RUINS OF THE NALANDA UNIVERSITY ll World's Oldest University l Nalanda University Complete History

Nalanda is about 90 km southeast of Patna. Although its history goes back to the times of the Buddha, the university at Nalanda was founded in the 5th century CE, and it flourished for the next 700 years. Its decline began in the late Pala period, but the final blow was the invasion by Bakhtiyar Khilji around 1200 CE. The subjects that were taught at Nalanda included Buddhist scriptures (of both the Mahayana and Hinayana schools), philosophy, theology, metaphysics, logic, grammar, astronomy and medicine. Chinese travellers Hiuen-Tsang and I-Tsing had written detailed accounts about the university.
Nalanda was a renowned mahavihara (Buddhist monastic university) in ancient Magadha (modern-day Bihar), India. Considered by historians to be the world's first residential university and among the greatest centers of learning in the ancient world, it was located near the city of Rajagriha (now Rajgir) and about 90 kilometres southeast of Pataliputra (now Patna). Operating from 427 until 1197 CE, Nalanda played a vital role in promoting the patronage of arts and academics during the 5th and 6th century CE, a period that has since been described as the "Golden Age of India" by scholars.
Nalanda was established during the Gupta Empire era and was supported by numerous Indian and Javanese patrons - both Buddhists and non-Buddhists. Over some 750 years, its faculty included some of the most revered scholars of Mahayana Buddhism. Nalanda mahavihara taught six major Buddhist schools and philosophies such as Yogachara and Sarvastivada as well as subjects such as grammar, medicine, logic and mathematics. The university was also a major source of the 657 Sanskrit texts carried by pilgrim Xuanzang and the 400 Sanskrit texts carried by Yijing to China in the 7th century, which influenced East Asian Buddhism. Many of the texts composed at Nalanda played an important role in the development of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism including the Mahavairocana Tantra and the Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra of Shantideva. It was sacked and destroyed by the troops of Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji, partly restored thereafter, and continued to exist till about 1400 CE.
Today, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In 2010, the Government of India passed a resolution to revive the famous university, and a contemporary institute, Nalanda University, was established at Rajgir. It has been listed as an "Institute of National Importance" by the Government of India.
Nalanda is about 16 kilometres (10 mi) north of the city of Rajgir and It is about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Bodh Gaya - another important Buddhist site in Bihar.
The Nalanda archaeological site is spread over a large area to the northwest of Bargaon (Nalanda) village, and is between the historical manmade lakes Gidhi, Panashokar and Indrapuskarani. On the south bank of the Indrapushkarani lake is the Nava Nalanda Mahavihara - a university founded in its memory.
Xuanzang travelled around India between 630 and 643 CE, visiting Nalanda in 637 and 642, spending a total of around two years at the monastery. He was warmly welcomed in Nalanda where he received the Indian name of Mokshadeva and studied under the guidance of Shilabhadra, the venerable head of the institution at the time. He believed that the aim of his arduous overland journey to India had been achieved as in Shilabhadra he had at last found an incomparable teacher to instruct him in Yogachara, a school of thought that had then only partially been transmitted to China. Besides Buddhist studies, the monk also attended courses in grammar, logic, and Sanskrit, and later also lectured at the Mahavihara.
