let's take a moment to appreciate this beautiful ladyy whose intense voice made the video more interesting... Har Har mahadev.. ❤❤
@RAAAZofficial Жыл бұрын
Thank you so much, @Baba_Ansh! We're thrilled to hear that you enjoyed the narration. For more such videos and to be part of our journey, you can support us here - bitly.ws/36Lt6. Each story unfolds thanks to viewers like you! Har Har Mahadev! 🙏❤
@peterpace3379 Жыл бұрын
@@RAAAZofficialHar Har Mahadev 🙏🏽
@poojagupta2588 Жыл бұрын
@@RAAAZofficialMister Deepanshu Raj kab apni Maa juda koi Raaz(Mystery) khol (खोल) rhe he, jaise aap log Maa Parvati ko bhagwan shiv ki Maa bta rhe hain. Eqlipse Nova means Deepanshu Raj apne Mata - pita(Father)se jude raaz bhi khole (खोले) jra, kripya karke.
@syd_27 Жыл бұрын
@@poojagupta2588what? Please explain properly
@Namanatic6910 Жыл бұрын
Har Har Mahadev! Jai Shambhu!
@prithvianitaanil2139 Жыл бұрын
I have visited Tarapith temple and its true that without the ashes from funeral pyre, Bhog is not offered to Maa Tara and the soil from the Mahashmashan is considered to ward off negativity if kept at home.. Goat sacrifices and liquor are offered to Maa regularly which seems to be very unusual but, its a place full of high energies and positivity! Jay Maa Tara! Jay Bamdev baba! 🙏
@peterpace3379 Жыл бұрын
Under what purpose shoyld we visit the temple? Surely it's not a place that one would visit just for the sake of seeing all temples, right?
@ushreebakshi8818 Жыл бұрын
A lot of people actually do visit the temple just to offer puja to Maa Tara. As she is seen as a Mother Goddess. Also it is a Shaktipith so a lot of people visit the temple everyday to worship Maa Tara.@@peterpace3379
@prithvianitaanil2139 Жыл бұрын
@@peterpace3379 If you're a Devi or Shiva Bhakt then definitely you should visit this place with complete devotion but not with the intentions of taking revenge or harming anyone as it's a Tantric temple and most of the people visit these places for such purposes.
@unknownflutist3964 Жыл бұрын
@@peterpace3379mann main bhakti aur maa ko dekhne jao maa ashirbad denge tumhe aur tumhare family ko.. Bad negative kuch soch k mat jao bas... Main west bengal main rehta hun.. Aur Bohot bar geya hun Maa k pas puja dene keliye maa ko dekhne keliye... Recently geya hun... Bas Saaf mann je jao bhai Maa ashirbad denge tumhe... Aur Shamshaan main ghumke ao puja deke ao achha lageka.. Hum jate hai jab bhi man hota hai chale jata hun
@aishwaryajaitly27273 ай бұрын
Hi I just want to know is my wish will be completed there through tantric vidhya?@@prithvianitaanil2139
@tivo3720 Жыл бұрын
I visited tarapith and tarapith mahaswashan . Nothing to fear .... Its very clam and pleasing. Hari Om 🙏🕉️
@debasmitadasgupta1093 ай бұрын
Joy maa Tara
@ricksaha31536 ай бұрын
Being a Bengali and born and brought up in Bengal this ep is quite a bone chilling thing for us. Thank you for the lovely Ep. Jai MAA TARA!
@dorabanerjee2188 Жыл бұрын
Jai maa tara.... I visited this holy place tarapith once every year since my childhood days... It is true maa is very powerful and there always a positive energy being arrond. Maa tara is very korunamoyee.
