References in C++ Explained

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@Messiah Atticus Hehe nice scam

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You described my last week so well.

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I've been like this since C I'm here to stop my confusion about pointers

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If this was your future, YOU would carve it for yourself.

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Thanks Caleb, I've been following your C++ Tutorial way back 2019 because you are a great teacher, you saved me a lot.

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I've been looking for a follow up to his C++ course. Any suggestions?

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@@rohanarya5400 get working on eulerprojects Github and Codeforces. You could get a reading on the book 'code'.

[@MrMcgrizz]

Thanks for the great explanation! I am new to C++ and needed to understand this, and also the part after 13:00 was very informative and useful!

[@llllllllll5119]

I've been struggling for weeks trying to understand this and pointers and you literally got it to click in 15mins. You're amazing, subscribed.

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This is the first time any C++ concepts really started to "click". Bro, keep up the good work! Thank you for your help!

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Commenting for Yt algorithm

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Every time I have a technical interview, I watch this video again. But this time was different. Something clicked in my mind 🤯 Thanks, Caleb! I've followed you since you started the channel, and I've learned so much from you. Thanks a lot, man!

[@nilupulperera]

Wow, Caleb! Thank you so much for starting this series. I am in the middle of your first series of C++. That series is really awesome. I like your teaching style. You are a great teacher. I found you concluded the previous series a little short. I am delighted to see this intermediate series is started. Kindly continue this series. Your series is really helpful.

[@okkami676]

QUESTION: 7:58 to 8:04....doesn't "int &x" at the function refer to the 'address' of 'a' rather than the 'value ' of a ( ie '5')? That is, when we call the function, aren't we passing in the "address of a" rather than the "value of a"?

[@masheroz]

How I think of it working is: when you call work(a), internally the program is saying int & x = a; and then doing the things on x. I need to retrain my brain on how the function arguments work from my Java days, but the 'int' is always correct, and says that the function expects an integer. If it is 'int & x', it will get a reference to an integer, and if it is 'int * x' it will get a pointer to an integer.

[@skypuff]

Did you play the clip? 😂😂 Man I love his vids. You can't be bored to death.

[@cruellnat]

Because it is very simple... which is why we need to talk about it. 😂

[@mordicai4296]

Thank you Caleb! I'm in a C++ bootcamp and your channel has taken me from failing to an A!

[@AKTSR444]

this is great. Now I got it. My prof sucks. He mixed pointer and ref and totally confused us.

[@RakeshSharma-p2o]

You're truly the best coolest teacher i have ever seen in my life

[@AK-vx4dy]

I didn't expect that C++ lesson on blackboard can be so good, excellent job

[@magicdragon9621]

Wish I found this video sooner. After 4 hours of trying to understand this concept I finally get it haha. Thanks!

[@Diamond_Hanz]

Crazy. I was reviewing this earlier! Keep it up!

[@skypuff]

This was a wonderful video. I'll be patiently waiting for more.

[@nicholasmaniccia1005]

Nice, idk if you explained it really well or if after playing with references and coming back to an explanation was the final thing to make me understand this concept, but I feel like I finally get it.

[@ChadTower]

Love this video, he really does explain it far better than the course material in the 300 level undergrad course I'm currently taking. Also... LEEEEEEEEROYY JENNNNNNNNKINS

[@TomtheMagician21]

At 13:30, what if you did like &b = &c? Would that work or can you only assign b directly and not it's address?

[@silentcal275]

Thanks for this. POinters feels like a game of inception in my head. Especially when it comes to pointers to pointers

[@THATREISGUY14]

Love your teaching method and your comedy sprinkled throughout! Thanks man!

[@Zimbob2424]

Just finished the beginner series and didn't this you did more, glad I searched.

[@griffontheorist6975]

I was struggling for way too long why "int& myVar" and "int &myVar" popped up inconstantly. Thank you so much for pointing this out

[@Basedmarv]

10:35 troll joke made me chuckle out loud, great video!

[@azrflourish9032]

the way you teach is very effective and easy to understand. Thank you!

[@jacobpickos733]

Bro. You're a beast. This is just what I was looking for.

[@ShayanShahmohammadi-l3s]

Thanks a lot❤ Finally, I figured out what references are in cpp.

