Great video. Can someone please answer this question and write down the calculation? When the equivalent dose level for an environment is 1uSv/hour, what is the equivalent number of ray counts passing through a 10cmx10cmx10cm free space per second? (assume gamma ray only, and add other typical conditions you may need. Just want to know the calculation process)
@dr.paulinemoyaert10 ай бұрын
It's been too long since I have learned this, so I won't be able to help you, but I hope someone else can. Good luck!
@DinkusMcFlarpy9 ай бұрын
I believe this video answers your question: kzbin.info/www/bejne/hYPFl5eCitFjn80
@thebigdintown83498 ай бұрын
ask chatGPT for questions you dont know how to answer, its correct sometimes
@ahmedbasim23022 жыл бұрын
Finally found an explanation, it is so wierd that there is so little information on this subject on yt
@RES61527 Жыл бұрын
Yeah I wonder why
@kpojechukwudawu647310 ай бұрын
Very true
@sheviper4 ай бұрын
It's very niche
@dr.paulinemoyaert2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for watching my video. If you liked it, please consider giving it a thumbs up 👍. Feel free to let me know if you have any questions, I'd be happy to help you ☺.
@paulmobleyscience2 жыл бұрын
@Dr. Pauline Moyaert I know not all comments are posting on youtube and just wanted to see if my comment thread I started van be seen, thank you
@sarasingh3780 Жыл бұрын
Thankyou so much Dr. Paulien
@manimaranb86213 ай бұрын
great and detailed explanation.. thanks doc. .great work💚
@joannalowder2 ай бұрын
Amazingly helpful. You are a linear thinker like I am so it makes sense.
@el3ees2 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much! You summarized a whole chapter in 7 minutes.
@dr.paulinemoyaert2 жыл бұрын
Thank you, Isa 😊🧡
@danpavelko8414 Жыл бұрын
Was looking for this information on all my KZbin channels going over radiological accidents in history. Thank you for covering this subject.
@richfarish3 ай бұрын
Thanks, you have made learning so much easier and enjoyable.👋
@dominicestebanrice7460 Жыл бұрын
This is a SUPERB presentation; comprehensive yet concise....thank you!
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
Thank you so much :-)
@SuperTrucker20196 күн бұрын
Beautifully explained! Thank you for this educational vid. I've always been very curious about nuclear science.
@davidyousef220 Жыл бұрын
Thank you very much Dr. Paulien for this very informative and clear explanation!
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
You are very welcome, David! 😊
@baraaalhadi6715 Жыл бұрын
This is the best explanation and summary of this topic, thanks
This was the perfect order of explanation that made this so simple to understand!
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
Thank you! 💛
@tiktokdeepimpacteris1246 Жыл бұрын
Best explanation I've seen. Thank you.
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
Thank you 😊💪
@filakyle36632 жыл бұрын
Hallo Pauline, I came here becouse of curiosity. I played some video game about surviving in radiation enviroment... Thanks to your video I finally understand how it works and is measured. Thank you a lot.
@dr.paulinemoyaert2 жыл бұрын
Glad to hear this video was helpful! 😉🤩
@filakyle36632 жыл бұрын
@@dr.paulinemoyaert thank you
@TekCroach2 ай бұрын
Thanks. Brief, informative, and substantive. ❤❤❤
@cindydominguez180310 ай бұрын
Thank you so much for this, you have no idea of my struggle. God bless you
@GabrielGM17172 жыл бұрын
Great and clear explanation! Thank you!
@dr.paulinemoyaert2 жыл бұрын
Thank you, Gabriel! ☺
@halimayusufahmad93559 ай бұрын
I wish there are many more videos regarding this area. I really enjoyed this one.
@shakenbacon-vm4eu Жыл бұрын
Thank you. I’m a diagnostic radiologist (Neuro, I don’t do nukes) a few years out of my boards so I completely forgot the nuances of everything. You explanation brought me right back to when my head was full right before my exams, thanks!!
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
Oh, I'm so glad to hear that! Thanks 'ShakenBacon' 😊
@qaiserbozdar1542 Жыл бұрын
Thank you, I appreciate your efforts. I received maximum absorb, equivalent, and effective dose of your lecture. Thank you again, it really helped me. 😊
@DrRajsiKhannaАй бұрын
Very nice explanation! Kudos ❤
@seankim11658 ай бұрын
Incredible video. Thank you so much for you efforts
@mnmmnm65642 жыл бұрын
Wow first time I've understood this thank you!
