 2 excellent replies.

[@st0pdr0pandtr0ll]

As an engineering student myself, the visuals in this video are so helpful in conveying how the system works versus how it is described. Thank you so much for the amazing content!

[@primalspace]

Thank you so much. That's great to hear and I'm really glad you enjoyed the video!

[@BiggestNoodle]

Its just, amazing This type of tech is literally one of a kind, and that thing was made to PUT HUMANS ON THE MOON! i simply have no words, i am full of amazement.

[@primalspace]

Agreed. Pretty mind blowing when you really sit back and think about it.

[@jamesbulldogmiller]

@0:08 the image is reversed. The "S" is a mirror image. .

[@obbie1osias467]

These are the important details that no Moon Landing Deniers and Flatearthers will never comprehend because it's much easier for them to believe in magic🤣🤣🤣

[@stevens-universe]

How did the Saturn V's guidance system compare to the guidance systems used in rockets today?

[@SeanBZA]

Still is the ancestor of them, though the Saturn guidance system was developed in parallel with the missile guidance systems, as both were under development by the same companies, at the same time. Thus a lot of the problems share common solutions, though the modern ones have moved mostly away from mechanical gyro platforms, and instead use solid state gyro units, and rely on computers to correct them for drift, as that can easily be characterised during assembly and test, as you can use a reference platform to allow one axis at a time to be decoupled from rotation and get the inherent drift. They also use accelarometers, and computer based integration, to get velocity, and again to get distance, and then can use the ring gyro units to calculate a position, based off of initial conditions. Then you use things like GPS, or star trackers, to obtain the error you have, and use that as part of the drift correction applied. But the modern reference platforms are now so accurate that you have correction both for rotation of the earth, and also for rotation around the sun, and have to apply as well correction for the motion of the solar system around the galaxy core as well, simply because this does otherwise show up as a long term error. In the 1970's Boeing had inertial reference platforms that were stable enough that you could fly an autopilot based flight without any external correction, and have a single flight from London to Sydney do that flight, and at landing it would be within 100 feet of the true position. 3 separate gyro units in each inertial reference unit, and the logic would fault any single one that disagreed more than the specified amount, and still give a valid reference off the other 2, just with a caution that maintenance was required. 2 inertial units, just in case one failed, and as backup you also had the old standby magnetic compass, and the Decca beacon receiver to allow you to plot location, provided you did not use the wrong lane. Later on GPS with the Decca, until the Decca was finally phased out. But even in the 1990's Decca was still in use a lot, simply because the cost of retrofitting a lot of aircraft was expensive, so it was in use till almost every aircraft had been updated to both, before it eventually was slowly switched off world wide, though there are still a few stations running for some countries.

[@-Daan-]

Really fun and details video. There where so many complex parts on the Saturn V, really impressive that they made this more than 50 years ago.

[@primalspace]

Agreed. Incredibly impressive and inspiring to think about. So glad you enjoyed the video!

[@srivathsananand9884]

How the hell do humans come up with this stuff? 🤯🤯🤯

[@Bruhnerd69]

smairt

[@indy314159]

This was before our brains were reduced to desicated husks by Tik Tok

[@rigel3294]

This was the most sophisticated explanation ever given by you in this channel. I was so blown away that I grabbed my chair initially and prepared myself to boost my testosterone level at it's peak to make myself understand the complex engineering problems that needed to be solved in order to get a footprint on the moon. A BIG owe to you for making this video so easy to understand and fun to watch.

[@primalspace]

Thank you so much for this comment. It really means a lot that you not only enjoyed the video, but learned something new about something we're all so passionate about here. Cheers!

[@quantumblur_3145]

What on EARTH is this

[@Pax.YouTube]

On moon ​@@quantumblur_3145

[@n8dawg640]

How on earth do people think of this stuff, that system is wild

[@primalspace]

Agreed!

[@TheTOMEK2905]

Most controversial space opinion? I think death of some people is unaviodable when conquering space and i think that people stand at the forefront of that endavour know that

[@user-sn8oe5sb1b]

That's not truly controversial, nor specific to space. A lot of things happen as we do our whole "being humans" thing, and one of them is death. We do our best to avoid it, but sometimes it's just not possible. We accept a number of deaths as an acceptable tradeoff. Some people die while driving, some die while flying, some die buying food, building things, etc. What we truly owe them is due diligence. Have you done everything within reason to avoid unnecessary deaths? Good, then let's go ahead. Sometimes that's enough, and sometimes it isn't and something happens. It's the toll we pay for progress. The unacceptable deaths are those that were predictable and preventable, like those on Challenger and Columbia, and yet we allowed them to happen for stupid political reasons. That, is not ok.