[@ebrar2536]

for the first time ever i actually understood the references

[@anon343]

Thank you for explaining the memory efficiency of references, I like to know why code is "best practise"

[@mykalesalad]

This was incredibly helpful, thank you for the detailed explanations!

[@shashanksharma21]

this is awesome! thank you so much for creating these illuminating lectures !

[@Ab-zq2ye]

Young and Intelligent Your the best teacher Caleb. From Ethiopia

[@heshansandeepa6387]

This can't be explained better than this. Top notch

[@lucasmuller7179]

"But no... you just got trolled" I almost spit my coffee

[@-kindredeternalhunter9907]

12:05, I still don't get it, what if i just write "void swap (x,y)" in the first line ? btw, ur vid is just so clear, i can understand most of it quite ezly, i just dont get the idea of benefit when using it and the question above, why should i assign reference to a var when i can just call it directly ? Thank you :))

[@jennims2885]

Hi, I may not be the best person to answer but I'm gonna try... So, if x and y are global variables then you can easily do that, but if the function is separated from the variables and they are not global then you need to pass them through parameters, that's where the references come handy because you can actually change the variable itself and not just make a copy when you call the function. Hope this helps

[@-kindredeternalhunter9907]

@@jennims2885 so ur idea is if i pass (int &x) what happen inside the func will change x actually, and if i pass (int x) , func will only use x for calculate and after the func is called, x return to its before func calling value ?

[@jennims2885]

@@-kindredeternalhunter9907 yes, the function just makes a copy of the variable to use it inside the function, it will not change the variable itself; once the function ends, the copy gets erased. So for example, if you want to make a void function that can't return anything you will not be able to change the variable itself, the only way to do so is by using references.

[@-kindredeternalhunter9907]

@@jennims2885 finally i got it, thank you !!

[@jennims2885]

@@-kindredeternalhunter9907 Glad I could help ^-^

[@marcellodelfiore1361]

this video is actually fantastic, thank you so much, i appreciate your work, keep it up and good luck with everything :D

[@pacocarrion7869]

Few basic examples to remember: void work (x){return x;} // No reference void work (&x){return x;} // Argument reference void& work (x){return x;} // Function reference void& work (&x){return x;} // Argument + Function reference int& a=b; reference variable to variables int&& ref=work(x); reference from function (without reference) to variable int& ref=work(x); reference from function (with reference) to variable

[@christianalvarado528]

4:28 I actually thought all this time that this were 3 completely different things. And it's just a variation in writing.

[@isaacchen3857]

"Maybe that's a bit more depth than you need for this introductory video" Nope. Not for me, at least. That last detail you went over was super helpful. Thank you for the great video!

[@monkeyrobotsinc.9875]

You are a great instructor.

[@akarcel]

Best caleb in the world 👍❤️

[@harismasoom6634]

i am in love with your teaching style.

[@Ajcmaster]

Great explanation Caleb! Awesome. Way to go!

[@jakubdzwigacz4563]

so far the best explonation i could find

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You're literally the best, thank you so much!

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I hate this dude when i was noob but still want to see this dude

[@AshShawwa]

After watching this video I have two things to say: 1 - thank you, your explanation is heaven sent and 2 - after your Leeroy Jenkins comment, I gotta ask. You play WoW, because if you do were gaming 😂

[@mellow_frequencies]

You make learning this like 10 times more fun, i apprecieate it!

[@gremjo8409]

Great video! Exactly the explanation I was searching for

[@StopRemindingMeOfThoseDays]

So basically a reference is like a desktop shortcut for an exe application.

[@arkapravaghosh4594]

This was such a great video all sorts of confusion got cleared so well. Thanks brother.

[@navaerick86]

you explain things the best ive seen. thanks

[@smrtfasizmu6161]

I got problems but I had problems with understanding reference. It seems to me like reference is sometimes treated as a memory address but then you can also treat them as normal variables. When it comes to pointers it is clear when that you always have a memory adress and if you want to see what is on that memory address, or change what is on that memory address, you deference the pointer by putting a * in front of the pointer. These references are a little bit confusing because they sometimes act as pointers and they sometimes act as normal variables. I don't see why I can't just replace references with pointers. For instance the function swap would go like this. void swap(int* a, int* b) { int temp = *a; *a = *b; *b = temp; } Also, when you use pointers as arguments of a function you know you are passing memory addresses to the function so you expect that the function might change the variables whose addresses you are passing. I find pointers more clear and understandable than references.

