Rethinking the First Americans. Presented by Wilson “Dub” Crook

Who are the first Americans? In the 1920s and 30s, discoveries made near Clovis, NM suggested a prehistoric Paleo-Indian culture that dates back nearly 13,200 years ago. But new evidence may actually point to Texas as a possible origin. Archaeologist Wilson W. "Dub" Crook has found that may just change the way we see history.
March 19, 2015

[@tracyjames2046]

i love nothing as much as hearing an academic in archeology say he doesnt know the whole story and that we should not decide that we do. the honesty is refreshing!

[@houkikker136]

Except he mocks a theory that isn't supported by the mainstream academia. A theory that is based on oral histories of native American and other ancient tribes from around the world, as well as written histories of ancient peoples like the Samarians, Jews, Byzantines and Hindi's just to name a few. This aspect of the scientific approach within archeology has always been an issue. He even complained early on about how certain Archeologists would do everything they could to discredit anyone who challenged their theories, yet he is being hypocritical for claiming that the Ancient Aliens theory is a joke or a false hood, I personally don't believe that particular theory, but I don't discredit based on biases from my academic learnings. There are plausible cases written down and passed on in oral traditions of some other intelligence influencing our ancient past. Whether it be a previously unknown ancient civilization that was light years ahead of every one else including our current level of technological achievements or they are actually aliens; I don't know. what I do know is I'm not ignorant enough to blow it off as someone's over active imagination.

[@stevelorenz6091]

AAAAAMEN

[@ianmarsden8568]

Yes, isn't it?

[@JUSGREG]

but there is a mountain of anthropological evidence that proves the African Americans are the aboriginals of this land, enjoy your free lunch while you can.

[@kahe224]

ABSOLUTELY 👍🏾

[@steveperry1344]

i wish my dad was around to see videos like this, he was really interested in this study of early mankind in america.

[@BuickDoc]

This shows the value of the internet: it looks like maybe 30 people were in the audience to witness live this presentation. On this date 174,000 people have seen it on the internet. That is amazing!

[@jarretjordan3837]

180k now!!

[@1414141x]

Totally agree. The internet is such a fantastic tool for finding out information. And i think KZbin is the best. Whatever you are interested in you can find out more information about it on KZbin. Not only that but watch people show how they do things, and their thoughts on things. It is amazing - I have learnt so much since I found out how to use the internet !

[@pestleman1951]

@@jarretjordan3837 193K now.

[@robbyf5885]

Nice presentation... for a guy who had his degree rescinded for fabricating data in his master's thesis. Over 200k viewers and counting.

[@Whistlewalk]

From their incredible reaction to the high points in the presentation they may well have be mannequins.

[@rockinbobokkin7831]

He makes an excellent point at the beginning of the lecture: Don't hold on so tight to these theories. Be flexible. New evidence can pop up any day and change the whole thing.

[@andrewmantle7627]

It often is ignored or discredited because it is threatening to dogma.

[@stevegarcia3731]

And that's the way it SHOULD be. Follow where the facts take us.

[@bob_frazier]

But the science is settled. 😉

[@JP247thatjusthappend]

Until we have a time machine this kind of science will always be fluid and will never take shape. Should these finds be ignored? Never! But to come to a conclusion would not be Fact but only a theory. Very interesting thank you.

[@mortimerschnerd3846]

The physics community should be made aware of this fact. They STILL labor under their precious DOGMA!

[@zzbudzz]

My uncle found a beautiful Clovis spear point in Central VA. He found it in the swamp area of Chesdin lake on the Appomattox river while metal detecting . The whole swamp area was dried out due to a long drought as he was walking almost stepped on it. The spear point was about 8 inch's long and had the red on like he described in this video. It was really thin,still very sharp and unbroken. He took it to a local university and they claimed it was around 8,000 years old! They wanted to buy it from him.

[@tamivega6225]

At last! This has been my complaint for decades! How ridiculous to say "The oldest city in the world" when it is easy to say "oldest KNOWN city"! I hope this starts a change.

[@alphalunamare]

I must say that this is probably one of the best and most honest Scientific Presentations I have ever witnessed.

[@garymingy8671]

Well done , professional , it's improper to press forward his dad's ideas , science isent about cult of personality , yet ,ok I like that he's a mineralogy ist ,that I can check , I do geology , he's promoting his book , it's good data .

[@Blox_fruit_master1]

Brian, this is not Honest, why did he not mention Africa WHY.

[@norml.hugh-mann]

​@@Blox_fruit_master1 because it's about the peopleing of the americas

[@DUCKSAREEVILLLLLLLL]

He didn't mention Australia either.

[@ReolSPro]

i just remembered how much i hated how history was tought to us in school - today i love it when its presented to me like this

[@1foolishcaribou195]

School might have wanted you just to repeat something, not learn something

[@jbrownelf59]

They still teach history

[@lumberpilot]

I found a perfectly shaped white quartz arrowhead in Rhode Island many years ago. I still remember how the craftsmanship really impressed me. I mean it was perfectly proportioned. A true work of art.

[@nedjenkins5755]

Excellent!

[@suprsnips]

` I found a perfect spearpoint in Ohio in 1952. I lost it when the house burned.

[@metaldetectingengland]

Hi guys we found a neolithic flint axe head .10.000 years old its in our play list if you want to see it .

[@frankparrish5657]

@@metaldetectingengland 15 years of Archaeology and I only ever found one ground polished granite axe, on the talus slope leading up to an Anasazi ruin in Bears Ears National Park, before it was a park. It is still there.

[@desertsage3811]

Jealous!! Lol Iv been looking for years in all the "right" places. Going to keep up the search.

[@sidilicious11]

I’m so glad we can admit we don’t know everything yet.

[@frankoramerez4536]

we knew more before the era of "modernity"

[@randomconsumer4494]

Look at Egyptology and say that 😜

[@cincomithell]

it kills me how absolute some folks can be about history when we are excavating WWI battle sites cause we don’t know what happened there anymore

[@teresaoconnell4790]

Ok, I have to comment. In 1987 I lived in Texas. A neighbor found a cache of 16 of these long, beautiful stone spear points, 8-10 inches long. They all had different shapes. This was in Comal County. I held them in my hands.I knew I was looking at and touching something so ancient.

[@mimiv3088]

Were they covered with ochre? If so probably ceremonial points. Not something they actually hunted with due to their size. Caches are found all in the Americas and down into South America. Too big in size to be a useful tool. I lived in Austin Texas and in copperas cove we had a friend with private dig and found beautiful black glass bird points.

