History of the Earth Part 2: Phanerozoic Eon - Paleozoic Era

We just cruised through the Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic eons. That brings us all the way to the Phanerozoic eon, which is the one we are still living in today. This is split up into the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras, so let's hit these eras one at a time, since so much happened in each one. First up, the Paleozoic era!
Script by Jared Matteucci
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[@jessicadeines]

My 6 year old son and I watch this together. He is an autistic savant and has shown immense ability in math and science. Thank you so much for these they generated great conversations between us about how amazing the earth is and how we got here.

[@SpaceBound01]

What a beautiful relationship to have with your kid, wish you all the best!

[@freedyorozco8451]

🐂💩

[@EvoVerseBeyondtomorrow13]

@SHORTAXISwhat no?

[@boltzmannbrain6607]

Your son is like the rainman

[@nicmckay1055]

Did everyone clap?

[@Incred_Canemian]

Oo, I know what happens to prompt the next era. It was Great! I'm Dying to see the next video!

[@trhll5635]

The Great Dying!

[@GothosRedux]

Ouch!

[@isidoreaerys8745]

I see what you did there

[@andybeans5790]

The sequel "The Greater Dying" is going to be a doozy

[@suhaalhuwairini840]

Me toooo

[@The_Horse-leafs_Cabbage]

The Paleozoic Era is oddly inspiring to learn about. It was essentially when life threw ideas at the wall, just to see what stuck (metaphorically speaking). Our planet back then seems almost alien compared to the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. And to think that it all nearly crumpled into dust in the wake of the Great Dying. The Ocean Collective, a progressive metal band, did two concept albums on the Phanerozoic Eon (with each song named after a geological period). Well worth a listen.

[@magiccookiethe1113]

I just wanted to say that I think what you're doing is very honorable so thank you :).

[@chrisvanessahorvath4054]

Thanks!

[@lizabme7678]

Love your work Professor Dave but I think I might disagree with you a little bit on the beginning of the Paleozoic being able to have species radiate because there were no predators. During the Ediacaran most animals were soft and that's why there's very few fossils of them but then during the Cambrian you see hard shells on a lot of the animals. Why would animals need to develop hard shells if not to protect from predators? What about Anomalocaris or Opabinia? Did you mean during the neoproterozoic (Edicarian) there were no predators? Predation has been present since single cell prokaryotes otherwise our theory of the development of eukaryotes goes out the window. If I misunderstood your premise I apologize. Thank you again for your great videos!

[@joonzville]

I just relistened to his explanation of the original animal radiation and, although it could have been clearer, he said the rapid radiation due to lack of predators was "during and immediately after animals first evolved". That would have been 10s of millions of years before the Cambrian. IOW, I think he meant exactly what you said about armor in the Cambrian, it just wasn’t stated clearly. Obviously, I could have misunderstood him, but the Prof generally adheres to the consensus opinion in a scientific field and I’ve read/heard the same hypothesis wrt the earliest radiation of animals, that there wasn’t serious predation until around the beginning of the Cambrian.

[@planetearth2249]

We can never get enough of this planet, and I love that.

[@codacoder]

And there are even more out there!

[@JV-km9xk]

I didn't expect this series. Nice!

[@davidsmith-uw2ci]

I love how creationists avoid early development of earth and the early era's/periods of earth especially the animals like the plague lol. Bcuz it goes against all their claims and they can't back them up.

[@absolution_3592]

Education! Love this series, can’t wait for more! =)

[@TheRolemodel1337]

1:25 also by changing the weathering of rocks leading to greater nutrient flow into the oceans which in turn produced more biomass and also sequestered CO2 as the biomass on land was still comparatively low

[@chemdog1632]

Being the only Atheist in a deeply religious family is a pain especially since the only higher education I have is army NBC school and advance bio surveillance. Thank you so much for all the hard work you do sir.

[@ofda_bronx]

are they catholic?

[@buttercxpdraws8101]

Just found this video. Fantastic! I’m going back through the playlist 💕✌️👏

[@richardaitkenhead]

Another nailer of a video, loving the new doo, 10/10 would bang.

[@drummerjeff]

I love these videos!!! Thanks for being such a valuable resource on youtube!!!!

[@andybeans5790]

I love this, my interest wanes significantly over the Holocene

[@sciencenerd7639]

delightful video, thanks so much

[@alejandracoronaortega3452]

As a Montessorian trying to learn the Clock of Eras, this is very helpful!

[@rursus8354]

I love the music and sound effects of this video. Because there are none. I cannot understand why other fact video producers think that it is a good idea to play music during the talk.

[@rbitrary]

At 2:00, you say that amphibians evolved into reptiles, which had shelled eggs, but wouldn't it be better to say they evolved into amniotes or reptilomorphs? Since from what I've gathered, mammals are not thought to have evolved from reptiles, but from a common amniote ancestor with shelled eggs.

