Sanskritization I M.N Srinivas I Sociology I UPSC Optional Subject I UGC Net I Trust IAS

The term "Sanskritization" refers to a sociological and anthropological concept that was introduced by M.N. Srinivas, an Indian sociologist, in the mid-20th century. It is particularly relevant to the study of social change and mobility in Indian society. The theory of Sanskritization highlights the process through which lower-caste or non-dominant groups adopt the cultural practices, rituals, and values associated with higher castes, particularly Brahmins (the priestly class) in Hindu society.
Key features and components of the theory of Sanskritization include:
Cultural Imitation: Sanskritization involves the imitation and emulation of the customs, rituals, and practices associated with the higher castes. This often includes adopting Sanskrit-based religious texts, rituals, and ceremonies.
Social Mobility: The process of Sanskritization is driven by the desire for upward social mobility. Lower castes, by adopting the cultural elements of higher castes, seek to improve their social status and gain acceptance within the broader society.
Symbolic Practices: Sanskritization is not just about economic or political changes but is heavily focused on symbolic practices. This includes changes in dress, language, rituals, and dietary habits that are associated with the higher castes.
Rural-Urban Migration: Sanskritization is often observed in the context of rural-urban migration. As individuals and communities move to urban areas, they may encounter new social dynamics and seek to align themselves with the cultural practices of higher castes in the urban setting.
Religious Transformation: The adoption of higher-caste religious practices is a significant aspect of Sanskritization. This may involve a shift towards orthodox Brahmanical beliefs, rituals, and deities.
Social Change: Sanskritization is seen as a mechanism for social change within Indian society. By challenging the rigid hierarchy of caste, it introduces a dynamic element that allows for social mobility and flexibility.