[@gritz4jzz]

Unless maybe they were of a giant race..very old.

[@stevegarcia3731]

I envy you that. I have held a large, very wide point and thought it was Clovis, but then I could find nothing online to say yes or no. In this video he shows one wide point that is VERY much like the one I saw.

[@woodsy3495]

Comal county is a treasure trove of archeological evidence. Sadly, many of the most significant sights have been ravaged by local poachers capitalizing on long held secret places.

[@luparabianca229]

I am saddened at the lack of audience that should be interested in the history of their country. It was very educational talk and shows that history cannot be learned from reading a single book. Grazie.

[@thestereoclub6735]

Well worth watching to the very end. I have never understood the reluctance of scientists to acknowledge that human history is far from simple, not only in North America, but on every continent. This talk will expose you to lots of questions, and avoids the simple answers- highly recommended.

[@worthdoss8043]

I wish I had a time machine so I could go back and see what the truth really was.

[@twilajohnson2313]

Worth Doss me too

[@SULLIEDASP]

Well if one book ever proven true it has story's of how it was but if true and you came back most people would not believe you.

[@robertsabharwal9787]

Read the Urantia Book.

[@SULLIEDASP]

If one book is true you would have the history of the first american's with Florida dating at lest 15,000 year's ago 500 BC. Witch line's up with the book of Mormon the Nephies. If true if you was to go back in time don't stay with the after 500 AD. They all got killed off by there brother's the Lamanites. Not all of them but some might be the brothers of the Nephies. want is now know as native american's.

[@carolinesmith1]

Unfortunately no one would believe you even if you came back with video. Goes against the narrative.

[@brucewilson1958]

You are well educated and you are an excellent communicator. Logical. Comprehensive but not overly complex. Very well done. Bravo.

[@adeshwodan4679]

Isn’t it obvious there were dozens of “ancient” cultures prolly over a 100,000 years of occupation.

[@buzzpatch2294]

wow! thanks- i seriously looked into entering this field 70 years ago but saw too many saw stogy closed intellects carefully guarding their little niches and controlling the job market. it is heart warming to see how much scholarship and investigation of these finds has opened up. i came upon this by accident it was a great presentation. thank you again

[@williamlake6151]

Great presentation. Your years of understanding ring through. Just an amateur rock enthusiast who dreadfully cower at the mercy of archeologist ,and anthropologists when their minds snap shut against anything that our historian have chose to bury and or ignore. I was able to expierience the nonsense your father had to endure second hand. Some 25 to 30 years have went by until I revisited bourgmonts fort near van meter state park and the arch anthr university and museum people want no parts of bourgmonts fort. Absurd to imagine history ignored. You my friend are a brave soul to make a stand. Looking forward to your book.

[@WayneTheSeine]

Great lecture. My brother found a beautiful Clovis point in Western Louisiana on the edge of the Toledo Bend construction area before it was filled. It is a perfect example of Clovis.

[@LeeJamison100]

People don't attack heretics because they love the truth. They attack them because they threaten the plotlines of a story that gives them power..

[@ambulocetusnatans]

Just because they called Gallileo a nut doesn't mean that every nut is a Gallileo.

[@GetALife4680]

Absolutely, thanks for putting it so clearly...follow the money.

[@jackkessler9876]

@@GetALife4680 But what if the people maintaining their power are not white European males? Then your theory cannot possibly be true......

[@GetALife4680]

@@jackkessler9876 They would have their peons, I dont understand what difference a race makes. Control is via currency...power comes from control.

[@soulscanner66]

@@GetALife4680 Three posts for this thread to go downhill. For racists, race is the first thing they always think about and hence the first thing they mention on KZbin comments. They just can't control themselves.

[@1414141x]

I don't understand how clever people can declare 'this is the oldest !'. Instead of 'I believe this the oldest we have found so far ' And rather than attacking someone who claims they have found something older, they should be excited and curious about and offer the finder their support. What a waste of energy being negative and condemnatory.

[@cedarhatt5991]

Very common in academia, blustering fools with bloated egos. Humanity is heavily infiltrated with prattling parasites that contribute nothing but trouble to the human cause, thieving, lying, murder, and loudly accusing and virtue signaling make them easy to spot, millions fill the halls of government, research, and education, They set us back thousands of years and almost certainly will cause early extinction of life on earth.

[@mpetersen6]

I actually live within 15 miles of the Wisconsin sites mentioned. Eventually I think we are going to find out the history of people in the Americas is much more complex than thought even 30 years ago.

[@stevegarcia3731]

It is. They need to stop making assumptions and realize that they simply have inadequate evidence so far to make those assumptions and overall scenarios. Even 250 years from now they won't have enough. The evidence is REALLY quite sparse, but that doesn't stop them from trying to ace each other out with their premature hypotheses. I understand the competition for primacy on any hypothesis - but the science suffers from the academic pressures.

[@aryanstreet9980]

@@stevegarcia3731 it's irresponsible of them.

[@rhondasisco-cleveland2665]

My family is from Tennessee and I believe my father found a Clovis hammer point. I was shocked.

[@aryanstreet9980]

@@rhondasisco-cleveland2665 That's SO cool

[@arthurtrauer5684]

mpetersen6 I agree and suspect close to shore seafaring will be a big part of that. Much of the evidence of early American habitation might very well be underwater do to sea level rise after the last great ice age, but that is as yet undetermined. Take care.

[@Apanakhi]

Thank you for treating paleoindians with respect. /Thank you, too, for clarifying pre-Clovis research. I am very grateful.

[@timgullicksen2488]

Great presentation. I really appreciate his being open minded, but keeping his conclusions very evidence based.

[@kickapootrackers7255]

Exactly. Facts only, like this guy. Much older cultures all over americas.

[@Blox_fruit_master1]

How did the Olmec get to America

[@allanbrogdon3078]

I am from Grapevine,In about 79 or 80, a flood washed away down to bedrock below the spillway and 3 good dinosaur tracks were revealed. I remember hearing rumors that construction of roads was held up for artifacts so often the workers usually didn't report them the job site would be shut down.

[@Littlewolf13]

Excellent presentation! Personable & enjoyable -quite educational as well. Glad I watched it!

[@johncronin2999]

One of the best public speakers on this topic I've seen yet.