[@lualmajok3482]

Wow! I wonder We love your lectures ❤️❤️❤️

[@badmosh7256]

Please profesor we want the whole intro 🙏

[@Engineer-t9z]

i love this guy

[@rickschultheis8846]

thanx Prof Dave!

[@penguinuprighter6231]

Great stuff Dave..well done.

[@wizardsuth]

Another factor in coal formation during the Carboniferous era was that plants evolved the ability to produce cellulose and lignin, but no microbes had evolved that could digest these. As a result woody plant material tended to accumulate over time, and much of it was transformed into coal. There must have been enormous wildfires during this era as well.

[@kiminimuchu__]

I don't agree with how all tetrapods that left the water in this video are first summarized as "amphibians" (even thought they were not yet true amphibians), and much less the generalization of all amniotes as reptiles, specially using a picture of dimetrodon as the example of reptile, when dimetrodon is *not* a reptile. These types of oversimplifications lead to far too many misunderstandings.

[@jaxonhay2009]

Great Video Professor Dave. I think it’s worth delving deeper into the climate during The Carboniferous Period. Specifically the CO2 content in the atmosphere compared to today. After all, we are putting the carbon dioxide which was in the atmosphere then back when we burn Pennsylvanian coal. Thanks for the video.

[@___santhur___]

0:37 tatakae

[@elainemisteria8309]

It wont stop until all it enemies are dead

[@adrastoso9727]

The Carboniferous period is my favorite. This video skims through the whole Paleozoic era too fast. I like watching PBS videos talking about each period, all the ch ages to the earth and animal that first appear and go extinct.

[@Poliostasis]

1:55 Dimetrodon was not a reptile.

[@eliteteamkiller319]

Correct.

[@rhyansolis2717]

@PROFESSOR DAVE gotta say you look gorgeous with your new hair!

[@major7thsmcgee973]

Which one of these eras was Keith Richards born in?

[@WonderOfNature1234]

Very important video !

[@nelson138]

Hey love your videos Prof Dave. Got a question, you only mention orogenies within the USA right? there must have been other orogenies for the rest of the world, right?

[@irenafarm]

The first major orogenies were centered on the future North America.

[@Engineer-t9z]

Professor Dave, do Engineering

[@elainemisteria8309]

0:37 legends say it keep moving forward

[@tk4847]

Until all it’s enemies are destroyed

[@Charles_S09]

@@tk4847 tatakae

[@FrederickTheGrt]

"Nature experimented..." Nature did not experiment, these forms evolved over time.

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

It's just a metaphor.

[@micnorton9487]

I noted that too but Dave clearly points out,, the "experiments" more often than not lead to dead evolutionary ends OR less frequently to more evolutionarily viable forms,, so the idea of a "Creator" is not considered at all which kinda makes sense because what kinda "Infallible Creator" creates hammerhead sharks lol?

[@longcastle4863]

Is it hypothesized that life begain in the oceans or in warm shallow tidal pools that were then washed into the ocean?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

The leading model involves hot springs, but we don't know for sure.

[@mina7016]

0:46 what does "radiation of animal" mean? I like your videos Prof Dave! I wish they were accessible to me when I was back in school.

[@rubenhillier770]

This just means populations of animals exponentially grew and spread out over the area.

[@carterround4600]

It’s quite the jump to go from watching Professor Dave destroy Kent Hovind in a debate to this

[@RisqueRique]

Best era 😤🤙🏻

[@xb5442]

So, if an alien planet never experienced a carboniferous glaciation event, and an intelligent alien species emerged on that planet, would they essentially be stuck forever in a pre-industrial society? Probably impossible to say for sure but it's this kind of stuff that really puts things into perspective for me. We're just so lucky that conditions were right hundreds of millions of years ago to create the fuel that helped build our modern, advanced society. There's probably millions of variables like this which might go some of the way to explaining the Fermi paradox?

[@valivali8104]

I don't think it's good idea to call first tetrapods lung fishes and amphibians, nor call stem-mammals reptiles. It can confuse people and make them think that we evolved from reptiles which evolved from amphibians which evolved from lung fishes, even though each one of these groups are related to us, not our ancestors. Same way as some people who hate evolution claim "evolutionists say that humans came from monkeys" and mean that scientists claim that one of still existing monkeys is our ancestor instead of we sharing ancestors with still living monkeys (apes being our closest relatives).

[@andybeans5790]

This is the unfortunate consequence of simplification and analogy through a one-way medium like pre-recorded video, misunderstandings can become entrenched without the opportunity to discuss and test your understanding. I think it's more of a problem in the US, I'm in the UK and I don't know anyone personally who argues against evolution. Personally I think in the "age of information" schools should concentrate upon teaching critical thinking and not so much on trying to give kids an overly basic grounding in everything.