[@joshuapowers4623]

Fun fact. There are religious fundamentalists who, because thier bible describes a flat earth, would rather insist people made up this level of detail to hide that the earths actually flat & not a globe. Than acknowledge that thier religion might just not be quite as true as they were told when they were little.

[@ack_]

The level of accuracy required to make this kind of system, with such tiny elements, work, is astonishing. Thinking that a problem so complex was solved using 3 prisms and light is unreal.

[@adamhughes4442]

Makes you proud to be human!

[@MacElMasMancoDeTodos]

Why is people suddenly discussing why the Saturn V was confused with his launch position 60 years after??

[@thatAlex1337]

Wow, the Saturn V's gyroscope was truly a marvel of engineering! It's amazing how such a small device could help stabilize a rocket that was over 300 feet tall and weighing over 6 million pounds. It just goes to show the incredible attention to detail and precision that went into every aspect of the Apollo missions. Hats off to the brilliant minds behind the Saturn V's gyroscope!

[@evanfinch4987]

yeah and a few years later all that rube goldbergery was replaced with laser rings

[@KamazT4]

this isn’t my opinion but my uncle always believed the moon landings were fake. Listening to him talk about “how they faked it” was super fascinating but I also felt a little bad for him.

[@slenderguy12]

The missile thinks it knows where it is because it thought it knew where it wasn't

[@ceejay960]

The ingenuity of mankind never ceases to amaze me. Imagine how much thinking outside the box was required to build the Saturn V rocket!

[@primalspace]

Right? Pretty mind blowing when you think about it!

[@robinwilliamsdouble5009]

American ingenuity

[@frayedsanity]

That was really cool. I did read about the infa red laser thing a while ago, but learning exactly how it works is incredible. I've been learning so much about apollo and saturn lately. Great videos.

[@davee1471]

Woow Learning new things everyday. Thats cool

[@primalspace]

So glad you enjoyed this one! I had a great time putting it together!

[@Lunzicle]

This gyro also single handily proves the earth is not flat. Boom!

[@dachhh]

It proves the earth rotates. It could stil be flat...

[@user-bl6ne3hc6n]

Another words, MATH,

[@the.starman]

Don't worry, I've got you: The rocket knows where it is at all times. It knows this because it knows where it isn't. By subtracting where it is from where it isn't, or where it isn't from where it is (whichever is greater), it obtains a difference, or deviation. The guidance subsystem uses deviations to generate corrective commands to drive the rocket from a position where it is to a position where it isn't, and arriving at a position where it wasn't, it now is. Consequently, the position where it is, is now the position that it wasn't, and it follows that the position that it was, is now the position that it isn't. In the event that the position that it is in is not the position that it wasn't, the system has acquired a variation, the variation being the difference between where the rocket is, and where it wasn't. If variation is considered to be a significant factor, it too may be corrected by the GEA. However, the rocket must also know where it was. The rocket guidance computer scenario works as follows. Because a variation has modified some of the information the rocket has obtained, it is not sure just where it is. However, it is sure where it isn't, within reason, and it knows where it was. It now subtracts where it should be from where it wasn't, or vice-versa, and by differentiating this from the algebraic sum of where it shouldn't be, and where it was, it is able to obtain the deviation and its variation, which is called error.

[@dr4d1s]

Great explanation! I would have stopped at the rocket knows where it is because it knows where it isn't and left it at that. But you went the extra mile! I am sure it will help people better understand how guidance systems work. The correct answer is always in the comments. Thank you!

[@rodrigolefever2426]

​@@dr4d1s its just a copy paste

[@10Exahertz]

So the 3 orthogonal gyros can calculate torque differences and send it to gimbal motors to align the system to the rockets axis. Why not just mount the center disk right to the Staurn V. Then its always on the rockets axis, the 3 gyros can tell u torque/rotational changes over time and you dont have to rely on the gimbal motors, some reduced complexity? I know there is a good reason why, but what is it?