[@oldladywhocares3223]

When I was a little girl in the Willamette Valley in Oregon, we lived on a farm. My brother and I were always on the lookout for "pretty rocks" so we found lots of agates. "thunder eggs", probably petrified wood pieces and little arrow heads. They seemed tiny to us even with our little hands. They were pointed, two sided and stemmed so they could have been attached to an arrow shaft. The part of the valley where our farm was located was East of Lebanon and it was an original 160 acre piece. I now have learned that the Great Missoula floods reached this area, leaving very deep topsoil of wonderful growing properties. Our pretty rocks may have be from the vent holes we found or they could have been in ice that came from Montana in chunks. I find this lecture very interesting as I have learning about these things as well as the geology of the earth. I was taught that a "theory" was an idea supported by observations and collected evidence. but it wasn't a fact so all theories are always subject to new discoveries.

[@dianaeaton7212]

oldladywhocares I heard in the Scion area that Indians lived by that stream that go es through the town. Swam in it a few times.

[@wilsontexas]

Unless we are talking about evolution. You cant dare to question evolution. Or vaccines.

[@norml.hugh-mann]

​@@wilsontexas off topic...don't need your false narratives here

[@wilsontexas]

@@norml.hugh-mann She was talking about the theories and science so it is on topic. My narratives are not false, you are indoctrinated.

[@loueckert4970]

Thank you Dub, that was a wonderful overview and very encouraging.

[@tomdavies241]

i love archeology and could listen to lectures like this for hours. just wish i did when 18. oh well can not go back so i collect artefacts by the river,plowed fields and gas company roads and learn as much as i can about them. no i do not illegally dig or plunder sites as everything i find is out of context and not much value to archeology but i sure enjoy no matter what. thank you for posting this. i really appreciate it so very much. like it was stated in another comment this is a great thing about the internet. i get to hear and learn things i could have only read about at one time and now there is more information than i have time to absorb but i try my best. peace be with you all. merry Christmas, happy Hanukkah, happy kwanzaa or just have a great week.

[@americalost5100]

When somebody is pointing a laser pointer at the screen, _SHOW THE SCREEN!!!!!!!_ Guess what? We already know what the speaker looks like. What we _DON'T KNOW_ is what's on the screen when you don't show it!

[@claybentonite]

What you said is basic presentation skills.

[@jonrettich4579]

Thank you so much for a superbly clear overview of both the current data and the anti-functional politics of academia. To experience a truly dedicated and honest searcher who can communicate so well and succinctly is a great and lasting treasure.

[@TheGreatTimSheridan]

Fabulous lecture. The five or so stone traditions appear to represent the different haplotypes. Truly amazing. It's amazing to think that the ancient coast lines were 60 miles out… But during the Ice Age the ocean levels were lower by hundreds of meters. And apparently other time a person could walk from Paris to Washington on the ice

[@marylamb1407]

Thor Heyerdahl said and proved the oceans were highway and should not be seen as barriers, years ago.

[@jameswells554]

I agree. I think it's pretty obvious that the Americas were being peopled from both directions.

[@solgato5186]

o hey I picked that guy up in a bar in Bergen, what a fun guy.

[@txvoltaire]

Thor Heyderdahl?

[@jameswells554]

@@txvoltaire search Kon Tiki.

[@marylamb1407]

thanks for the catch.

[@fz1000red]

One of the best, and most informative archaeology lectures I've found online. I'd like to hear a detailed articulation on the current scientific explanation for sterile layers between finds. Especially when they do not coincide with specific eras or globally catastrophic events such as the Biblically described flood.

[@enriquelaroche5370]

My dad studied Archaeology in Mexico in the 50's he always said the Idea that Humans have only been here since 10000 BC is nonsense. Always said it was much older .

[@sharonhearne5014]

If I remember correctly I read on the Texas state site concerning prehistory that one individual who has amassed the most Clovis points in Texas has found them washed up on the beach near the Port Arthur, Tx state park. The indication is that there is a productive ancient site underwater off that coastline.

[@newpath.newpath2010]

very informative...lots of new information. thank you for posting.

[@silverbutlet]

I work as a cultural heritage field officer in Australia and I work with a lot of archeologists. We find thousands of the same artifacts that you are showing in this presentation. Interesting?

[@dart5536]

Interesting? Yes very interesting, makes me wonder how many groups made it to the Americas. We find more and more every day it seems.

[@williamadams4044]

One of the oldest sites in South America they wonder if the people were an offshoot of the groups who discovered Australia 40,000 years ago. They had certain aboriginal characteristics, but it makes you wonder if it was southeast Asia like the Polynesians, or from western Africa. Both had a tradition of sea voyages. The questions and the search for answers to them is what I find so intriguing about archeology. Never stop digging because you never know what might turn up in the future to throw accepted knowledge right out the window.

[@lucas9269]

​@@williamadams4044 That is completely false, a couple of years ago it was discovered by the most prestigious university in Brazil that Luzia, the one you are talking about, was not Aboriginal nor African, she was actually from the Clovis culture and entirely Amerindian. That facial reconstruction where she was depicted as black is dog poop. Search "The new face of Luzia and the Lagoa Santa people" if you want in read about it.

[@rohaaniidaalii9758]

@@williamadams4044 how about both places. There is a book called " The First Americans were Africans" by David Imhotep PhD. which goes into detail about the different migrations to America and the twa people who were the original inhabitants.

[@deborahyoung1873]

@@rohaaniidaalii9758 why are yall losers always trying to put Native Americans into a group with blacks? We are not even genetically related nor have any characteristics of Africans.

[@tyler6815]

I live in Dallas and have been studying this theory for a few weeks. I’m glad I came across this video, it makes me proud to be a Dallasite!

[@anthonymckinney2868]

That’s my hometown💯😎

[@travishaynes9682]

EXCELLENT. FOR ALL WE KNOW , PEOPLE WERE HERE BEFORE EUROPE , AFRICA OR AUSTRAILIA !!

[@winningblack5112]

👍🏿

[@nhstorage]

Humanity has always had a wonderlust, we need to know what's around the bend, over that hill, that spot just beyond the horizon... I think that as time goes on we'll discover people got around a lot more often, and to a lot more places then we ever imagined.

[@stephenmiller2590]

Night Hawk, Most of my genealogy seems to come from Europe but a DNA test shows that I am related to a group of Indians from 500 years ago who lived on the south bank of the Rio Grande. The test could not indicate which tribe or nation. Maybe more information will come along later.

[@rockinbobokkin7831]

Evidence that Clovis isn't first, does not prove Solutrean.

[@siriusfun]

No, but the artifacts do.

[@jturtle5318]

@@siriusfun Galileo Gambit. Check your data.

[@madisoneclectic3101]

Excellent talk. Wish I could have been there. Thanks for posting.

