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A single-phase motor starter typically includes a starting capacitor in order to help the motor overcome its initial inertia and start rotating. This is necessary because single-phase AC power, unlike three-phase power, does not provide a rotating magnetic field on its own, which means that single-phase motors can experience a momentary loss of torque during startup.
By adding a starting capacitor to the motor circuit, the motor can temporarily store electrical energy and use it to create a phase shift in the start winding, which in turn generates a rotating magnetic field and helps the motor start rotating. However, if the starting capacitor remains in the circuit for too long, it can cause the motor to draw too much current and overheat, which can lead to damage or failure.
To prevent this from happening, a resistance can be added in series with the starting capacitor. This resistance limits the current that flows through the capacitor and prevents it from remaining in the circuit for too long, thus ensuring that the motor starts up smoothly without overheating.
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