Рет қаралды 502
Tijekom Prvog svjetskog rata cijela današnja Slovenija bila je u sastavu Austro-Ugarske, koja je cijelo vrijeme (1914.-1918.) bila sudionik rata na strani Centralnih sila. Slovenci su unovačeni u austrougarsku vojsku, uglavnom u pješačke pukovnije III. korpusa u Grazu. Prema djelomičnim podacima, u ratu je poginulo 25.136 vojnika sa slovenskog teritorija. Sočka fronta (1915.-1917.) odvijala se na zapadnom rubu slovenskog teritorija, gdje se Austro-Ugarska sukobila s Italijom i konačno je uspjela potisnuti na zapad. Zbog nestašice, izbjeglištva s bojišnice i španjolske groznice koja je izbila nedugo nakon rata, rat je ostavio teške posljedice i u zaleđu i među civilnim stanovništvom. Slovenci su i prije rata htjeli formirati zajedničku državu s ostalim južnim Slavenima, Jugoslaviju, koja je isprva bila zamišljena tek kao treća autonomna jedinica Habsburške monarhije uz Austriju i Mađarsku (trijalizam). Tijekom rata, 1917., potpisana je velika peticija za Svibanjsku deklaraciju, koja je zahtijevala trialistički aranžman. Peticiju su uglavnom potpisivale žene, jer su muškarci bili na frontu. Kako su austro-ugarske vlasti nastavile odbijati nacionalne ustupke Slovencima tijekom rata, slovenski su političari postupno počeli zagovarati ujedinjenje oko neovisne Srbije.Rat je završio porazom i raspadom Austro-Ugarske. Slovenci su se ujedinili s Hrvatima i Srbima bivše Austro-Ugarske u Državu Slovenaca, Hrvata i Srba, koja se mjesec dana kasnije spojila sa Srbijom u Kraljevinu Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca (Jugoslavija). Primorska, zapadna trećina slovenskog teritorija, pripala je Kraljevini Italiji Rapalskim mirom (1920.) kao jednom od pobjednika. Talijanske su vlasti odmah započele politiku talijanizacije. Nedugo nakon završetka rata Slovenci su započeli borbu s Njemačkom Republikom Austrijom za svoju sjevernu etničku granicu. Već 1918. Rudolf Maister uspješno je osigurao aneksiju Maribora i većinski slovenskog zaleđa Jugoslaviji, dok je u Koruškoj zauzet samo mali dio teritorija. Konačno, spor u Koruškoj, koja je većinom naseljena Slovencima, odlučen je plebiscitom, na kojem se većina stanovništva odlučila za austrijsku državu. U kolovozu 1919. jugoslavenska vojska okupirala je Prekmurje, koje je dotad bilo u sastavu Mađarske.
During the First World War, all of today's Slovenia was part of Austria-Hungary, which was a participant in the war on the side of the Central Powers all the time (1914-1918). Slovenian men were conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian army, mostly in infantry regiments III. of the Graz Corps. According to partial data, 25,136 soldiers from Slovenian territory died in the war.[1] The Soča Front (1915-1917) took place on the western edge of Slovenian territory, where Austria-Hungary clashed with Italy and finally managed to push it west. Due to shortages, refugees from the front and the Spanish flu, which broke out shortly after the war, the war also had severe consequences in the hinterland and among the civilian population. Even before the war, the Slovenes wanted to form a common state with other southern Slavs, Yugoslavia, which was initially intended only as the third autonomous unit of the Habsburg monarchy next to Austria and Hungary (trialism). During the war, in 1917, a large-scale petition was signed for the May Declaration, which demanded a trialist arrangement. The petition was mainly signed by women, as men were at the front. As the Austro-Hungarian authorities continued to refuse nationality concessions to the Slovenes during the war, Slovene politicians gradually began to advocate unification around an independent Serbia.[2] The war ended with the defeat and disintegration of Austria-Hungary. The Slovenes united with the Croats and Serbs of the former Austria-Hungary in the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, which merged with Serbia a month later to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia). Primorska, the western third of the Slovenian territory, belonged to the Kingdom of Italy with the Treaty of Rapala (1920) as one of the winners. The Italian authorities immediately started a policy of Italianization. Shortly after the end of the war, the Slovenes began to fight with the German Republic of Austria for their northern ethnic border. Already in 1918, Rudolf Maister successfully ensured the annexation of Maribor and the predominantly Slovenian hinterland to Yugoslavia, while only a small amount of territory was occupied in Carinthia. Finally, the dispute in Carinthia, which is mostly inhabited by Slovenes, was decided by a plebiscite, in which the majority of the population decided for the Austrian state. In August 1919, the Yugoslav army occupied Prekmurje, which had previously been part of Hungary.