[@mactunnicliffe2541]

Rachell Madow

[@mmr271]

so many people with so many answers , perhaps more questions are needed

[@big1dog23]

Really good lecture that has help up well to the last 8 years of discoveries. The Pacific coast "kelp highway" theory has gained a lot of traction recently. Even in much colder times, the pac coast would have been food rich and the currents would have been favorable to move people south.

[@annepoitrineau5650]

Wonderful presentation. Thank you so much!

[@markymarc37]

How I enjoyed this...Such a wonderful job...enjoyed your humble but wise demeanor. Thankyou for your talent to open our eyes

[@lenardkennedy5522]

Staring into the history Of mankind's experiences on the Earth is a very rich endeavour. I am so greatful for such talks from this professional.

[@kimconklin9858]

VERY WELL DONE...;TIME WELL SPENT WATCHING... THANK-YOU...

[@Mike-xi4zt]

There was a Stepp Bison skull found on a sand bar in the Missouri river that had a broken stone point stuck in it. I think it was donated to a museum in Kansas. Those bison have been extinct for more than 15,000 years in that area. I have found a Clovis point, scrapers, spear points, black axe smooth not flaked, all on my property in Missouri randomly dispersed

[@bobbomorrow4664]

I also find a lot. I'm in mid Missouri.

[@wilsontexas]

How did they arrive at the age you quote?

[@Mike-xi4zt]

@@wilsontexas that's good question how to arrive at any dates for ages of human or animal? There is a site in Hot Springs South Dakota that has four types of mammoths plus a few types of steppe bison they're all extinct. There have been some indication that humans were hunting mammoths in Colorado and they found that stepp bison with a spear Point broke off in its head on the Missouri River I assume they used radiocarbon dating on the examples of the animals that were found but I don't know how they arrived at the dates. I think there's a lot of conjecture about when the animals went extinct and even more conjecture about when humans arrived in the Americas but there is evidence of humans hunting animals that have been extinct for a very long time in the Americas. It appears that humans have been in American longer than what consensus conjecturist have been cojecturing.

[@hayesj6698]

@@bobbomorrow4664 i was in mid Missouri a week ago and found my first "Missouri" artifact.

[@missourimongoose8858]

We have a mississippian shine to the underwater panther God on and around our property in southeast MO

[@murphy13295]

1974/75 Long story short I was shown over four dozen ( conservatively ) Fenn cache style stone tools . 6 " to 10" long . and whiter stone . I was flommoxed " ... " you know what you got here " ..... " I know where there are many more " he said .. This was just outside Rocky Mount VA . He was a good old boy growing primo weed and didn't want the notoriety that would come with revealing his finds . Every word true . I still think about that visit to this day . He was a very unique man in many ways .

[@howardfreeland5595]

This is a very good lecture and well worth the time to watch and listen!

[@Blox_fruit_master1]

This is bullshit, they know the Egyptians were the first people in America, they were Master’s of the sea they travelled the world before any other Man.

[@Blox_fruit_master1]

Find out how the Olmec got to Americas.

[@howardfreeland5595]

@@Blox_fruit_master1 I'd like to, but how?

[@dalecarpenter8828]

They traded ! They didn't have to travel the whole distance ! The material traveled !!!

[@STScott-qo4pw]

sea shells from the gulf of mexico are found in western canada. rivers, prairies were easy enough to traverse. i agree with you.

[@markeverson5849]

These archaeologists or whoever they are, are sometimes so far off! but because their technical experts, they come up with their theories! it's all based on theories! if you believe in God, and are hoping to live forever because you believe in the gospel of Paul! that is the death , burial, and resurrection, of Jesus Christ according to the scriptures! then we know ,and have a Biblical timeline of the history of mankind, basically! and so as a Christian we go by that. these guys are crazy with their time spanned and estimates on age of stones and people and Bones xcetera! haha it's funny anyways because most of them are heathens and have no faith in God.!? Most of us realize that there were huge trade routes across the country and probably around the whole world! anywhere civilization existed, or traveled through .yes the exchange of goods ,Stones Flint's, hides, dried Meats, berries, herbs whatever clothing. Information information was a big one! where the best hunting grounds were! the best places to grow crops! the best drinking water! the safest place! is excetera excetera this information would have been exchanged!. man big time!!! if you were traveling in a Northerly direction and you stopped and traded with a traveling band of people traveling is Southern Direction ,you would have exchanged information about the land ! About the animals ,herbs, Flint outcroppings! etc etc etc dot up in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan also I've lived there in the Copper Country and there they had ancient roads! and there's ancient copper shallow pit mines there, even the local Ojibwe Indians don't know who they were! they are called the ancient ones ,but that Copper from Michigan found its way they say I have heard! All the way to the pyramids of Egypt, go figure :-)! Mark southern Missouri Ozarks USA

[@Heavensoon7]

Do you honestly think when Newly arriving people could go across the country in a few months that native people would not have been smart enough to do so as well. The old Indian highway is mentioned in all the history of Maryland and PA. It’s now called route 30. Early settlers used that road to get from Philadelphia to the Ohio Valley and westward. Yeah ,the Native Americans weren’t that smart right? You new arrivals used our already existing roads to travel and our burned off hunting grounds to farm . We had already prepared it for our usage you just moved in and took possession. But of course you don’t read your ancestors own recordings to find out the truth. They were there when it all happened, personally witnessed accounts, yet you choose to believe some scientist are historians hypothesis based on no eyewitness accounts whatsoever. Ocean front property in Arizona anyone?

[@ioodyssey3740]

yeah. they tarded

[@Heavensoon7]

@@ioodyssey3740 They traveled the hunting rounds and they moved when they felt like it just like you all do

[@easternadventures9978]

Imagine taking a dump not knowing that 15,000 years in the future people would be investigating it.

[@michaelschneider2874]

There was a "clovis" spear point found in an orchard in East Wenatchee, Washington. I believe it was around the early 1960's . A few years ago a human fossil that bore no genetic relationship to native Americans was found on the banks of the Columbia River. The fossil find is/was called the "Kennewick Man". It was re-interred where it was found . And it pre dates (supposedly) all other Native American fossils .

[@willong1000]

No offense Michael, but you are off on a couple major points (no pun intended). The find to which you are referring was made in 1987, and it was an entire cache of Clovis points and other artifacts. Here's a quote of the opening line of the Wikipedia article on the subject: "The East Wenatchee Clovis Site (also called the Richey-Roberts Clovis Site or the Richey Clovis Cache) is a deposit of prehistoric Clovis points and other implements, dating to roughly 11,000 radiocarbon years before present or about 13,000 calendar years before present, found near the city of East Wenatchee, Washington in 1987." The cache included the largest Clovis biface then known; and several of the points are extraordinarily beautiful. I urge anyone interested in the subject to do enough online searching to locate and view a few of the images. A quick Google of "Wenatchee Clovis points" and a click on "images" will return enough to whet one's appetite. There are some exceptional photos of the points in museum and university collections that require a bit more searching effort. Have fun!

