I finally changed this plant's genes

[@offmeds2nite]

PhD student in Genetics here. You have mastered the art of scientific story telling here! This style is like a warm personalized version of deep look or science Friday with experimental play by play. This format has legs for mass appeal I think ❤ great job! Liked and subscribed. Should you decide to, I could see you with a blooming future in science communications 🙂

[@ScienceIRL]

@@offmeds2niteaw shucks thanks so much 🥹

[@comfortablynumb9342]

I'm a pest control technician and I found it very interesting too. Now I want fluorescent cannabis plants 🤣😜

[@live_long_and_prosper]

Real scientists do not behave like that. All that grinning excessive body language and eye rolling is not normal.

[@McQuat86]

So cool to see the plant side of science

[@Spectorblade]

Yay transhumanistic dystopian rituals

[@kumihoku]

So glad the YT algorithm is getting better again. This was a great video!

[@johnsmiff8328]

A lot of synthetic biologists are working on improving the efficiency of photosynthesis, and this is exactly why they use bacteria most of the time as models instead of plants.. genetic modification in plants requires formidable patience. It's always exciting to see new genetic tools working in new organisms, congratulations!!

[@michaell.7693]

Enjoyed that a great deal - seemed like an easy approach to transformation efficiency. Why it took 9ys is harder to grapple with.

[@theresegalenkatttant]

Currently taking a bachelor in biotechnology, and im so excited to have found this video! So easily explained and so much fun to see the process! We mostly worked with bacteria so far, but i really want to get into plants later on in my education! Thank you for this video!

[@filiproch3653]

glad to see more bio lab content on youtube!

[@jamesonstalanthasyu]

Congratulations on your progress!

[@scottbrewer474]

It's wild that gene splicing into bacteria is so commonplace now that it's talked about like changing a shirt - I remember my HS bio teacher talking about that being super cutting edge stuff back in the late '90s!

[@bluerryyy]

im just comming out of college and its so nice seeing people who absouletly love thier respective fields

[@kerwinphillips9813]

This is so exciting! I'm applying to PhD's right now after wanting to work with transgenic plants since I was 15 years old. I hope I get to use this protocol in my research, because that's really cool.

[@jordan3636]

you sound so pathetic when you pretend like this.

[@jordan3636]

everyone most people that get degrees like this are just in debt while an asian gets your job and all the credit for American reserch.

[@AppliedCryogenics]

Great work! This is an exciting development. It seems like often when a team is trying to coax an organism into factory work, they're working with yeast. That's cool too, but I'm glad to hear about success with flowering plants! On an unrelated note, Dr. Gong wears cool shirts.

[@HitsandHeadlines]

Create a evergreen conifer with purple and or blue needles

[@sebastianhama5624]

as a biomanufacturing engineer, this is absolutely fascinating

[@soumyadip-c6o]

It was superb to follow through this !! Molly and Yan please make glowing flowers with from these dev regulatory genes.

[@joeljain10]

wow youtube recommended new channel

[@sydnerd]

I just love I get to casually see some truly amazing science done in a comfortable setting that's at the same time strictly prohibited in Europe.

[@wva5089]

sweet topic!. and I love the necklace @5:10.. where can I get one like it?

[@elkudos6262]

Props to Yan. And millions of years of Agrobacterium evolution.

[@thebrainscoop]

MOLLY this is so cool!!! Omg I'm so happy for you & all your plant friends 🌸

[@ScienceIRL]

Thank you 😭the science is gonna be NEXT LEVEL now that we have this protocol

[@sleepydrJ]

Really great explanations! The cartoons are simple and clear, and the demos showing the different stages are very engaging!

[@justsomeguy4935]

Very cool video. The only thing that caught my attention was that I did not hear any mention of using an antibiotic resistance gene for the cali selection (like hygromycin resistance). Just using a visual marker like GFP is fine but you can generate cali with mixed cell populations so there could be some Wt cells in with the transformed cells. Is there a reason for doing it that way?

[@ScienceIRL]

Yan says that Aquilegia isn't sensitive to most selection treatments (it really is so picky 😂). But, since they're so terrible at regenerating, we can be fairly confident that the ones that do regenerate were successfully transformed because they must contain the developmental genes that allow for regeneration. The lab does also ofc check the regenerated plants for the transgenes!