[@airinmikune9762]

It's sad to think that there's a lot of people who insist the whole moon landing is just a hoax. Imagine the complexities this simple mechanism has just to know the position of the rocket. Now imagine how many more advance system the rocket have and everyone of them has to work in unison. It would be infinitely easier to just photoshop some image at that point but NASA manage to do it still, I just wish people would give them more credit than due.

[@vibrolax]

00:30 The inertial guidance system measures accelerations, not velocities. Accelerations are integrated to obtain velocities, and velocities are integrated to obtain position.

[@dannypipewrench533]

3:13 The Apollo Program was so complex that I actually did not question the tank one bit. If I am not mistaken, there was an armored vehicle (troop transport, maybe?) a mile or so up the crawler way filled with firefighters.

[@AFE_07]

Really wasn't expecting the tank 😂 Nice video btw plus nice sponsored transitioning

[@primalspace]

Haha thanks so much. Glad you got a kick out of the transition and that you enjoyed the video!

[@philipkudrna5643]

Very interesting video - something I have actually not seen featured so far. Thank you, well done!

[@primalspace]

Thanks so much. So glad that you enjoyed it!

[@Pixel_Forge_]

My mat controversial space opinion may not be controversial at all but here goes. I feel the Venus is a better option for human colonization than Mars. The thing about Mars is it has low gravity, which causes bone decay. People who live on Mars for long periods of time, or are born on Mars, will have very weak bones that couldn’t support then should they come back to earth. However Venus has a gravity nearly the same as earths, and it’s thick atmosphere can be thinned making terraformation possible. Terraforming Mars would be difficult since an atmosphere would be stripped away again due to the planets low gravity, obviously not the case with Venus. Not the last point, but the last I’ll list here is the volcanic activity of Venus. Venus having so many active volcanos littered across its surface is an issue for the short sighted, but it actually provides soil that should be capable of growing plants.

[@RowanFilms]

Saturn v is just breathtaking I always find out more about it and it never fails to amaze me

[@primalspace]

Same!

[@soberek]

Sounds like XXI century but no, this was 1960's technology. You can easily tell when something was designed by brilliant engineers no matter when that was.

[@iamwell-db]

Amazing to see how many small yet important systems went into the design

[@primalspace]

Absolutely! So many seemingly small things that can make such a huge difference in the outcome.

[@RideAcrossTheRiver]

The accuracy to 0.001 degree is 3.6 arcseconds. At lunar distance, this works out to maximum ~3.5 km drift from desired trajectory.

[@davidben-avram8298]

It's amazing to think about how complex the Saturn V gyro alignment was. This system enabled the rocket to accurately point in the right direction, despite the immense power and force of the launch. In order to understand how this system works, engineers had to understand complex concepts like the precession of gyroscopes, and the integration of multiple gyroscopes to provide an accurate orientation of the rocket - something that was an incredible feat of engineering in the 1960s. It's truly remarkable to think how much technology has advanced since then, and how much more complex our rockets have become

[@MultiSciGeek]

Why does the video suddenly speed up at 1:15? Wtf

[@SapkotaFamily]

Primal Space really make sponsors part like a joke.

[@RyanSmith-nb1dm]

Bro the tank ad got me 😂

[@primalspace]

haha glad you both enjoyed that one. I do what I can.

[@nojo9684]

I hold a lot of pride knowing my Grandfather worked on the Saturn V

[@primalspace]

Very cool!

[@sabarib3492]

Bro awesome video , I ❤️ ur dedication and hard work, good luck , I love science very much and I like how u r explaining everything details about space science.

[@primalspace]

Thanks so much! Really means a lot that you're enjoying the content!

[@sethdebiase7845]

So cool that they were able to pull that off!!

[@primalspace]

Agreed!

[@sparrowthenerd]

That's super cool, I had never thought about the fact that the IMU would get skewed by the earth's rotation during its time on the pad!

[@primalspace]

Honestly, I hadn't thought too much about it either until I started learning about the system for this video. Every small detail really does matter.

[@sparrowthenerd]

@@primalspace the amount of time cumulatively spent on the Apollo program to iron out details like this really is incredible

[@joevignolor4u949]

If the rocket sat on the launce pad for 12 hours the gyro platform would be completely upside down.