[@harrybelmont7049]

What era are crustations from ?

[@Littlekoji-df1cf]

I Love this! Keep up. 😄🤘

[@AryanSingh-eq2jv]

Leaving a comment here 🐞

[@sadib4782]

0:31 WOOOOH YEAA MY LAST NAME MENTIONED (biggest flex tbh) 🎉🎉🎉

[@BladesDark]

Thanks :)

[@turbobrain1342]

I thought I'd let you know that I am debating Kent Hovind on Thursday, March 31st at 6pm. It is on Standing for Truth channel. (David Emery)

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Be ruthless. Back him into a corner, nail him on something, and don't let him change the subject, ever.

[@turbobrain1342]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains that's my plan. I'll let you know.

[@keegan6388]

any way we can watch?

[@turbobrain1342]

@@keegan6388 kzbin.info/www/bejne/jp-8qKmVZ8eVnac

[@eliteteamkiller319]

I wouldn't recommend debating anyone. Debates do not show who is right. They show who is more prepared and better on their feet. If debates meant a damn thing, science correspondence would be done at podiums and not through letters (emails) and peer reviewed publications. So yeah, I wouldn't recommend it.

[@GoldenSparklingBird]

I wonder if the first life didn't know predators then where did they come from? Wouldn't that mean that the first carnivores evolved from exactly these peaceful creatures? So, did they eat themselves in a way? Oh, and I love Ediacara-Fauna! Want to learn more about! Please???

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Check my debunk of Stephen Meyer I talk about it for like an hour.

[@rubenhillier770]

different populations evolved from the "prey" populations and they evolved to become predators as there was a great deal of pressure to find new food sources so other animals were a great source.

[@apologarrido2874]

3:06 hmm where is this place?

[@apologarrido2874]

im getting a dejavu on that place

[@T4N7]

Technically amphibians refers to all the current day amphibians n there common ancestor n all species in between... amniotes r outside the genetic range of amphibians. So tho it is true when u said that amphibians, reptiles, n humans (as a stand in for mammals) share a common ancestor, that ancestor was not an amphibian but wut is called a tetrapod meaning it has Four Feet. N as I said, mammals n reptiles (n ergo birds) all share a common ancestor which was the 1st amniote (meaning it formed eggs with strong enough shells to lock their moisture in so we could lay them on land. Eventually some mammals would gain the ability to skip the laying of eggs n let it develop inside us like (just like sharks as a case of convergent evolution) n some of those internally gestating mammals developed pouch to guard their nipples n provide a safe space for the fetus to grow n form outside the uterus n allow the mothers to practically eliminate birthing complications for themselves... sorry, I've been stressed a lot this week n this is the first time all week I've smoked a bowl n my OCD got the better of me. I'm sorry if I came off as jerk, I just was compelled to correct the minor disinformation n then my excessive knowledge of evolutionary biology word vomited out of my thumbs. I actually love ur videos n am again sorry if I came off as a hater. Edit: See, u mention amniotes a second later so I didn't have to write that but my OCD got the best of me, sorry again n if u r wondering I'm not deleting this just cuz there is relevant I fo in there for anyone who wants it, besides, that's like 5 mins of typing

[@Algeriawindows69]

i wish trilobites survived to this day

[@zura8124]

This sht is fire

[@katsumieee]

1:12

[@Chewy00]

Im too stupid to fully understand this but its interesting nonetheless lol

[@micnorton9487]

NO YOU'RE NOT,, you're here rather than watching pron so you're doing pretty good lol ..

[@sawsan552]

Best💣💣💣

[@nhabib114]

Brilliant but too brief.

[@scottydontpee7229]

Are you able to do a video on the theory that we are in a simulation? It might not be the kind of thing you do if so just ignore this, but my friend thinks we are in a simulation because science is like code for everything. But I think its just how things work and happens to be somewhat similar to a computer. Thanks

[@eliteteamkiller319]

I don't know. I don't really feel that's science. It's more like speculation by scientists-more metaphysics than physics. At best it's just an interpretation of quantum mechanics. I don't think this is the kind of thing Dave is interested in. He seems to only care about scientific theories (e.g., well substantiated explanations backed by evidence and experimentation) and debunking pseudoscience. As simulation hypotheses are neither, I think you may not get what you want. But I'm rooting for you!

[@-JA-]

👍👏

[@jamiegallier2106]

❤

[@Bob-of-Zoid]

Why don't we call the Paleozoic era "the Fishy era"??? (

[@Algeriawindows69]

we saved that for the Devonian

[@Bob-of-Zoid]

@@Algeriawindows69 The Devonian isn't called "The Fishy era" either! And Wheres my Tiktaalic?😠

[@Poliostasis]

Completely ignored the Permian era and how interesting and important it was for all future life, unfortunate.