[@iutubgugal5566]

Thank you! This was well detailed and clear.

[@ARANDOMOPENAIUSER]

1:41 9:40

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I like the technique of your teaching. Really it's a great tutorial man

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Thanks Caleb.you are an amazing teacher.

[@dylanjackson7325]

concise and clear. thanks dude

[@marcusantenor793]

there is no love it button, so i will type. Love it, thanks a lot.

[@Captain_Rhodes]

Nice video. I like how you dont write any code on a computer. makes it better

[@jason27kboy]

Just finished the last series and I really hope this is the start of part 2

[@karimmuhammad7051]

this is mean, reference is not a new variable refer to specific place in memory? it is the variable which it refer to??!! so this is not add on size of memory one place! right?

[@ddimwhite4638]

Bravo! Thank you.

[@erfanelmtalab3426]

I love the way that you write & diffrent in every time😂😂

[@thatgirl7650]

Thank you so much ✨

[@jpenneymrcoin6851]

hey beginners - if you want a simple explanation, here it is. when you name a variable, the compiler makes a table with that variable name in one column and a number in another column. the number is what you get when you use a reference. the number is an address in whatever memory space is in use - you don't have to worry about that, the linker handles physical placement. once you have the number stored, you can write to or read from memory. now, slightly more complex is that you can also do pointer math and move around in memory on your own, reading and writing things that may not have a variable name associated with them. So you can say "go to the spot where variable a is, then advance 2 bytes in memory and write a 3 there" that allows you kind of direct access to the memory space. there you go - 15 minutes saved for those of you who don't need so much hand holding.

[@draqaah]

He what did he type looks 8 or & idk what he type

[@higiniofuentes2551]

Thank you for this very useful video!

[@jeyosman1]

how can we use pointer to reference like this (int *& a)

[@TomtheMagician21]

This is a great video and I understand references and pointers now (from your other video). However, I could change the variables that were passed in as parameters even without references. For example (in C++ still because I've been learning for 2 days so far lol): void Swap(int x, int y) { int temp = x x = y y = temp } And that works fine so 🤷

[@flyingspaghettimonster8612]

its not the same as he said in this case x and y would be a copy of the values you passed, the variables outside the fuction will still be the same even if you change the values in x and y

[@TomtheMagician21]

@@flyingspaghettimonster8612 Oh ok thank you, would I need to create a reference inside the function then and then change the value of that reference? That's pretty cool

[@AFourEyedGeek]

Nice! Thank you for this.

[@ECEPAZHANIMURUGANSIVAP]

your r great... such a simple and clear explantion /////

[@DonaldMurf]

Thanks man. You helped me a lot.

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Dude you are on fire today.

[@ddkan_9982]

just perfect ! thank you!!

[@Meridian-lk2fo]

Very well explained!

[@audiodiwhy2195]

Good tutorial. Thanks.

[@tomitomi7941]

Great video, thank you man

[@msingizanengwenya6707]

IS THE USE OF "&" SAME AS WHEN YOU USE IT I EXCEL?

[@xcalimburdeveloper3929]

Wait, is this C++ series part 2

[@lexuthelexer1212]

kinda

[@xcalimburdeveloper3929]

@@lexuthelexer1212 ok thanks

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Hey can you make something on typescript

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Frankly it is very difficult to give my comments to anybody but you deserved highly top and your flag is great I am still can't find thanking words for long time being misunderstood.

[@7s9n]

Thanks caleb 💛

[@juniorlucival]

A reference (ref) does not occupy memory space, cannot be null, and cannot be modified. Attention!!!

[@qtprogramming]

you make it sound easy

[@krup9898]

Thank you very much. God bless!!!

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exactly what i looking for!

[@Mohamed-Maghrebi]

Thank you well explained

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Great video!!!

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This is FUN-THEN-MENTAL (fudamental)

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Is there a playlist for these videos so I can watch them in order?

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you can just enter to the channel and then go to playlists, so you can find it as a playlist of arranged videos

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This is awesome !

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Dude you own.

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I wish i Saw this video at the beginning of the semester😭

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Thanks for the tips

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Where is Embarcadero? : (

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Yeah bro, if I make any serious amount of success, you're getting a fat check. You deserve my money more than my university does.