[@jodybundrant9386]

Kennewick man was found during the boat races we have every year on the Columbia river, they did a DNA test on him and found a living relative here in Kennewick, a Mexican man that was born in Mexico! What are the odds🤣😂

[@brycedanner2567]

That is the opposite from true. Kennewick Man was closely related to modern native groups.

[@Yarrb53]

I would be reluctant to cite "WICKEDPEDI" (sic) as a reliable source. I do believe that Dennis J. Stanford and Bruce Bradley, have the difinative book "Over Atlantic Ice" on the origins of the early Americans.

[@nonyabidness1838]

@@jodybundrant9386 the odds are all these people were actually black period.

[@QuaaludeCharlie]

Thank you , Love watching this as an American and fan of the Americas :) QC

[@nicholassudov2299]

Like, Thanks. I just can't believe that humans have been developing for a million years in the Old World and just 15 thousand years in the New World. That's absurd!

[@YouTuber-ep5xx]

Thx for the vid. Enjoyed it.

[@tomtout6070]

Wonderful presentation!

[@billisaacs702]

Regarding the Chesapeake artifacts, he completely overlooks that sea levels were 400 feet lower than they are today.

[@DarkMoonDroid]

More ice = less liquid water. Both/and

[@CandideSchmyles]

I'm afraid you are wrong. He quite clearly on two occasions made it apparent that sea level changes were the reason such artifacts could be recovered in 200ft of water.

[@DarkMoonDroid]

Oh, look. Trolls.

[@johnbircham4984]

@nunya efin biz The ice is on the land as well as in the ocean. It is when the ice on the land melts and flows in to the sea that the sea level rises.

[@jackkessler9876]

He mentions exactly that. His explanation of why no boats have been found is that the ancient shorelines are now several miles offshore today.

[@MissouriFertility]

Great talk! Thank you!!!

[@honoralovall5983]

Thank you. I enjoyed this lecture very much.

[@badguy5554]

Amazing! Very interesting presentation. Shows we don't know everything I HOPE we WILL know in the future.

[@pennsyltucky9382]

I recently found what I believe are at least two (maybe 4) lithic (Stone Age) artifacts in what amounted to 40 tons of "topsoil" (ancient Susquehanna River sediment) that I purchased, and spread, one shovel-full at a time. One artifact is a flat etched stone with intersecting straight lines appearing as a diagram of some sort, and the other is what appears to be a specifically crafted, left-handed-only, hand-maul. It fits perfectly in the left hand and has an edge of sorts but is blunt; definitely not a cutting edge, but more like a bone or shell-busting edge. Definitely not a thing to be hafted. Strictly hand-held. The Susquehanna River is a major tributary of the Chesapeake, mentioned in the vid. Both artifacts were found in the same 10-ton load delivery.

[@miken9553]

Pennsyl Tucky cool. You should take them to the local archaeological society where you live and get them checked out.

[@williamadams4044]

Take photos and do not let the actual artifacts out of your sight. Too many artifacts that don't follow the dogma go missing.

[@swainsongable]

Awesome interview - I studied anthropology back in the 80s when these ideas were just being introduced. Even NOVA did a doc on The Red Paint People in Labrdor Canada. I learned then the accept the apparently outrageous theories and the work forward rather than start here and fight those who refuse to look backwards, if that makes sense.

[@vincentrandles8105]

You should come to Coshocton Ohio my friend, in our museum we have bi-faced blade ("blanks") that were 'cashed' in one place 8" long. A guy in Coshocton was expanding his basement when his shovel hit something that crunched, he had the presence of mind to get a broom (no joke) and clear off some dirt, to see what was there. 300 odd pieces of perfect blade's! They now sit in the museum accost the river. We have many sites along the river where artifacts of every stipe can be found! Mounds, worksite areas ect.

[@BathrobeKeck]

Fascinating. Thank you for uploading

[@janusbifrons9358]

Excellent presentation. I particularly like how Crook does not get caught up on dating, and rarely even specifies dates, referring to finds either as earlier or later than Clovis. His summation as to why the Clovis first argument is flawed was matter of fact, and he is certainly not caught up on the Clovis-Solutrean debate, staying focused on facts rather than conjecture. His point is well made, though- never before has there occurred a duplication of stone technology to the degree observed between the Clovis and Solutrean artefacts without the cultures being connected. *IF* the bifacial technology, with matching aesthetics, did happen to be duplicated at the same time period, by two unconnected cultures, it would be the first and only time in the history of antiquity that this phenomenon has occurred. With this reasoning he did not have the need to express his personal opinion.

[@isatis595]

Take a look at his actions when submitting his masters thesis for the University of Michigan. law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/813/88/240317/

[@isatis595]

@Timothy Barron Did you read the link? He is the one that apparently lied to the school when submitting his thesis.

[@isatis595]

@Timothy Barron I would like you to post a link to what you are saying. Watson, Crick and Franklin discovered DNA and the actual molecule form. After that there have been so many developments to its application. There are plenty of research publications about how the main trait characteristics of humans have been passing from generations to future generations, in a way that has given ways to trace where our ancestors were from and how they ended up were we are now. Denying a theory requires to proof without bias and with facts that shows why is wrong and needs to be review, but just out of the blue, denying it without any scientific proof is just so suspected of telling untruths.

[@fisharmor]

"I'm tellin ya right now, that is not what science is about." Except destroying the careers of people who disagree with the established narrative is EXACTLY what science is about. It happens in cosmology, climatology, Egyptology, evolutionary biology, just to name the ones where I've seen it happen in just the last three decades despite the fact that I am not even a scientist.

[@shibolinemress8913]

Unfortunately, even some of the most famous scientists have done that through the ages, either by klinging to pet theories long after they've been disproven (i.e. Fred Hoyle), or attacking others who build on their work and take it where they didn't want it to go (i.e. Einstein). That isn't science, though. It's just the darker side of human nature.

[@beastshawnee4987]

when Science is wrong...Only science can fix it...It is a process.

[@og-greenmachine8623]

The truth they are hiding from you kzbin.info/www/bejne/q16YnId_gNpln8U

[@brettstuart6887]

Very true. And now you can add epidemiology to the list.