In the detailed account of his stay at Nalanda, the pilgrim describes the view out of the window of his quarters as
"Moreover, the whole establishment is surrounded by a brick wall, which encloses the entire convent from without. One gate opens into the great college, from which are separated eight other halls standing in the middle (of the Sangharama). The richly adorned towers, and the fairy-like turrets, like pointed hill-tops are congregated together. The observatories seem to be lost in the vapours (of the morning), and the upper rooms tower above the clouds"
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नालंदा यूनिवर्सिटी - अभी तक के ज्ञात इतिहास की सबसे महान यूनिवर्सिटी । आज भले ही भारत शिक्षा के मामले में 191 देशों की लिस्ट में 145वें नम्बर पर हो लेकिन कभी यहीं भारत दुनियाँ के लिए ज्ञान का स्रोत हुआ करता था। आज सैकड़ो छात्रों पर केवल एक अध्यापक उपलब्ध होते हैं वहीं हजारों वर्ष पहले इस विश्वविद्यालय के वैभव के दिनों में इसमें 10,000 से अधिक छात्र और 2,000 शिक्षक शामिल थे यानी कि केवल 5 छात्रों पर एक अध्यापक ..। नालंदा में आठ अलग-अलग परिसर और 10 मंदिर थे, साथ ही कई अन्य मेडिटेशन हॉल और क्लासरूम थे। यहाँ एक पुस्तकालय 9 मंजिला इमारत में स्थित था, जिसमें 90 लाख पांडुलिपियों सहित लाखों किताबें रखी हुई थीं । यूनिवर्सिटी में सिर्फ भारत ही नहीं बल्कि कोरिया, जापान, चीन, तिब्बत, इंडोनेशिया, ईरान, ग्रीस, मंगोलिया समेत कई दूसरे देशो के स्टूडेंट्स भी पढ़ाई के लिए आते थे। और सबसे हैरान करने वाली बात यह है कि उस दौर में यहां लिटरेचर, एस्ट्रोलॉजी, साइकोलॉजी, लॉ, एस्ट्रोनॉमी, साइंस, इतिहास, मैथ्स, आर्किटेक्टर, भाषा विज्ञानं, इकोनॉमिक, मेडिसिन समेत कई विषय पढ़ाएं जाते थे। इसका पूरा परिसर एक विशाल दीवार से घिरा हुआ था जिसमें प्रवेश के लिए एक मुख्य द्वार था। उत्तर से दक्षिण की ओर मठों की कतार थी । केन्द्रीय विद्यालय में सात बड़े कक्ष थे और इसके अलावा तीन सौ अन्य कमरे थे। इनमें व्याख्यान हुआ करते थे। मठ एक से अधिक मंजिल के होते थे प्रत्येक मठ के आँगन में एक कुआँ बना था। आठ विशाल भवन, दस मंदिर, अनेक प्रार्थना कक्ष तथा अध्ययन कक्ष के अलावा इस परिसर में सुंदर बगीचे तथा झीलें भी थी। इस यूनिवर्सटी में देश विदेश से पढ़ने वाले छात्रों के लिए छात्रावास की सुविधा भी थी । यूनिवर्सिटी में प्रवेश परीक्षा इतनी कठिन होती थी की केवल विलक्षण प्रतिभाशाली विद्यार्थी ही प्रवेश पा सकते थे। यहां आज के विश्विद्यालयों की तरह छात्रों का अपना संघ होता था वे स्वयं इसकी व्यवस्था तथा चुनाव करते थे। छात्रों को किसी प्रकार की आर्थिक चिंता न थी। उनके लिए शिक्षा, भोजन, वस्त्र औषधि और उपचार सभी निःशुल्क थे। राज्य की ओर से विश्वविद्यालय को दो सौ गाँव दान में मिले थे, जिनसे प्राप्त आय और अनाज से उसका खर्च चलता था

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Nice and very informative vlog ...... I am also from nalanda Thank you so much to present this ancient nalanda University history and all other details in such a good manner .....everyone must go this place once in life so that they can connect with the root of Dharma ....it's the land of origin of the many Dharma ..land of budhha and Mahavira ❤️🙏🙏

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Nalanda is about 90 km southeast of Patna. Although its history goes back to the times of the Buddha, the university at Nalanda was founded in the 5th century CE, and it flourished for the next 700 years. Its decline began in the late Pala period, but the final blow was the invasion by Bakhtiyar Khilji around 1200 CE. The subjects that were taught at Nalanda included Buddhist scriptures (of both the Mahayana and Hinayana schools), philosophy, theology, metaphysics, logic, grammar, astronomy and medicine. Chinese travellers Hiuen-Tsang and I-Tsing had written detailed accounts about the university.

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