@meenalmeenu9516 Жыл бұрын
Aur kisi ko janna ho ya nhi...but mujhe har ek cheez ke baare m details janna pasand h...plz aap ek proper detailed video TARAPITH pr bhi banaye✨
@northeast7416 Жыл бұрын
Than u r like me
@AngadShaw-zq6dq Жыл бұрын
Like me 2
@Roudra_78 Жыл бұрын
Tarapith se hu mai
@Shama32507 ай бұрын
@@Roudra_78Bhai ma tara ji ke Mandir ana hai or kuchh problem hai usko bhi thik Karna hai meri help karo
@Roudra_787 ай бұрын
@@Shama3250 ap jaha se ho waha se apko west bengal shialda station ana parega or waha se apko rampurhat ki train pakar ke ana parega ap station se temple ja sakte hai
@mahirarajput5952 Жыл бұрын
Maa adishakti jagdamba is everything and everything comes from her and in last everything comes to rest in her
@swetabhowmick8920 Жыл бұрын
I am a regular visiter to Taraphit. Some people r afraid of this temple and stories related to it's samsan, bt the calmness and love tara maa's face has it gives alot of peace to ur soul❤ JOY MAA TARA❤
@aishwaryajaitly27273 ай бұрын
Hi Sweta I want to know something about this temple
@vikramadityakaushik33033 ай бұрын
Mahashmshan is almost captured by the Pandas. So, it has lost it's essence. It has became a commercial place now. Only the chosen one by MAA could revive the energy there. Btw it's all her maya🙏🏻🙏🏻 Jay Jay Tara🙏🏻🙏🏻
@raavyak18532 ай бұрын
Joy maa Tara 🪷🔱🙏
@amartyade84642 ай бұрын
Joy Maa Tara!
@hariegomoji Жыл бұрын
Raaaz never disappoint us with their podcast of hidden knowledge of the Sanatan Dharma. Sometimes I feel that Prabhu Krishna shown me this channel which I subscribe to increase my knowledge. Thanks.
@toralpatel2101 Жыл бұрын
जय मां तारा 🕉️🕉️🕉️🙏🙏🙏 हर हर महादेव🕉️🕉️🕉️🙏🙏🙏.
@Yongkhkhap Жыл бұрын
I am from bhutan and following vajrayana tradition , in vajrayana too ma tara is worshipped but we have 51 types of tara and green tara(kali) is highest
@Zyan1122 Жыл бұрын
Hii yong i want to know more about tara mata how can i get more information
@Yongkhkhap Жыл бұрын
@@Zyan1122 here in Bhutan from childhood only I am listening Tara ma stories , you can refer to KZbin videos or Tibetan tripitaka, in hindu vedas also mata is mentioned, in Buddhist vedas there are 51 Tara ma but in rig Veda there are 21 Tara ma
@tenzinnams-w7x2 ай бұрын
absolutely wrong aku drukpa la, in rig veda there is one tara not 21😂😂
@poojaroybagchiwriter-autho37224 ай бұрын
Chinnamasta Ma is the most misunderstood form of Ma. PPL get terrified by looking at her beheaded head and 3 sprout of blood pouring out. But the story behind will only increase the tremendous respect for Ma even more than we actually do. Love her every form, even the one's which looks terrifiing
@sumanmaharaj47993 күн бұрын
True Jay maaa chinnamasta
@penpachokpa10329 ай бұрын
Thank you mam for sharing on Tara maa story,I am Tibetan and we do follow Tara mantra,it's benefit for all living beings....
@sumanmaharaj47993 күн бұрын
Tibetan tara mantra and sanatani tantrik tara sadhana bij mantra is different
@ayushmanbhattacharya9383 Жыл бұрын
I am from Kolkata and I recently visited Tarapith. I believe in maa tara but it is true that she is not the mother of Shiva because Shiva is parampita and Devi Parvati is all mighty mother
@ushreebakshi8818 Жыл бұрын
Did you watch the full video? The quotation is misleading that Tara is called Mahadev's mother but the actual story is different. They also told story in the video. She is not the mother of Shiva but she did what a mother would do for him.
@tiatamera-jf6cs Жыл бұрын
exactly @@ushreebakshi8818
@pritamroy88725 ай бұрын
I have four Maa Tara photo frame in my house. Jai Maa Tara, Jai Shree Krishna, Jai Shree Ram.