[@blodknut5595]

I know I am replying two years after your original post- but hey we are discussing archeology where the timelines occur in thousands of years. But to my response to your post, fisharmor. I have two points that need to be considered. 1. Science can be characterised as a method of observation to determine, categorise and understand the natural world. It can also be understood as the body of knowledge gained from the scientific method. Lastly, science can also be understood as the social institution that involves people undertaking knowledge creation and the cultural and organisational parameters that governs who produces scientific knowledge, how they produce scientific knowledge and how scientific knowledge becomes widely accepted and communicated. 2. Scientific knowledge is subject to the concept from the science of the measurement of information - scientometrics - named “the half life of facts”. This is a widely understood within the science community that, as argued in the lecture, what we know today can be shown to be incorrect or not supported by new evidence. Science has the self-correcting mechanism that allows for paradigm shifts in knowledge when information is scientifically demonstrated as valid according to the scientific method. When scientists resist this information change you are dealing with the science as a cultural institution not a method of knowledge validation. It is important that the “destroying of careers” does not become a collective criticism for the validity of a certain scientific specialisation or a diminishing factor in public confidence in scientific knowledge. So when you say science is “exactly” about the destroying of careers of people who disagree with the “established narrative” you are only talking about science as a social/cultural activity. Science, as I have outlined, is so much more than the institutional form of science so therefore science is not “exactly” about suppressing counter evidence and the harnessing social of social power to exclude those that promote counter evidence. It is important to understand which aspect of science you are referring to and not to characterise one part as the whole.

[@jasonneal8841]

Just found this wonderful video at 6 yrs old excited me so much

[@susanclark6987]

Good presentation! Thank you...

[@glennjones6004]

Meadowcroft is Southwest of Pittsburgh. As a teenager, I used to hike with friends upstream along Cross Creek that runs by it. We were aware of the archeological dig there, which had been secured, and treated that with respect. Interestingly, there is a restored colonial village on the ridge above this site.

[@cillyhoney1892]

I think the thin sterile zone was from the Younger Dryas Event.

[@feedjake5256]

I think what he means by sterile is that there is no evidence of being altered by human or other events. When we see layers that are due to an impact or flood it's a very distinctive layer because of the way material mixes and settles. The sterile layer he's referring to is due to inoccupation of the area and if it was from the younger dryas event it would have to carbon date around 12,000 years ago to be proven and without material in that sterile layer to test he's using simple reasoning to assume that people just didn't use the site for 300 to 500 years. Without direct evidence tied to the dryas stuff it's fair to assume that people just moved on from the area for a while and used it again later when the area became viable again.

[@gagechelsea1796]

@@feedjake5256 can’t live somewhere that’s been destroyed 🤷‍♂️

[@zienonb3861]

Crook said the sterile zone was below the Clovis zone and hence older. The Younger Dryas Event began around 12,900 years ago which was immediately after Clovis. Prior to the Younger Dryas Event the temperature was fluctuating wildly with sudden global warming starting ~14,000 years ago followed by sudden cooling with other climate events subsequent to those. Maybe the sterile zone mentioned by Crook was the result of catastrophic flooding from melting ice sheets during the warm spikes.

[@janicecole2722]

Dear Mr. Wilson "Dub" Crook, Jr.: Ever since I was a child, I have been interested in archeology & paleontology, which is why your presentation caught my attention when I came across it yesterday. Fascinating!!! I'm a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. I only mention this because recently there has been brought to light much evidence (bones, artifacts, etc.) of people from the Book of Mormon (one of the books of scripture that we use) and Bible who migrated to the United States and Canada, and others who migrated to South America or Meso America. In both cases, there are varying schools of thought as to exactly where they landed. You, of all people, I'm sure understand varying schools of thought! 😆😉 The first group of people that might be of interest to you is the people we, as LDS ( or Latter-day Saints) know as the Jaredites. They traveled westward from the Tigris/Euphrates (Mesopotamian) area at the destruction of the Tower of Babel around 2000 BC. No doubt you're familiar with the Biblical account of the Tower of Babel. As such, you are aware of how the destruction of the Tower happened. Nimrod, their king at that time, defied God, thus causing the confounding of the language which, up to that point, had been the pure Adamic language. From Adam we have the word for honeybee, which is DESERET! The honeybee is the symbol of industriousness and prudence, used frequently among the LDS. I don't know if you're religious or not, but that doesn't matter. What DOES matter is the Jaredite PEOPLE and the knowledge, alphabet, and customs they brought with them. We LDS are taught that the Jaredites, having been taught by God to build barges, left the shores of western Europe and landed, most likely, somewhere along the eastern shore of what is now the United States. It's thought that they landed near the mouth of what is now the St. Lawrence River and traveled down to the Ohio, Michigan and Canadian areas. They brought their language because, being a righteous people, God allowed them to keep Adam's language, the very language God Himself had taught Adam! God also taught Adam how to write, so he could keep a Book of Remembrance. How would we have the Biblical history of Adam & his family from the Beginning down to Noah & the Flood if it weren't for Adam's Book of Remembrance??? The Jaredites, being descendants of Noah AFTER THE FLOOD, had a lesser form of writing than God's own language. They brought this lesser form of writing with them; it was a type of cuneiform. And they brought their knowledge of smelting, having learned it in the Mesopotamian area. They later became one of the many groups of mound builders. Many of their artifacts have been found in their mounds! Not only were artifacts found, but also VERY HUGE HUMAN BONES!!! (Some of their skeletons were as tall as 10 feet!!!) Remember the Biblical account of David and Goliath??? These bones support the Biblical account of Goliath, and other giants mentioned in Genesis! I find this extremely fascinating!!! The fact that bones were buried in their mounds shows that these were BURIAL MOUNDS, supporting the Book of Mormon stories of great battles, fought internally among the Jaredites. Now let's jump to the other Book of Mormon peoples, the Nephites & Lamanites, whose ancestors were of Jewish, or Hebrew, descent. Jerusalem, the beloved city of the Jews, was destroyed around 600 BC, due to it's growing wickedness. Most of its inhabitants were killed. Others like Daniel and his three friends, were carried off to Babylon. This second group of people were sent by God to the Americas, the "promised land." They were a family, led by their patriarch, the Prophet Lehi, who had been told by God to call the people of Jerusalem to repentance, but the vast majority were too far gone. So Lehi was directed to leave Jerusalem prior to its destruction, and take his family and another righteous family with him. They were taught, like the Jaredites and Noah of old, to build a large boat in which to sail to the promised land, which was somewhere in South or Central America. Once in the new land, they split into two major factions, the Nephites and Lamanites, the Nephites being the more righteous of the two, at least for awhile. Other groups split off. The world knows these groups as the Incas, Mayas, and Aztecs, very advanced civilizations who built great pyramidal temples to their gods either pagan or Christian, depending on which group built or overtook them. The Bible is a history of group after group, starting out as righteous but ending up wicked, and killing one another in mighty battles. So, too, went the history of the Nephites/Lamanites and the Jaredites! Both groups had righteous prophets who kept records: The Jaredites in cuneiform on clay or stone, and the Nephites on plates of brass, but the accounts which their prophets deemed more important to God were preserved on GOLD plates. They were written mainly in Reformed Egyptian, being a more condensed form of writing than Hebrew. Their ancestors had brought Reformed Egyptian with them from the period during which they were in bondage to the Egyptian Pharoahs. That is also where they learned to build the pyramids, evidenced among the South and Central American groups. I believe some of the more recent presentations by Book of Mormon scholars indicated that temples in Central & South America have Reformed Egyptian or Hebrew writing on their walls. I could be wrong, though. These groups migrated northward, bringing their pyramid-building skills with them, which can be seen in the mounds they built. Most of the mounds are covered over with earth, but a few have steps built into them from bottom to top, like the South and Middle American groups built. I found it interesting when you mentioned finding what sounded like the foundation of a home. These Book of Mormon peoples would certainly have had the skills to build such a structure! The Jaredite people, too, because their ancestors built the Tower of Babel, and their more ancient ancestors built the Babylonian king's pyramid-like palace topped with the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon! What I find most fascinating is that most of the modern-day Native Americans have stories that have been passed down and/or customs that are VERY similar to Hebrew traditions, even down to holidays being celebrated in the same ways and close to the same times on the calendar! But what is MOST AMAZING is their written languages! The various tribes of Native American's "alphabet" characters are almost identical to the Hebrew characters!!! I believe you should read the Book of Mormon, NOT because I'm trying to convert you, but because I want to help you in your own research. It would also help you understand the things I've written here. I'm going to share links to two of the LDS presenters, whose info I tried my best to give you here. The first is: Wayne N.May Latter Day Media Live - Come Follow Christ I don't have the name of the second presenter, nor am I certain of his website, but I'll throw out what I have and hope for the best! This is all I've got: Book of Mormon Evidence Subscribe at Lifey I hope these are of interest/help to you!😉😉😉 Please let me know what you think!