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

This is a geology tutorial.

[@Poliostasis]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains oh okay

[@ravenwarjoy]

"...so without carboniferous glaciers, the industrial revolution might not have occured" The Carboniferous period and it's consequences have been a disaster for the human race.

[@narkoman2751]

True

[@betaorionis2164]

Not sure that life before the Industrial Revolution was a delight.

[@mr.evasion]

Compromised from birth , our World is truly special 💖

[@micnorton9487]

💯💯🖖

[@phanerrenahp5154]

Clicked on the video because I saw my first name in a title

[@eliteteamkiller319]

Eon? Would be a cool name. Or is your name Part II?

[@thetruebluestarj4746]

Did mel brooks really approve this sequel. I mean i learned something but there was no comedy at all.

[@artemisnite]

So you're saying the egg came before the chicken...

[@eaglebauer944]

First amniotic eggs 340 million years ago, first chickens evolving at around 58 thousand years ago... at the earliest. So yes, the egg came first.

[@AbdealiMalkani]

Yay, more omlet for me!! Yes it did, dino eggs, too sad nobody made dino egg omlet tho😢

[@artemisnite]

@@eaglebauer944 pretty sure the adage is referring to chicken eggs.

[@eaglebauer944]

@@artemisnite pretty sure it's still the egg.

[@thecuto]

Yyeet

[@JESUSCHRYSLER5512]

AND THE **DERGON DERZHERLERABLE SPPLERZGERNOVLERS ERA!!**

[@A.R.P.Railway]

So basically you think that you came from lizards? not monkeys?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Our evolutionary history traces back to reptiles, yeah. Therapsids specifically.

[@A.R.P.Railway]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains ok 1 question always bugs me. If at start there was single cell then how it decided to make genders. It can grow, evolve or multiply to reptiles and then reptiles can do that too.

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Organisms were hermaphroditic before sexes diverged.

[@micnorton9487]

​@@A.R.P.RailwayFrom Wikipedia - Some animals, like Komodo dragons and sharks, were found to reproduce without mating, a process termed parthenogenesis. California condors, stick insects, blind snakes, tardigrades, and some fish have also exhibited this phenomenon.1 day ago

[@TheCerealHobbyist]

Clearly you haven't bought and watched Dr. Kent Hovind's video series! The earth is 12 years old. C'mon, do your research, sheeple!!

[@jojo_da_poe]

Your profile picture is the RAF logo, imma bout to be a BF109

[@AbdealiMalkani]

Me 262 ​@@jojo_da_poe

[@rashadroberts2910]

No no no nooooooo!! The earth was made 6000 yeaaars ago!!

[@bradweir]

Mythled fool.

[@OubleJum]

@@bradweir he's gotta be trolling

[@bradweir]

@@OubleJum NO. Seriously I dislike religious stupidity.

[@bradweir]

Sorry ooops.

[@lll-set-propyl]

Did you not realize that this video is about science

[@xanh350]

Earth is flat dude and only 6000 years old.

[@eliteteamkiller319]

LOL you must be trolling. If Earth was flat we'd see the sun at night. That's not only obvious by common sense, it's PROVABLE by basic high school physics. We see stars near the horizon that are further away from Earth than the sun (and we know they're further away by parallax and standard candles), yet many orders of magnitude less bright (apparent brightness). If the sun were a spotlight, it'd look like a flattened ellipse almost all day long (including an EXTREMELY flattened ellipse a couple hours before sunset), only looking like a circle at noon (and only sometimes and in certain locations). You can get a filter on a telescope to filter out some of the light, and then you can CLEARLY see that the shape appears to be a circle all day long (actually, if you get a good telescope and filter, you can clearly see that the sun is a sphere).

[@xanh350]

@@eliteteamkiller319 no you can't see the sun because its too far away......get out of your delusion my man.

[@kieranlinie1269]

@@xanh350 You are living in the past dude. Physical scientific evidence is telling us the Earth is older than 6000 years old, and I, a Christian who believes in God, fully support the work of scientists

[@jojo_da_poe]

@@xanh350 The sun is only about twice as far when it is on the other side of the earth in your model than it is when directly above you. The sun would be more than visible. Also, if you are right at the North Pole, wouldn't it look like the sun is orbiting something directly above you? You flat earthers always cite religion as evidence. Even though I don't believe in religion, literally most Christians don't fall for the propaganda that is the flat earth model.

[@bradweir]

@@xanh350 Uneducated fool.

[@RunD.Ones1s]

Um actually sweaty god made it all, check mate David

[@minhngotuan3607]

What a convincing argument!

[@RunD.Ones1s]

@@minhngotuan3607 /s

[@bradweir]

L