[@sarcasmo57]

Those engineers thought of everything.

[@primalspace]

Pretty incredible when you think about it!

[@RudisBua]

the only bad thing about this channel is that there is only one video per month :/ otherwise - great and interesting as always!

[@primalspace]

So glad that you enjoyed the video and have been enjoying my content! I would love to be able to produce more videos for you guys each month. Still working on how to make that happen haha. Really appreciate the kind words and support!

[@Lauti-cw2zs]

@@primalspace better to improve quality over quantity you know. Keep it up you are doing great!

[@conanotoole]

My most controversial space opinion is probably that I believe NASA didn't do nearly enough to try and save the lives of the crew aboard Space Shuttle Colombia. There was clear evidence of damage from the launch video which should have been enough warning to delay the orbiters return to Earth and Space Shuttle Atlantis was already prepping for an upcoming launch, which could have been altered to serve as an on-orbit rescue mission. Sadly, none of these theories came to fruition but the Colombia crew shall always be remembered as American heroes 🚀

[@primalspace]

I actually had a similar conversation recently. Such an unfortunate event that could have (potentially) been avoided. Certainly heroes and always remembered. Thank you for sharing.

[@andrewdoesyt7787]

That’s not really controversial though, everyone kind of knows that nasa was negligent with that launch.

[@conanotoole]

@@andrewdoesyt7787 It's an opinion, and it is controversial that NASA was negligent so it does count...

[@becurious24x7]

I used to think about how simple it was and how much better a rocket with the same goal could be today... but this really changed that. The complexity of this system is absolutely mind-blowing, and is something that I feel like would be easier back when Apollo was flying versus trying the same thing today

[@GladiatorSlows]

Wow, I can't wait for Starship and Superheavy's orbital launch. The Saturn V really puts into perspective the class of rocket we can expect to see. Could be sometime next month!

[@dannypipewrench533]

Yeah, about that...

[@tullyfisher]

Another awesome video! It's one thing to actually build those amazing devices but it's another thing to really (fore)see the need for these and to think about a process so well and so deep that that you don't "forget" to include it. This is also what fascinates me about (space)exploration.

[@PeterHamiltonz]

Absolutely amazing, I had no idea, and I say this as someone who has watched and read endlessly about Apollo. Love the level of detail in the video as well.

[@primalspace]

Thank you so much! I'm so glad you were able to learn something new today and that you enjoyed the video. Means a lot!

[@infinitecanadian]

0:08 This picture is reversed. I never figured the Earth's rotation into the rocket taking off! No wonder I ain't a rocket scientist...

[@stevesgaming7475]

How they engineered these things is utterly beyond me. True geniuses, all of them.

[@primalspace]

Agreed. Pretty amazing stuff!

[@basketballxhq3438]

Its cool that a system in a hidden bunker helped it

[@Spartan2035]

Every time I see a video about the Saturn V, I learn something new. But this infra red light calibration method is just mind blowingly awesome. Thank you for making this!

[@primalspace]

So glad you enjoyed the video and that you were able to learn a little something new! Cheers!

[@Magnus_989]

The other day I kinda started ghosting one of my friends because he wouldn’t stop talking about how the moon landing was fake, I just can’t believe some people are still believing in stuff like that. Anyway I love watching ur videos because I aspire to become an astronaut one day! Thank you so much

[@primalspace]

Thank you so much and thank you for watching. So glad that you're enjoying the channel!

[@sclyse]

Your editing and explanations are amazing, also uploading once a month is worth the wait becuse your videos are 🔥

[@primalspace]

Thank you so much! I'm so glad that you enjoy the content and consider it worth the wait! Means a lot!

[@sclyse]

hey consider making a discord?

[@basketballxhq3438]

such a cool painting

[@primalspace]

Thanks! Good luck in the giveaway!

[@tinetannies4637]

I'm blown away by the creativity and ingenuity of those behind this incredible accomplishment

[@primalspace]

Me too. So many seemingly small things that could make such a huge difference in its success.

[@adamhughes4442]

Makes you proud to be human!

[@tinetannies4637]

@@adamhughes4442 Amazing that in just 66 years humanity went from the Wright Brothers' first flight to landing on the moon. Just 66 years!

[@andycampbell91]

Thank you...I've wanted to understand this for so long!