@dr.paulinemoyaert2 жыл бұрын
Thanks! Made my day ☺☺
@manal4231 Жыл бұрын
I wish you could feel how thankful I am ❤
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
Aaawww, thank you so much Manal! It's a pleasure 💛💛
@paulmobleyscience2 жыл бұрын
Hello Dr. I'm back with another question/answer for you I think you really need to focus on. Absorbed dose as I learned it. 1. Range (MeV) 2. Deposition through the range (while life Deposition) 3. Area of irradiation (inverse square law does not apply to extended sources) 4. Density of the means ( skin, muscle, fat, blood, bone etc) REM RAD conversion The issue I know with this presentation is that it uses only one theory and not both. The system you are using is called the Linear Hypothesis made and pushed by the nuclear industry laboratories. With this theory you can only deduce your external exposure of high energy gamma ray colliding with matter and causes ionization. The reason you think it covers it all is because Alpha and Beta particles are involved in the equation but they really aren't. As far as external exposure is concerned, Alpha and beta can do very little to your dead skin alone amd can be absorbed through the skin but you aren't really measuring the Alpha or the Beta. You're measuring the gamma photon released at the end of both Alpha and Beta decay modes where the daughter stabilizes by releasing a gamma Photon. This has nothing to do with ingesting those same Alpha and Beta particles that get trapped inside your body to release a certain MeV at the point of decay and a high energy gamma so the daughter stabilizes. For anything internal we must switch back to the Linear No threshold that deals with low dose long term internal exposures as I just explained and not just the external gamma photon exposures the system you just explained. Both systems can be useful but much less so the one you are teaching of the high whole body dose of high energy gamma collisions with matter. Petkau affect. Have you ever heard of the Linear No threshold hypothesis before and if so what is your thoughts on why it isn't being used? Thank you Dr. For your time.
@dr.paulinemoyaert2 жыл бұрын
Hi Paul, this video is intended for students who want to know the basics of radiation units. I've had many positive comments about this video, so I don't think it is a problem that I'm only using one theory and not both.
@paulmobleyscience2 жыл бұрын
@@dr.paulinemoyaert Absolutely mam, please don't get me wrong here. It's the system that was made not any one person. I am trying to help educators and Dr. alike to understand the boat we are all in and want to share my knowledge with as many honest, kind people that I meet everyday and you're definetly one of those people. I respect you whole heartedly and only want to help where I think it would do the most good for the most people. I am in service always mam, including serving my country amd will continue until I am no longer able to. Thank you for your time mam
@manjulatakumbhar9531 Жыл бұрын
Thank you so much ❤ it was very hard to understand but now I understood something
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
Glad it helped! Good luck!
@bbadrmoon6 ай бұрын
Thank you soooo much Dr. Paulien
@Denizinbiri Жыл бұрын
Thank you so much ! simple, clean and really helpfull
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
Glad it helped!😍
@hafizahtashamulhassan8658Ай бұрын
Excellent 😇
@sheviper4 ай бұрын
Thank you so much for your video!
@dwightsbeats4274 Жыл бұрын
Amazing Explanation! Thanks!
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
You're very welcome! 😊
@brettnelson6854Ай бұрын
Amazing video
@wallomaie17522 жыл бұрын
I love this. Best video on the subject. Why did you use 0.03 in the calculation but the thyroid was grouped under 0.04 in the table?
@dr.paulinemoyaert2 жыл бұрын
Hi Wallo Maie, thank you for your comment. I'm sorry for this confusion, I don't exactly remember why I used two different numbers, but I think because I used two different sources. The tissue weighting factor for the thyroid is between 0.03 and 0.05 - depending on the source. Hope this helps and thank you for pointing this out. (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK158810/table/T50/)
@oreadeboye4506 Жыл бұрын
Wonderful explanation! Thank you.
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
You're very welcome! 😊
@nhbmk11 ай бұрын
Very useful info, thank you!!!!
@farukapece Жыл бұрын
Thanks for your nice explanation.
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
Glad it was helpful, Omar. Thank you! 😊
@traywaters1575 Жыл бұрын
Great video! You’re awesome
@richfarish3 ай бұрын
Hi, thank you very much for doing this videos, they have made learning so much easier than reading text books. Just got a query though (although admittedly I am probably being really stupid), in the example you give in this film for the Thyroid examination, you give the tW as 0.03 whereas on the table on the previous slides it shows it as 0.04, also at the end of the calculation the 0.03 is multiplied by 10, but that gives 0.3 not 0.03? Sorry if I have missed something really obvious!!
@seemabsafdar8846 Жыл бұрын
Loved the videos, kindly make a detailed video on renal imaging plz
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
Thank you, Seemab! 😊
@Mavrick27872 жыл бұрын
Im in online courses and was given multiple online resources to try and answer some questions. This single video explained equivalent dose far better than my supplied sources. Thank you for this
@dr.paulinemoyaert2 жыл бұрын
Thank you Daniel! 😊🤩
@mohamedahmedization2 жыл бұрын
Perfect informative video, thanks.
