Reflex action class 12 biology in Pashto| Reflex Arc| MDCAT Biology

Aslam O Alekum dear students, welcome to my KZbin channel ‪@Ziatutorials‬. In this video you will learn the reflex action and its pathway reflex arc of class 12 MDCAT Biology.
Reflex Actions and Reflex Arc:
Reflex Action:
A rapid, automatic response to a stimulus that involves the nervous system.
Characteristics:
1. Involuntary: Not under conscious control.
2. Automatic: Occurs without thinking.
3. Rapid: Fast response time.
4. Specific: Consistent response to a specific stimulus.
Reflex Arc:
The neural pathway responsible for transmitting and processing reflex actions.
Components:
1. Sensory Receptor: Detects stimulus (e.g., touch, pressure).
2. Afferent Neuron: Transmits signal from receptor to spinal cord/brain.
3. Interneuron: Processes signal in spinal cord/brain.
4. Efferent Neuron: Transmits signal from spinal cord/brain to effector.
5. Effector: Responds to signal (e.g., muscle contraction).
Reflex Arc Steps:
1. Stimulus detection
2. Signal transmission (afferent neuron)
3. Signal processing (interneuron)
4. Response transmission (efferent neuron)
5. Response execution (effector)
Examples:
1. Withdrawal reflex (hand from hot surface)
2. Knee-jerk reflex
3. Blink reflex
4. Swallowing reflex
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