[@peterhendriks1602]

Magnificent teaching.

[@BaskingInObscurity]

It's not a secret that Basque fishermen fished the Grand Banks long before Columbus' voyages, and the Basque speak of having done so for far longer, likely before the Norse reached North America. Why does nobody ever address this point? The solutrean connection seems perfectly plausible, then; more so given the context of Ice Age glaciation. 18,000 years ago, Chesapeake Bay was a river valley; Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard were the coast rather than islands; and Newfoundland was under the ice sheet but the Grand Banks were dry, nonglaciated land. Resistance to expanding archaeological research there is absurd. It should be MORE surprising if that land were NOT occupied by fishing and trapping people during that era.

[@Juezma52]

Dennis Stanford, now deceased, connected these very early points to Solutreans, people who lived in what is now Spanish and French Basque areas on the coasts. The technology is identical.

[@joshsmith7176]

Because it goes against the native American first and it changes something simple and easy to force everyone to learn.

[@themysticnavigator]

the Grand Banks were dry? could u explain please

[@BaskingInObscurity]

@@themysticnavigator Not ALL of it, but most of the Grand Banks were above sea level. Mean sea level was something like 400 feet lower during the last glacial maximum. At the end of the last ice age there were lands still above water both west and east of the British Isles that are now completely submerged, including the last of Doggerland only a few thousand years ago. The ice caps over Canada (Laurentide) did not reach all the way to the coastlines during the ice age; rather there was a habitable and likely hospitable corridor of coastal plains warmed by the gulf stream current.

[@guyanaspice6730]

@@BaskingInObscurity you sir have got me subscribing to you.

[@jcordell206]

I don't get why so many people think that an entire continent as huge as the Americas, with Ice sheets on both the Pacific and Atlantic coastlines, would only ever be explored via the Bering land bridge. There was also that skeleton found in Brazil of a woman with Australian aboriginal or could be African morphology. I get that morphology is not an exact science, but come on, different ethnicities have distinct skull and facial features it's not hard to see how concrete that simple fact is. Take the two massive continents of Africa and Eurasia for instance. On these continents multiple ethnicities have existed for thousands of years, no one single genetic phenotype has ever been the sole group on either of these continents. Furthermore, If Polynesians could sail all across the Pacific ocean in rudimentary seacraft than why would that be an impossible feat for Western Europeans and Africans? Anyone crying "White Supremacist" or "Eurocentric" over archeological theories that present some intriguing correlations that aren't far fetched at all, seem to be more politically motivated than intellectually honest. I'm no scientist or geneticist, but it seems that a slight variation on an X haplotype between that 20% of NorthEastern Native Americans and Western Europeans isn't enough to discard this theory. What if that slight variation on the X haplotype that is present amongst Native Americans and not found in Europe is due to interbreeding with Siberian populations or perhaps was unique to an older branch of Western Europeans who could have come to the Americas but was mutated in the ones who stayed in Europe due to the intermixing and migrations going on over there during those ancient times. The fervor of the "only Altaic peoples ever populated America, end of story" seems almost overly zealous and immature to a certain degree. We shouldn't shun archeological and genetic research because of PC agendas and people who think that any attempt at challenging their story is because "they want to feel justified for having colonized and mistreated the Altaic Americans" ... We should be evolved enough intellectually and emotionally to allow for new developments to arise and see what they can show us about human migrations of the pre historic past.

[@nonyadamnbusiness9887]

What I find really stupid about people's PC objections to Solutreans landing in America is that it's very unlikely that Solutrean people were white.

[@dsbeerf]

Yare Cordero There are quite a few of these “researchers” that I now completely ignore because of some damned PC thing (there are a few different types). That has no place in research, at all, and therefore I ignore them and all their work. One thing, besides “where they came from” that interests me is the “blank layer”, or “empty layer”, that sits just below Clovis (in the Americas) and also occurs on the other continents. What “catastrophe” does that demark? It is also very interesting, but remains a mystery.