@dr.paulinemoyaert2 жыл бұрын
Thank you, Mohammed 😊
@breakthroughline3328 Жыл бұрын
Hi Dr. Paulien, thanks for the explanation. Can you explain the estimated fetal exposure? Thanks
@noramohamad66568 ай бұрын
Very helpful thank you ❤
@purnipity11 ай бұрын
Thank you so much! As a radiography student I was going crazy trying to figure out the differences between these measurements. Question though - what is air kerma in relation to the three? It almost sounds the same as Gray(Gy).
@dr.paulinemoyaert11 ай бұрын
Hi! Thanks for your comment. Glad to hear my video helped. Absorbed dose and kerma are very related concepts. - Absorbed dose (Gy) specifically accounts for the energy deposited in the absorbing material and considers ALL types of ionizing radiation (photons, electrons, protons, etc.). - KERMA (Gy) focuses on the energy transferred from the incident radiation to charged particles (usually electrons) within the material. It doesn't account for the energy carried away by the secondary particles (e.g., scattered photons). So in short, absorbed dose tells you how much total energy is absorbed, including what the material itself absorbs. Kerma is more about the INITIAL energy release in the material, specifically to charged particles, without considering what happens to that energy afterward. Both are measured in grays. I understand the confusion, I have to admit that I don't understand it completely myself :-). If someone has a better explanation, please shoot!
@shrouqz8008 Жыл бұрын
Thank you so much doc!
@andrewpetersadler11 ай бұрын
I understand this now!! At last!
@siputsedutism Жыл бұрын
Thanks alot Dr 😍😍😍
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
You're very welcome! 😊
@manasagrawal08 Жыл бұрын
Very Informative
@digitalrt15 ай бұрын
Great video. Why does exposure only take into account x- or gamma rays, not particles (alpha, beta, etc.)?
@riccardovita3296 Жыл бұрын
The exposure is the quantity of ion produced by a X or gamma radiation in air, including the ion produced by secondary particles.
@insafhoodanm52 Жыл бұрын
Thank you for sharing
@kamrazi5 ай бұрын
Very useful
@dominykaszakrys33735 ай бұрын
Thank you Paulien! On my way to Chernobyl 🙂
@sumanthmadivala91172 жыл бұрын
Hey Dr. Paulien, thanks for such an informative video. May I know the sources of this video. Which books you are referred to make this video??
@dr.paulinemoyaert2 жыл бұрын
Hi Sumanth, I used mainly Dutch books to make this video. I also used google scholar (more scientific background) + some website that I found via a simple google search. I wish I could give you more information, I made this video more than a year ago and I didn't keep my script. However, I'm planning on making an updated version of this video and I'll make sure that I include all my sources.
@maleeshapriyanjana7604 Жыл бұрын
Great video
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
Thank you 😊
@mohamedmoeen1527 Жыл бұрын
Thanks for your explanation , I wanna ask if there's another explanation for the laws of these quantities
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
I don't really understand your question. If you want another explanation, maybe watch another youtube video? Or google it? 😉
@sabahathfatima34Ай бұрын
Thank you doc
@kvsalahuddin5 Жыл бұрын
Thank you 🙂
@Bob-yl9pm2 ай бұрын
It's fascinating how nuclei can have a stable balance of neutron to proton ratio, anything else is unstable (radioactive)
@Bob-yl9pm2 ай бұрын
I'm a chemistry major, and I'm still amazed!
@Bob-yl9pm2 ай бұрын
A million times more energetic than sharing electrons (chemical bonds)
@Twittershortsofficials10 ай бұрын
Superb ❤.....from India
@AhmadRaza-rc5wu7 ай бұрын
Again nicely done Doc Kindly also help me out
@gentlefistinfinity97808 ай бұрын
Thank you, too.
@Sara_didar Жыл бұрын
Thank you so much
@calebmathew8978 Жыл бұрын
so helpful!
@mahdjoubsofiane40057 ай бұрын
Do you mean that all types of radiation used in medicine diagnostics have the same weight factor ?! And therefore we can say 1msv = 1mGy
@Tabarekoday2 жыл бұрын
Finally 🎉🎉
@noonereallyknows664311 ай бұрын
Hello ! Thank you for the informative video. I'm confused at 4:30 part where you compare 1SV of alpha vs 1SV of beta radiation. Alpha radiation does 20 x more biological damage than beta, but then you proceed to say that 1SV of each type of radiation has same biological effect. I'm confused which one is it?
