Рет қаралды 9
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1. Phonetics: The study of the sounds of language, including their production, acoustic properties, and perception.
2. Phonemes: The smallest units of sound in a language that distinguish one word from another. Phonemes are abstract representations of sounds.
3. Vowels: Sounds made without blocking the airflow in the mouth, characterized by an open vocal tract. In English, vowels are A, E, I, O, U, and sometimes Y.
4. Short Vowels: Vowels pronounced for a shorter duration, typically in stressed syllables. In English, short vowels are /ɪ/ (bit), /ɛ/ (bet), /æ/ (bat), /ɔ/ (hot), /ʊ/ (put).
5. Long Vowels: Vowels pronounced for a longer duration, typically in unstressed syllables. In English, long vowels are /iː/ (beat), /eɪ/ (play), /aɪ/ (buy), /aʊ/ (how), /uː/ (boot).
6. Diphthongs: Gliding sounds that combine two adjacent vowel sounds pronounced in a single syllable, like /aɪ/ (buy), /aʊ/ (how), /eɪ/ (play), /oʊ/ (go).
7. Consonants: Sounds made by obstructing the airflow in the mouth, characterized by a blocked or restricted vocal tract. In English, consonants include stops (p, t, k), fricatives (f, v, s), nasals (m, n), liquids (l, r), and semivowels (w, j).
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