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Protozoa are a diverse group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms traditionally classified as protists. They are primarily aquatic, living in both freshwater and marine environments, as well as in soil and as parasites in various animals. Protozoa are characterized by their ability to move using various structures like flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia. They exhibit a range of nutritional modes, including heterotrophy (ingesting other organisms), and some are capable of photosynthesis.
Protozoa exhibit a wide range of shapes and sizes, and they move using different mechanisms, such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia. Some well-known types include amoebas, which move by extending their cell membrane to form pseudopodia, and ciliates, which use tiny hair-like structures called cilia for locomotion and feeding.
Amoebozoa: Characterized by amoeboid movement and pseudopodia. Example: Amoeba proteus.
Ciliophora: Noted for their use of cilia for movement and feeding. Example: Paramecium.
Flagellata (or Mastigophora): Move using flagella. Example: Trypanosoma.
Apicomplexa: Parasitic protozoa with complex life cycles. Example: Plasmodium (malaria-causing).
Morphology:
Shape and Size: Paramecia are typically oval or slipper-shaped and range in size from about 50 to 330 micrometers in length.
Cilia: The most distinctive feature of Paramecium is its covering of tiny, hair-like projections called cilia. These cilia are used for locomotion and feeding. They beat in a coordinated fashion to propel the organism through the water and help it capture food particles
Pellicle: The outer layer of the cell, known as the pellicle, provides structural support and flexibility, giving the Paramecium its shape.
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