@a_small_devotee6 ай бұрын
That photo of Maa ugratara , is from Maa Ugratara temple at khurda district in odisha , it is near to my native place , I have personally experienced presence of Maa ugratara when i visited her temple for very first time . She is really wonderful . Every day fish curry is given as prasad in the temple . A must visit place for those who want to feel her presence. Jai Maa Ugratara 🙏🙏🙏
@surajkumardas2607 Жыл бұрын
HAR HAR MAHADEV ❣️ JAI SHIV 💞 SHAKTI 💞🔱
@subhashinivlogs19556 ай бұрын
I went this temple very powerful aura .and devotees were very devoted chantigs like jai tara jai jai maa tara . I was impressed .jam maa ta di
@sumanmaharaj47993 күн бұрын
Jay maaa tara
@surajkumardas2607 Жыл бұрын
JAI MAA PARVATI ❣️ HAR HAR MAHADEV ❣️🔱
@manjisthaghosh52774 ай бұрын
I am born and brought up in bengal . There are so many kali temples located in my state. I visited Tarapith twice and I really like the place. We worship kali mata as mother and daughter. I don't know why people are afraid from maa kali.??
@dawadolma60036 ай бұрын
Yes in buddhism we 21 forms of Jetsun Dolma we practice it for enlightenment and i personally suggest you to practice Tara only when you have deep knowledge.....as discipline is a must in this reciting her mantra can do miracles but under the guidance of guru it will be great.....For me Ma Tara appread in 2020 so i had been practicing it for almost 4 years now....
@vasumaansingh8761 Жыл бұрын
She is the one can't be destroyed and can't be birthed Maa adiaparashakti❤❤🫸🫷🙏
@millankumar9580 Жыл бұрын
Me Ugratara gaya haoon.... Aur ye mandir Khurda me hai ..... Maa ki mamta bahot krupalu hai..... Wahan ki vatbaran bahot sudh hai
@Cute_animal0778 ай бұрын
Kaha pr he maa ugra tara k mandir
@agnishikhanayak37 ай бұрын
@@Cute_animal077Bhushandpur, Khordha, Odisha
@thecomrade-kx5uv6 ай бұрын
@@Cute_animal077 khordha, Odisha
@Prerona_Mondal10 ай бұрын
I am from Kolkata, West Bengal..I love to know details about every places every behind stories..also want a detailed video on tarapith
@AamalaStore-rv5xk Жыл бұрын
Amazing & awesome. OM TARAY TURAY TUTARAY TURAY SOHAAA. It’s a Tibetan Buddhist of Tara Goddess mantra. Looking forward to see more about 21 Tara info 🙇🫶
@pushpeshsharma305310 ай бұрын
is buddhist tara and this Tara maa same
@itsriddhi90926 ай бұрын
@@pushpeshsharma3053Yes
@nicholassookdeo94416 ай бұрын
@@pushpeshsharma3053 so from what I've learnt the shaktas traced their worship of tara back to the story/lineage of vashista. The oldest manuscript giving instruction on her is the mahacina tara sadhana mandala which comes from tibet. The book also gives the vamachara way of worship, of her and chinnamasta who is one of the forms of vajrayogini, a buddhist goddess/buddha. I believe both of those deities were inducted into the shakta traditions from that manuscript. There is alot of conflation and borrowing of deities/ideas from traditions/religions/cultures/spiritualities in past/present subcontiental India and its surrounding regions. Hence Tara may have the same origin but different practices/views in their traditions/lineages in current day Vajrayana Buddhism and Shaktism.
@yanjanakashyap Жыл бұрын
I don't know about other states but in haryana sherawali mata ka jagrata incomplete mana jata hai tara rani ki khani ke bina...it's an amazing story I've heard it only once
@megha65134 ай бұрын
Tara Rani maa ki upasak rhi h or ye Maa Tara h jo Maa Parvati ka swaroop h
@sumanmaharaj47993 күн бұрын
Jay maaaa tara
@priyanshusaini8180 Жыл бұрын
Her voice is amazing 😍
@ShobhitJain943 Жыл бұрын
Another beautiful video I love it ❤❤ yes I recommended you ki aap tara path par detailed video banaye ❤
@RAAAZofficial Жыл бұрын
Thrilled you loved the video, @ShobhitJain-id2xd! 🌟 Your feedback guides us, and we're glad to deliver the stories you seek. For more such videos and to be part of our journey, you can support us here - bitly.ws/36Lt6 Also, Keep the suggestions coming! ❤
@Indian__ball Жыл бұрын
Yes, we want a seperate video with a deatailed explaination on devi tara
@Tarapith_daily_darshan Жыл бұрын
Jay maa tara . ❤ I am savayet of Tarapith taramaata temple ❤️🌺 yours talks are right . Make a video on TARAPITH and TARAPITH MAHASAMSHAN . And also come Tarapith..