@dr.paulinemoyaert11 ай бұрын
Hi! I'm so sorry, but it's been a while since I made this video, and there might be a few mistakes in it - my bad. I apologize for any confusion caused. I'm planning on updating this video soon. To clarify, while it's true that alpha radiation causes about 20 times more biological damage than beta radiation on a per-hit basis, when we talk about sieverts (SV), we consider not only the type of radiation but also the biological impact, tissue sensitivity, and the potential for harm. The Sievert is a unit that takes into account the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of different types of radiation. So, when I mentioned that 1 SV of alpha and 1 SV of beta radiation have the same biological effect, I meant that the dose in sieverts considers the varying levels of damage caused by each type of radiation. (Although 1 SV of alpha is equivalent to 1 SV of beta radiation, you'd need to give a much higher dose in gray of beta radiation to achieve the same effect). I hope this helps!
@noonereallyknows664311 ай бұрын
@@dr.paulinemoyaertThank you for your response! I think I now understand what you are trying to say. To clarify in simplest terms possible, 1SV of alpha and 1SV of beta radiation refer to the exact same absorbed dose measured in Sieverts on the same tissue type. So for the sake of the comparison and visualization, in order to compare and get to the same level of biological effect (in terms of potential to harm) on same tissue type, the beta radiation would have to include much higher mGy dose because of its weighting factor of 1 to have the same potential to harm the tissue as alpha radiation with weighting factor of 20?
@kca698Ай бұрын
The standardized international ionizing radiation symbol has the three blade segments equidistant from a central circle, with the shapes in black on a yellow background. -defined by the IAEA and ISO. fyi for your thumbnail
@niveslesandric83392 жыл бұрын
Hello, i have one question. Im med student and in my book it is said that apsorbed dose = f x exposed dose. It is said that factor f depends on type of apsorber but nothing more. What is factor f? And also it is said that exposed dose is dose which patient is exposed because of the ionisation of the mass of the air (C/kg) and apsorbed dose is dose that is in the patient (J/kg). So, how can apsorbed dose be larger number than exposed dose - we multiply exposed dose with factor f?
@dr.paulinemoyaert2 жыл бұрын
Hi Nives, I wish I could help you but it's been a long time since I've studied this and I have to admit that I've forgotten most of what I've learned about this. I won't be able to help you. I hope someone else who watches this video can help you. I'm really sorry.
@slim123jim Жыл бұрын
Shouldn’t the effective dose be 0.3 mSV ??
@natashamontague454110 ай бұрын
Thank you
@Korystuwatch4211 ай бұрын
*How the equivalent dose takes different tissues into account?* Do you mean tissues-organs or tissues-matter(like water)? Because if you want to get the equivalent dose, you just take the Absorbed dose and combine it with the radiation type weighting factor, thats all, isn`t it? Or maybe you mean that equivalent dose is an "advanced" absorbed dose where you take exposure and multiply it by the "matter absorbtion factor" and by the radiation type weighting factor. I mean if I want to convert absorbed dose to the equivanlent dose I dont have to take any tissue into account, because again I already have the absorbed dose?
@bananas8779 Жыл бұрын
I asked the radiologist how much radiation I received in my head CT scan and they said they used 40mGy. That freaked me out but now I understand that they were referring to the the absorbed dose. With that information what do you surmise the effective dose could have been?
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
I'm sorry, I don't know what the effective dose would have been. What I can say is that you shouldn't worry to much about the radiation dose of a head CT scan, it's absolutely not that much.
@kheira5137 Жыл бұрын
THANKS
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
Thank you, Khei
@shakhawansalih5601 Жыл бұрын
Very nice explanation
@farahfaik-v2s11 ай бұрын
Thankyou
@İlka1onn2 ай бұрын
3.6 roentgen not good not terrible
@KamarEzzemene7 ай бұрын
Thankuu
@noodlesthe1st Жыл бұрын
Still trying to figure out what air Kerma is. Hmm...
@kaceywhodat11 ай бұрын
I still don't get it
@sugablade28627 ай бұрын
Im crying my eyes out, 8 hours and still don't get it
@ammaralyousef82565 күн бұрын
Not your fault
@omaarrioo2 жыл бұрын
The effective dose = 10 x 0.03 which is equal to 0.3 mSv not 0.03
@dr.paulinemoyaert2 жыл бұрын
Thank you! That is a mistake, indeed.
@leewilliam3417 Жыл бұрын
Mmmmmm😊
@birhesap_10 ай бұрын
🇦🇿👍🙏🙏🙏
@borisbellone5833 Жыл бұрын
Una radiografia con la pechblenda di marie curie kzbin.info/www/bejne/infMZpWCp8d1gJY
@dr.paulinemoyaert Жыл бұрын
👍
@AwatifBakali8 ай бұрын
Incredible video. Thank you so much for you efforts