[@justsomeguy4935]

@@ScienceIRL that makes sense. Thank you for the clarification!

[@Aiibh]

As a student in highschool who has studied basics of biotech, i KIND of understand y'all. What i don't understand is that how antibiotic resistance could act as a selectable marker for a plant. Why would the plant not be resistant to any antibiotic?

[@victhebest]

omg i just love science

[@MUBSHERAHMED-fo5kz]

I'm a Master student and done the maize transformation with superpromotor driving gfp , but for the first time i has seen your vaccum step. If you can kindly link the full protocol it will be very helpful.

[@ScienceIRL]

This protocol isn't published yet, but vacuum infiltration of tissue with agrobacterium (and fixatives for microscopy etc) is fairly common -- you can definitely find a generic protocol online and adapt it to your tissue! But it might be that you don't need it for maize, every species is different

[@BojangBugami]

Got recommended this video, lots of effort in the editing, congrats on your work, great video!

[@0xoRial]

Vigs as in virus induced gene silencing?

[@whothewho82]

This is so cool!!!!!

[@elvisbranchini]

Awesome, do you know what the developmental genes added to help the plant reform?

[@ScienceIRL]

Wox5!

[@elvisbranchini]

@ScienceIRL thank you!

[@CankuiZhang]

Great job, Molly and Yan

[@ScienceIRL]

Thank you Cankui! With Plantago and Aquilegia transformation protocols there is going to be such amazing new science happening 🤗

[@WalterHildahl]

So you created another GMO? {Franken plant}.

[@johnsmiff8328]

Yes, this is a GMO, and this method is going to be incredibly helpful for understanding the biology of how these plants develop

[@critic1236]

Why put the developemental genes along with the green gene in the bacteria instead of just adding the hormones to the media.

[@ScienceIRL]

@@critic1236 take a look at 07:14-07:48 where we explain that Aquilegia is unable to regenerate from callus with hormones alone, and requires the additional genes to do so

[@critic1236]

Thanks sorry I missed that. Do you have a reference on a publication on your research to do this?

[@ayushman_sr]

why she looks like villain from "My Lady Jane"

[@shamanfox5314]

I'm sorry, but i misheard organismic 🙈 But great job!!! 😍🤩👌👌

[@ScienceIRL]

@@shamanfox5314 the anxiety I would feel every time I had to say it in grad school 😂🫣

[@sleepydrJ]

Really great explanations! The cartoons are simple and clear, and the demos showing the different stages are very engaging! And kudos on developing this super efficient transformation method! I was sure it was going to splash all around that vacuum chamber!!

[@MicroscopyMan]

This is such a good and educative video. Thank You.

[@Kemecgabriel]

I'm really curious about those developmental genes that were added to the plasmid, but I couldn't find the article that talks about it in Yan's research. Can anyone give me a pointer so I can find more information about it?

[@ScienceIRL]

@@Kemecgabriel he used WOX5! 🧬🤗

[@sunoncream1118]

dont be fooled .. its those kind of guy that end up getting a job at mosanto to build roundup ready gmo corn ;)

[@A--_--M]

Great video! I am a Computer Scientist/ AI Engineer and I am extremely jealous of you and your tinkering at your grad school. While my work involves some research, it's extremely boring because I have to try different AI tuning techniques and re-runs dozens of algorithms to see measurable improvements in the model's output. I am so fascinated by both of you! Anyway, I had one question about the fluorescence experiment - how do you know that it's the plan cells that have absorbed the DNA of the bacterium (pardon my poor knowledge on how this works) and are glowing not because of the hormones sucked in by the plant cells? Plainly put, how do you know that the fluorescence is because of the chemical (hormone?) that was injected and not because of the DNA that was modified by those hormones.

[@ScienceIRL]

@@A--_--M hormones can't cause fluorescence -- the gene that the agrobacteria inserted into the plant's DNA encodes a green fluorescent protein. A gene is an instruction manual for how to make a protein. A cell can only make GFP if it has that instruction manual, so we had agrobacteria give the plant cells those instructions! The purpose of the hormones is to help the plant callus regenerate into a plant again. Hormones can regulate genes (turn them on and off) - so changing hormone levels in the media turns on genes that help the callus make roots and shoots. Hope that helps clarify things!