@Sakshi-xu2fb4 күн бұрын
Jai Jai Maa AdiparaShakti jagdambaike Tara Mahashaktipeeth ❤😊
@indraneilnandi4461 Жыл бұрын
Lovely Jai Mata Di
@shubhamshinde1781 Жыл бұрын
YT only use for this Channel Best informatic video all of All the best
@debashishgoswami34818 күн бұрын
Jai Maa Adi Shakti ki jai . Jai MAA Tara. Jai MAA Tara. Jai MAA Tara.
@poulamidas200120 күн бұрын
6:25 it's not blood. It' 'altaa' which offered by devotees to devi tara's holy feet that worshiped in temple
@sumanmaharaj47993 күн бұрын
Exactly
@dishamustafi16647 ай бұрын
Tarapith mandir mai har taraf rakt nhi rehta hai aur main garbagriha jidhar ma rehti hai udhar rakt and alcohol naturally allow nhi hote hai, ek specific place hai mandir mai waha hota hai Bali kriya. ☆ fact : tarapith ka shamshan maha shamshan hai that means idhar 24*7 har bakt Chita jalti rehti hai
@sumanmaharaj47993 күн бұрын
Ha tarapeeth ka samshan mahasamshan hain
@Hindu-vn7bv Жыл бұрын
Maa tara ki jay ho 🚩🔥
@sunnykumar-ii8fn Жыл бұрын
Yes... Main gya hu yahaa pr... Jai ma tara 🙏🙏🙏🙏🌺🌺🌺🌺
@shubhammurkute1674 Жыл бұрын
the editing is superb....thnx for such knowledgeful vdos.....pls make a vdo on devi adi parashakti
@suspendead01 Жыл бұрын
Yeah editing like a proper bollywood horror movie😂
@Jayantadas1119 күн бұрын
জয় মা তারা🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
@poojaroybagchiwriter-autho37224 ай бұрын
Love you Tara maa. Koti Naman to your every every roop, ma 🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻
@sumanmaharaj47993 күн бұрын
Jay maaa tara
@JyotiKumari-gw5oc2 ай бұрын
Jai Maa Tara devi 🙏❣️🌺💐🥰🙏
@HOST20024 ай бұрын
তারাপীঠ is our emotion 🌺✨🕉 I'm aslo from near tarapith
@bhole_005 ай бұрын
श्मशान मे हि तो जीवन का सच दिखाई देता हे।अर मा तो मा होती हे, चाहे ओं किसी भी रुप में हों। जय मा ৺तारा।
@pulokmitra90995 ай бұрын
Maa Har waqt Hai Hamare Sath JAI MAA JAI BABA JAI SHREE BAAM DEV
@anandasaha4570 Жыл бұрын
Hring sring hung phat....beej mantra of Tara ma
@mahitiwari15695 ай бұрын
Om tare tu tare ture soha 🙏🏻❤️🧿jai ma tara
@HelperforotherChannels6 ай бұрын
Jai maa tara ❤❤har har sadha shiv ❤❤😊❤😊😊❤❤😊❤😊❤😊❤❤😊❤😊❤😊
@ManjulaShukla-h6u12 күн бұрын
Jai maa Tara❤❤❤❤🙏🙏🙏🙏
@Arnavyadav62 Жыл бұрын
हर हर महादेव🕉🕉🕉🙏🙏🙏 I recommended you ki aap Tara Peeth par detailed video banaye.