[@chickynuggych]

I love your videos just so much. I lately became interested in space and this was really an other video to help me to know that I love spaceflight

[@primalspace]

Thank you so much! I'm so glad that you're enjoying the channel and my content! There's SO much to learn! Enjoy! :)

[@JesseTheRef]

We should have continued using the Saturn V. It was the best heavy lifter and had an almost perfect track record. Same for the Saturn I-B, that was a really workhorse booster that should have been used more.

[@primalspace]

💯💯💯

[@dannypipewrench533]

ABSOLUTELY! The Saturn V should have been allowed to evolve. Imagine all sorts of lengthening, new or additional stages and engines, and new spacecraft. Not to mention it remains surprisingly cost effective. Sure, SpaceX has it beat, but SpaceX has everyone beat in terms of price.

[@TrueGamingVault]

Hey Primal, weird question, are you speeding up your videos? I watched a lot of your spaceX videos and the one about falling Chinese rockets, in thos videos yoir voice seems very calm and normal pace. However, in this video your voice feels slightly sped up, it's a little hard to keep up with how fast information is coming in. Hard to explain but I hope you understand what I mean. Also, fantastic video as always but thought I would let you know, not sure if anyone else noticed this.

[@primalspace]

Thank you so much for the comment, and I do know what you mean haha. I have been trying to pick up the pace just a little lately. So much to share and such little time! I will try to keep your comment in mind for future videos though. Much appreciated and so glad that you were still able to enjoy the content. Cheers!

[@andycapp9063]

The ingenuity of engineers 60 years ago is something to be proud of. Have we lost this ability to think through a problem.

[@LookOutForNumberOne]

The excelsior tank in WOT is CRAP, just a sell gimmick to sound good, I played in WoT for many years, is a Play 2 Win game, fully rigged to favouring the player who would pay money for a better tank, creating disproportional gameplay. In another words, Wargaming CHEATS for money, and that is allowed.

[@planetsec9]

And here I thought rope core memory was the most obscure and convoluted component of the Saturn V that I learned about, wow

[@H3boy]

Amazing Tech! My controversial opinion is that Pluto is a planet.

[@primalspace]

I really like this controversial opinion haha thanks for commenting and good luck in the giveaway!

[@theredsanic2570]

This absolutely changed my mind on the Saturn V -- I used to think about how simple it was and how much better a rocket with the same goal could be today... but this really changed that. The complexity of this system is absolutely mind-blowing, and is something that I feel like would be easier back when Apollo was flying versus trying the same thing today. I doubt anyone would have thought of it!

[@SeanBZA]

Yes, but remember them it was absolutely cutting edge, totally new, and something that had never been done before. After Saturn that technology went on to be used in so many things that you find all over, even if you do not see them at all, but those spin offs still are having a profound change in the modern world. The servo system there used to track the drift of the IMU with wind eventually landed up being used to correct the laser beam used to read your modern CD. DVD and BD player and recorder, similar problem resolved with the application of that design idea.

[@markl2322]

I sometimes think that modern technology, and modern engineers tend to over complicate their solutions. Some of the things that the Apollo program developed were the result of the simplest solutions.

[@mpdunner3698]

Great video! I watch the moon landing when I was a kid and everything Apollo topic since but didn't know they had to take the rotation of the earth into account. Very cool solution.

[@primalspace]

Very cool. So glad you enjoyed the video and were able to learn a little something new today!

[@graealex]

5:48 1/1000th of a degree isn't that precise actually. Depending on what the scale is.

[@broomy143]

Loving the video! My controversial opinion about space? The Reliant Robin should be made into a space shuttle again :D

[@stevens-universe]

What would have happened if the gyroscope malfunctioned during the Apollo 11 mission?

[@FlyNAA]

There was a backup system, the BMAG - Body Mounted Attitude Gyros.

[@realSamarthT]

Awesome video, as always. Nice graphics and animation too

[@primalspace]

Thanks so much. So glad you enjoyed it!

[@Amd-1111]

It's absolutely incredible that the Saturn V went from paper design to flight in just six years. Such small but crucial details like this are mind-blowing This was the most sophisticated explanation ever given by you in this channel. I was so blown away that I grabbed my chair initially and prepared myself to boost my testosterone level at it's peak to make myself understand the complex engineering problems that needed to be solved in order to get a footprint on the moon.