[@Awesome-oz4dh]

Love to see other plant genetics labs as a current undergrad in an arabidopsis epidermal cell fate lab. Really cool vid and it’s so cool to see the methods I’m using be used for a completely different project! Also I’m so glad that I can do agro dips with arabidopsis, but moments like this are so amazing!

[@ScienceIRL]

@@Awesome-oz4dh I will forever be jealous of Arabidopsis dips 😂

[@ClemonsKunkel]

Awesome 😎. Cool

[@shambler1597]

really cool! 4:53 does the new transformation protocol still retain the ability to turn genes off?

[@ScienceIRL]

Yes! We were adding fun glowy genes in this case, but you could totally use it to turn genes off instead

[@corvo9249]

Is Aquilegia canadensis able to cross pollinate with non native hybrid columbines? I'm asking because I have Aquilegia canadensis that I want to collect seed from but am worried their seed might be crossed with hybrid columbines I have growing as well.

[@ScienceIRL]

@@corvo9249 great question! Yes, they can hybridize like crazy. But it's worth growing up some of the seed and seeing what you get -- they may have self pollinated or cross pollinated successfully with another canadensis. Next time they bloom, you can cover a flower or two with a little mesh baggie so pollinators can't access it, and pollinate them yourself to ensure it's true!

[@colesneed2547]

genetic modification stuff is so cool!

[@user255]

So the callus culture phase is only to select transformed cells into plants? If you treat the plants with antibiotics after the vacuum step, do they still die or do the apical meristems remain unchanged? Or what is the problem?

[@justsomeguy4935]

During transformation events only a low percentage of cells will actually be transformed, and even then many of the transformations are unstable and will get removed from the plant’s genome after a few days. The cali stage is there to give the few transformed cells time to grow and regenerate into a whole plant. You would need to be extremely lucky or just transform thousands of plants if you wanted to get the meristem transformed. Making a Cali from every cell of the plant ensures you get something out of it

[@user255]

@@justsomeguy4935 Yes, this was my suspicion. It's just that example A. thaliana can be transformed with floral dip method alone. Of course not all seeds are transformed, but enough still. No need for callus culture.

[@ScienceIRL]

I just checked with Yan and he confirmed that the SAM can't be easily transformed even with vacuum, so we unfortunately do need the callus step to ensure we are capturing transformed cells. I wish we could do the floral dip method with Aquilegia, life would be so much easier 😂

[@user255]

@@ScienceIRL Thanks for the info!

[@williampotie6271]

Incredible ! This is clearly amazing. But I was wondering, do you need a specific sterilization step before inducing callus ?

[@cheesehead9980]

i’m cs major but a part of me wishes i went into this career, i recently got into plants and i think the genetics behind them are beyond fascinating, id love to see more

[@KetansaCreatesArt]

The thumbnail of your video looks like..... what you want it to look like 🤭

[@Chemisynthstrucplexifyimunosys]

So, when you plant these genetically modified plants or regenerate them, the GFP marker inserted into their genetic code will be retained. As the plants grow and produce seeds, the GFP trait will be passed down to the next generation. This means that when you receive seeds from the new plants, their growth cycle will also express the GFP trait, and they will retain the glowing characteristics of the original plants. Is this correct?

[@ScienceIRL]

@@Chemisynthstrucplexifyimunosys yes!! So much more efficient than VIGS. VIGS plants couldn't pass the genetic transformation on to their offspring, so we had to repeat the experiment every time we needed more plants

[@giacomofrattini4456]

So you might be able to generate a plant able to be used as a conductor for electricity? Or something like that?

[@giacomofrattini4456]

Well yours seems a wonderful discovery. Not really GMO fan, but they might become the cure for apocalypse.

[@UltraBeats-f2g]

I was here

[@josecorona9745]

Literally found your channel by this video, just wanted to let you know that I thought you'd have MILLIONS of subscribers. I'm so incredibly excited to see this kind of content, because having a glimpse into this kind of work and making these discoveries is something I've always wanted to see. Thank you for the higher education I normally don't get!