[@timothysnow5]

@@nonyadamnbusiness9887 because skin color has been earmarked as the defining factor between races. In reality, that's just one of the outward obvious differences that makes it fairly easy for people to differentiate races. However, the genetic differences that actually matter are in the brain, hormones/average age of puberty, predisposition to disease etc. The internal factors are what actually differentiate people. Once people interbred with Neanderthal and evolved for 1000s of years in ice cold climates, then they likely experienced the vast majority of meaningful adaptations that differentiate races. For example, if you take animals from the desert and put them in the forest, then within 10-20 generations they will experience massive transformation. After that they could continue to change over a long period of time due to random mutations and things like that. But the notion of skin color having any actual significance in racial differences is absurd. The differences in outcomes we see in our society are due to things like differing average IQ of groups causing differences of income and differences in hormones causing differences in aggression, violence, and sports performance. The solutreans were likely extremely similar to modern day Europeans in the important factors that differentiate races.

[@Reziac]

Tho I understand that fragments of ancient African DNA have been found in Brazil.

[@Thomaspoa]

Go to the northeast of Brazil. The indigenous population is quite different from the rest of the Indians in South America. Why? It's an arid area that wasn't worth conquering. They obviously predate the invasion from Asia after the end of the last Ice Age.

[@gerardmichaelburnsjr.]

I am so happy that the archaeological discoveries are finally adding up to tell a more complete story. I am part Cherokee and Choctaw, but always believed tended to explore more than they were being given credit for. And it is also easy to see from having experienced life in several places on Earth that we are very daring about venturing out on the water. I believe the West Coast was likely to be visited by seal hunters from Asia, even if that did not result in fasting or surviving colonization, and I considered crossing the Atlantic a longer shot, what is the ice pack was as described in this talk, then it seems very likely to me that there was some settlement on the East Coast.

[@elizabethjackson7262]

Almazing presentation. Good content. Thank you

[@lawneymalbrough4309]

Seasonal migration is an important part of the hunter gatherer life style. They follow the herds. Stay in one place too long and you starve. They had to move around.

[@bjellison905]

But they had done learned to travel the grass fields and also grow grasses and grains so they didn't have to travel, they could send hunting parties to follow herds

[@reoflex]

I think the lines and X’s were cut into the cutting stones to give their fingers a non slip grip. Just as we add to tools today.

[@RockHudrock]

Rob O that makes sense! Especially when they’re cutting wet, fat, bloody meat 🍖

[@billderinbaja3883]

Like a no-slip guitar pick... of old.

[@stevegarcia3731]

Not an unreasonable thought. For about 7 years. I worked in industrial R&D. About 30 years ago. With several PhD types. One of them told me one day, "Yeah, that is a good possibility. Now how do we come up with a way to prove it right or wrong? Nothing was true until we'd done it and replicated it several times over. But it does start with an idea of where the present set of facts leads our brains, to find a starting point to test.

[@MrRexmoser]

Great lecture Wilson !

[@ronwarren4196]

An hour and 20 minutes were not enough. I could have listened to this all night.

[@richarddevenezia8186]

20:45 "Looks like Turtles is back on the menu bois" - Uruk-hai chef.

[@ridermak4111]

The “historical knowledge authorities” at the Smithsonian are destroying it’s reputation. The arrogant condescension is appalling.

[@zzbudzz]

Good ! The faster they destroy their reputation the faster we can get to the real truth.

[@bryanwalker1737]

Wow. That was fascinating!

[@medianmack]

Nice to see humility on display.

[@bethbartlett5692]

A *"find" greater than an artifact that changes theory of prehistoric time,* is *"a find of a Mainstream Archaeologist that will consider alternative ideas over those theories that have become their peerage's Constitution"* This is a serious statement.

[@googletaqiyya184]

18:40 The X's are infinity symbols. This occurs naturally with shooters. Body rhythm and heartbeat make it impossible to hold still and the best we can do is to do really small infinity signs.

[@wildcatfalling]

it shows what the value of education is ..if you come from a family that has money .

[@paulcrooks6008]

Now we have the internet we can easily study and learn anything we want for free! The outcome depends on your efforts nothing more.

[@woopteedeewoopteedye]

I was lucky but observant and found a cache with 27 tools and spearheads in Northern Quebec. They are now part of a collection at a university. First time these tools had been found so far east of the province according to the material they were made from, Mistassini schist.

[@nonyadamnbusiness9887]

Excellent point about Anthropology and Archaeology being subject to big EGOs. I wondered about the absence of Polynesians from North America for years because it seemed obvious that people who lit on every island the Pacific could not have missed the Americas. Then I found out that there was some jackass with a theory of why Polynesians never landed in the Americas making it nearly impossible for new study in that direction. In fact there's plenty of evidence for contact.

[@billderinbaja3883]

Kon Tiki was written 73 years ago... you are bit late to the dance.

[@captainfanta8641]

Talking to some of my polynesian friends. You are more right then you realize.

[@candygirl657]

Rapa Nui

[@michaelfoulkes9502]

@@billderinbaja3883 Kon Tiki is still very relevant today.

[@nonyadamnbusiness9887]

@Sean T You've got that backwards. Sweet potatoes are native to south America and spread to Polynesia.

[@Poppageno]

Good stuff, Unfortunately we need another Ice Age to lower the ocean levels to where folks were living during the last glacial maximum. The Channel Islands point needed to be small for birds and fish, a curved point had a more likely rate of success on birds than a single small point.

[@harrietharlow9929]

finALLy I understand what overshot flaking is! This lecturer is great!

[@helenaj9436]

It's nice rewatching things that finally say Clovis wasn't first.... Genetics is interesting on this topic.

[@faybrianhernandez2416]

When hunters are in a good location with lots of game, they will stay a while, they will have time to craft a better spearhead or arrowhead and blades but when they are on the move, they will quickly make rough spearheads and arrowheads to use on the spot, so one hunter can make different tools depending on conditions, may not be from different timelines at all.

[@TheTheotherfoot]

AQ reasonable point. Something that may not have been considered.

[@bjellison905]

Or it could be that the fertile hunting lands lasted for thousands of years and were hunted for several generations dropping an array of tools and telling the difference from eras by craftsmanship and production practices

[@TheTheotherfoot]

@@bjellison905 The chock points along migration routes would be the ideal position for this type of hunting. Animals tend to use thge same route year after year, so the hunting would be almost certain to be good.

[@MABlackMetalGuitar]

grumpy sod that has definitely been considered.

[@og-greenmachine8623]

Lies of pale-face Listen to him never, my sister❤️ Truth: kzbin.info/www/bejne/q16YnId_gNpln8U

[@semperfizzle04]

very good info , thx !!

[@rodwoods2108]

Great speaker, great subject, suer interesting.

[@cracklypete]

Intellectual honesty is perhaps the most uncommon of academic virtues.