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The decree of Nicholas I on the exile of the Dukhobors from Melitopol district to Transcaucasia was issued in 1839. The resettlement process, however, was delayed due to the lack of land. According to the decree, those who testified in court that they did not want to renounce their faith were to be expelled. Those who converted to Orthodoxy were allowed to remain in their former places. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 217 Dukhobors asked to renounce their religion and convert to Orthodoxy.
The exile and subsequent relocation of Dukhobors to Transcaucasia was divided into three stages. In the first stage, which started in 1841, the Akhalkalaki district in the Georgian-Imereti province in what is now Georgia, was chosen as the place of settlement. It was planned to move up to four thousand people or 80 families a year. The first group of 773 Dukhobors reached Tbilisi only on September 1, 1841. The whole resettlement process lasted until 1845.