[@anuprai4408]

Nice Video!! Really loved it.. Are there any other KZbin channels that focus specifically on plant research?

[@ScienceIRL]

Yes!! www.youtube.com/@PlantsAreCoolToo www.youtube.com/@DanforthPlantScience www.youtube.com/@ATinyGreenCell www.youtube.com/@summerrayneoakes www.youtube.com/@CrimePaysButBotanyDoesnt www.youtube.com/@kewgardens/ Crash Course Botany: kzbin.info/aero/PL8dPuuaLjXtOhFQOVdutRTxvUI1UeCcax Hungry Planet on PBS Terra: kzbin.info/aero/PLnNZYWyBGJ1GLQf9_XgIa1ibNZ1jMOPQj On instagram, @ aplantbiologist, @ letsbotanize, & @ blackforager make amazing plant content!

[@tuxuhds6955]

Are these new modified plants sterile or can they produce seeds that could reproduce?? Maybe it's because you were dealing with a tissue that wasn't from the reproductive system but I'm asking that because they needed additional genes insertions, their DNA was not self sufficient for an autonomous growth process.

[@JonKloske]

This was fantastic! Really exciting to see on a practical level how the process works! (Small note: I feel like the left and right audio channels were backward.)

[@aadi.-.]

this was fun to watch

[@billiamsexpyar]

U r genius buddy proud 👏 of u

[@mateowoetam]

I NEED to ask my professors if I can do something like this next semester.

[@rrrajlive]

Hi I have done my PhD on plant genetic transformation......worked on multiple plants over the years......but I don't have papers as the Professors got all the papers. That's how it works here. How can I get a Postdoc. No opportunity here in India. Jobs available have salary less than road side snacks seller. Can you make one video on how to get a postdoc with very less papers but only based on experience and expertise and knowledge?

[@moroteseoinage]

When does the Columbian Cauliflower drop?

[@danieldeelite]

hell yeah, stereo interview mix

[@JackMarston1907]

Congratulations on your remarkable achievement! We look forward to see you continue making significant contributions, perhaps something transformative and impactful for humanity. Your progress through your videos so far has been truly commendable, and it’s inspiring to witness your dedication.

[@noimnotakpoppfpsheacy2526]

Im happy to witness this

[@alveolate]

yan CAN cook!

[@daveton9033]

Change the Gene for what reason? Have we not learn enough lessons for playing God?!

[@sutionojoyodiningrat3610]

Congratulations 🎉

[@frozenBird925]

This took 9 years? I change my genes every day! Sometimes I put on blue genes, sometimes black ripped genes

[@ScienceIRL]

@@frozenBird925 😂🥁

[@peppermintprincess4628]

Woah so cool to see plant side of science!!! Biology could be cool too, grateful to see this vid❤

[@SideWalkAstronomyNetherlands]

Tryfids?

[@neilbeni7744]

Freaky..

[@Mr.ChaosPollensAllAround]

Oh my! This is so exciting 😆

[@kevinz6018]

>Me and my girlfriend walking in a public rose garden Me: “I cant believe some idiot wasted their entire life crossing flowers all day to make these varieties” Her: “yeah that’s so dumb, it’s not like doing that ever invented modern genetics or anything” Me: “what?”

[@Stealthsilent1337]

WOW 👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏 Congrats!!!!!!!!!

[@ChandrashekarCN]

💖💖💖💖

[@ChadKovac]

Have you referenced Dr. Michael Levin's work on ions? Non-nurial intelligence and agential materials? It's looking at the DNA a misleading path? Dr Levin's work indicated the controlling factor seems to be via ionic electrical stimulation.. or the software. Not the DNA hardware. The atoms ionic properties in the proteins generated by the DNA not the DNA itself?

[@Miyelinkılıfı]

cool beans

[@TemplarX2]

Lame.

[@gekkkoincroe]

Your lab is contaminated

[@TonyToed]

it's not her lab? and they're doing it with plants? its fine?

[@Nanamowa]

Your brain is contaminated.

[@garenafreefire2047]

9 years to change gene😭 that's for a plant.How much it takes for an animal gene to change

[@Martiniiiiiiiiii]

I love how excited you are about bathing seedlings with bacteria. 9 years! 😊🫶