@syd_27 Жыл бұрын
Want more details about Maa Tara!!! Jai Maa Bhawani Jai Maa Shakti Jai Maa Durga Jai Maa Shakti….. OM Namo Nama Shivaya….. Jai Shiva Omkara
@Cute_animal0778 ай бұрын
You can hear podcast of rajrishi nandy unhone bhut kuch btya he😊
@sumanmaharaj47993 күн бұрын
Within 10 mahavidiya she is the 2nd mahavidiya,1st mahavidiya is kali and 2nd is devi tara,kali and tara are both bramhavidiya,and we say kali tara swamo vaba it means they are same,yes but they have some difference in kram,or in sadhana,tarajad 8 forms total in sanatan tantrik process,main 3 forms are ugra tara,nilsaraswati,and ekjata
@Sakshi-xu2fb4 күн бұрын
Jai Jai Maa AdiparaShakti jagdambaike mahakalike chamundeshwari Bhagwati Bhawani Shankari Rudrani kapalini trilochana Mahashakti mahadurga mahadevi sacchindamayi swaroopni purnparambrahma Nirakarrupini MaiyaRani Kalike Bhawani Maa Tara Mahashaktipeeth ❤😊🙏🏻🫀😘🚩✨👑
@priyanshumahajan616716 күн бұрын
Jai Maa Shree Tara Devi Mata Ji ❤❤❤❤
@shikshapratibhapandey4136 ай бұрын
JAI MAA TARA JI RADHE RADHE..
@choiketghyeltsen0051 Жыл бұрын
Tara is a significant figure in Buddhism but there is no context in any of our scriptures that the Buddha worship her. Please make the correction. Thank you
@iamkaviyah2 ай бұрын
Yes this is wrong. Original theravada Buddhism reject these nonsense. A Buddha worship no one.
@sudiptadas28082 күн бұрын
JOY MAA KALI❤️❤️❤️🙏🙏🙏
@dancewithsriparna76376 ай бұрын
I am from tarapith ❤ Jai ma Tara🙏🏻
@AneekGhosh-p1x27 күн бұрын
Jai ma Tara kali love from west bengal ❤
@parulgoyal4640 Жыл бұрын
🕉️ NAMAH SHIVAAY 🙏 🙏
@sabyasachidas4566 ай бұрын
I am from Tarapith ... tara ma is very kind to every human being
@Brahman_boy_dipu5 ай бұрын
Good explanation didi ❤ issea bohat log jan payange meri maa ko Joy boro mayer joy❤❤
@shivamchatterjee85518 ай бұрын
Me tarapith sa hu, and pandit hu, story pata tha, but apsa sunka jada samaj me aya❤❤
@bijeshsingh9216 күн бұрын
JOY MAA TARA🙏🙏
@aadya1944 Жыл бұрын
Yes please 🙏 make video on MAA TARA❤
@Raiseyourfaith7 Жыл бұрын
om namah shivaya ❣️
@prabhulalmistry312 Жыл бұрын
Yesss mother God maa Tara 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
@VincenXOp Жыл бұрын
First comment big fan
@rupalibehera42065 ай бұрын
Sab kehte he MAA ugra tara ugrarupa hei main to manti hnu MAA to MAA 🙏hote he , sada krupamayee MAA
@sumanmaharaj47993 күн бұрын
Yes she is mother universe yes she is also ugra but also mamtamayi
@dr.vijaykumar30602 ай бұрын
Jai Mata Tara Devi Ki 🙏🔱🚩
@Gleamingirll Жыл бұрын
Very well told ❤need more on this
@samrao3660Ай бұрын
Jai Tara Maa ❤🙏 Har Har Mahadev 🙏
@enakshibanerjee92276 ай бұрын
Its an amazing video but..just one line i want to rectify.. Mandir ki zameen pe shamshaan nahi bana . Shamshan ki zameen pe mandir banaya gaya. Qki Maa tara aesi devi hai jo marne ke baad bhi insaan ka saath nahi chorti. Aatma ko mukti mile. Shanti mile aur marne ke baad bhi insaan ko sahi disha Maa tara dikhati hai. Isiliye shamshaan mei woh reheti hai.
