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Rievaulx Abbey (/riːˈvoʊ/ ree-VOH) was a Cistercian abbey in Rievaulx, near Helmsley, in the North York Moors National Park, North Yorkshire, England. It was one of the great abbeys in England until it was seized in 1538 under Henry VIII during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The wider site was awarded Scheduled Ancient Monument status in 1915 and the abbey was brought into the care of the then Ministry of Works in 1917.[1] The ruins of its main buildings are today a tourist attraction, owned and maintained by English Heritage.
Foundation
Rievaulx Abbey was the first Cistercian monastery in the north of England,[2] founded in 1132 by twelve monks from Clairvaux Abbey.[3][4]
Its remote location was well suited to the order's ideal of a strict life of prayer and self-sufficiency with little contact with the outside world. The abbey's patron, Walter Espec, also founded another Cistercian community, that of Wardon Abbey in Bedfordshire, on unprofitable wasteland on one of his inherited estates.[5]
William I, the first abbot of Rievaulx, started construction in the 1130s. The second abbot, Saint Aelred of Rievaulx, expanded the buildings and otherwise consolidated the existence of what in time became one of the great Cistercian abbeys of Yorkshire, with Fountains Abbey the second only Cistercian house to be built in Yorkshire.[6] Under Aelred the abbey is said to have grown to some 140 monks and 500 lay brothers.[7] By the end of his tenure Rievaulx had five daughter houses in England and Scotland.[8]