[@ronalzepeda]

The level of technology for those times is incredible.

[@primalspace]

Agreed!

[@charliehanner]

It's amazing how some of the basics we learn in Physics ends up being such a reliable system for rocket guidance... incredible - and just think of the evolution to solid state we are at today! Only ~60 years between the two

[@markl2322]

Kids, or those who seem to think the technology of the 60s was just above banging rocks together, this was not a miracle of engineering. It was plain and simple brain power. We weren't stupid back then, and we already had mathematics, and people who could actually do complicated calculations on paper, and use a little instrument called a Slide-Rule. So, all you youngsters talking about how it's so amazing we did this without the technology we have today, just remember; if these guys hadn't developed the technology of the 60s, you wouldn't have the technology of today. And 60 years from now today's technology is going to look like it's just above banging rocks together, and the kids of that time are going to wonder how we managed to do anything with the slow and primitive technology we have.

[@flypaddyo]

All this retired Aero Engr has to say is excellent video!

[@primalspace]

Thank you so much! Really glad you enjoyed it - means a lot!

[@arsalansaqlain5966]

Saturn V is such an incredible rocket at that time ..

[@primalspace]

Agreed!

[@gloppy-goose]

I always love when I get the noti of when you post videos

[@primalspace]

Love to hear that! Thanks for watching and glad you're enjoying the channel!

[@blindbrick]

I thought You would mention the accident with the soyuz escape tower firing due to the rotation of the earth.

[@Blackness_78]

These videos are so good !, The editing The clear and factual footage And the simple way at which you explain things ! :)

[@adkanaris]

Looks like crazy steampunk stuff in the era before computers but it worked perfectly. Wow!

[@sage12]

The missile knows where it is at all times. It knows this because it knows where it isn't, by subtracting where it is, from where it isn't, or where it isn't, from where it is, whichever is greater, it obtains a difference, or deviation. The guidance sub-system uses deviations to generate corrective commands to drive the missile from a position where it is, to a position where it isn't, and arriving at a position where it wasn't, it now is. Consequently, the position where it is, is now the position that it wasn't, and it follows that the position where it was, is now the position that it isn't. In the event of the position that it is in is not the position that it wasn't, the system has required a variation. The variation being the difference between where the missile is, and where it wasn't. If variation is considered to be a significant factor, it too, may be corrected by the GEA. However, the missile must also know where it was. The missile guidance computance scenario works as follows: Because a variation has modified some of the information the missile has obtained, it is not sure just where it is, however it is sure where it isn't, within reason, and it knows where it was. It now subracts where it should be, from where it wasn't, or vice versa. By differentiating this from the algebraic sum og where it shouldn't be, and where it was. It is able to obtain a deviation, and a variation, which is called "air"

[@DrKeez]

They did this in the 1960's. Problem after problem had to be solved for it all the work. NASA had a team of engineers just to design and fabricate this one system to serve this very purpose for the first few minutes of a moon mission onto TLI. Incredible.

[@MonsieurDijon]

My Controversial space opinion is that i think the ISS should be deorbited soon, maybe in the next 5 years. it has served us greatly, but i think recently it has been a cause of a lot of conflict such as all the leaks on the Russian capsules, and just general conflict between the US and Russia. plus It's 20 years old. A lot of what it was able to accomplish 20 years ago is possible today without it such as small scale experiments that can just ride on a rideshare mission instead of the Station. in addition to this, many new stations are going to be going online in the next 5-10 years to replace The ISS.

[@will.]

That’s a really cool print, I hope I win!

[@primalspace]

Thank you! It's one of my favorites as well. Good luck in the giveaway!

[@tahsin549]

I think the most controversial space opinion is the idea that we should prioritize space exploration over addressing urgent problems here on Earth. While the exploration of space is undoubtedly exciting and holds enormous potential for scientific discovery and technological advancement, we must also recognize the pressing issues facing our planet, such as climate change, poverty, and inequality. That being said, I do believe that space exploration has an important role to play in addressing some of these challenges. For example, satellite technology can help us better understand and address climate change, while space-based solar power has the potential to provide clean energy for people around the world. Ultimately, I believe that we need to strike a balance between investing in space exploration and addressing the problems facing our planet. Both are important, and both require our attention and resources.