@sumanmaharaj47993 күн бұрын
True true Jay maaaa tara
@SwarajVaidya-u4q2 ай бұрын
❤om Aai tulja bhavani namaha❤om durgeshwari yay namaha❤om chamundeshwari yay namaha❤
@isaryamybaby Жыл бұрын
My guru has seen Maa Tara ❤
@WonderHiya7155 ай бұрын
I am from tarapith Apki video dekh kar bohat acchi lagi।। ❤❤ From tarapith ❤
@Galaxy-pb8jp Жыл бұрын
Ma Tara di🥰🙏💝
@Kp-sl2wd4 ай бұрын
i'm litterely being obsessed by the edit of this video
@riteshburnwal5991 Жыл бұрын
😍❤💖🤩 decoding bharat series ke lord Brahma ke biography per video chahiye 🔱🕉🙏🚩 Har Har Mahadev Shiv Shiv 🙏🚩🕉🔱
@RAAAZofficial Жыл бұрын
Your enthusiasm is infectious, @riteshburnwal5991! 🌟 A biography of Lord Brahma is a grand idea and it's definitely on our radar for the Decoding Bharat series. Stay tuned! Har Har Mahadev 🙏✨
@riteshburnwal5991 Жыл бұрын
@@RAAAZofficial thank you very much 😃🤝
@rahulmukherjee8046 ай бұрын
🕉️🚩JOY MAA TARA...JOY BABA BAMDEV🚩🕉️
@hellzoneyt7248 Жыл бұрын
JOY MAA TARA♥️🙏 GURU BAAM DEVER JOY 🙏
@vinayaksharma5326 Жыл бұрын
Please make video on each jyotirling covering their unsung unseen stories
@asishpattnayak3164 Жыл бұрын
Har har Mahadev 🙏 maa 🙏
@Ram-jj9es Жыл бұрын
Jay shree ram bhagwaan ji 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏Jay mata rani ji 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
@anjalishaw54003 ай бұрын
Maa Tara a lot for us .....joy maa tara
@CriminologyStudyResearch2 ай бұрын
✝️✝️✝️Goddess Tara is a Form one the many Forms of Goddess Adi parashakti...but Goddess tara is worshipped in many religions not only Occultism or Witchcraft in Hinduism n Biddhism as well✝️✝️✝️
@sumanmaharaj47993 күн бұрын
Yes Jay maaa tara
@subhorajDutta6 ай бұрын
I am from birbhum and love this vedio ❤love from bengali
@dineshlilhare-pz4qj2 ай бұрын
Jay shree Krishna.... jay maa tara❤😊
@jaydeepraj8915 Жыл бұрын
Jay Tara..🙏
@mr2X20234 ай бұрын
তারা তুই ছাড়া কে শান্তি দেবে বলনা এমন করে 🌺🌺 জয় মা তারা🌺🌺। 🌺🌺জয় বামা 🌺🌺
@ShrutiSharma-bx6ur4 ай бұрын
Jai maa tara jai jai maa tara😢❤🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
@soham355913 күн бұрын
We want detailed video on maa tara
@bipin_raut Жыл бұрын
Very beautiful, thank you so much🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
@manjumalick4103Күн бұрын
জয় মা 🙏🌺❤️🌺
@Pandeyji_128 күн бұрын
जय मां तारा 🙏 जय भोलेनाथ 🙏
@Jyotisoni-rc3no3 ай бұрын
Jay maa tara kali ❤om namah shivaye ❤
@Itzjustindianeditz23 күн бұрын
Tarapith is the place where my maternal grandpa had an ashrama . On his death anniversary, the one in 2023 i remember we hosted a free lunch for devotees , his ashrama has Pahadi Baba's statue in it .
@Priya_Show_9035 ай бұрын
Love from Tarapith ❤✨
@AriSikdar2 ай бұрын
There was a time when people were really afraid of going to visit the samshan...at that time tarapith mandir was surrounded by Jungle and no lights no rasta hotels ko to bhul hi jao...but now the time has changed...aab waha koi daar nahi hai..charo taraf itni roshni hai aur itna crowd.. bohut kuch badal chuka hain.