有關自由意志嘅問題,演化心理學認為自我意識係腦部産生,並非自有永有。所以人實在沒有自由意志。但發人心醒 既係取而代之我哋有自由意志嘅假象。 我哋會滿以為自己有自由意志,其實都係由億百萬年來演化出嚟嘅腦袋之潛意識產生出嚟嘅假象。我哋嘅選擇並非真正選擇。 一切都係由環境同埋演化心理盤算產生出嚟嘅幻覺。 There is no such thing as absolute free will. What is truly in its place is illusion of free will.
@dudleylai7783 жыл бұрын
Richard Dawkins is a biologist who is a zealous atheist. He advocates his atheistic philosophy based on Darwinism through reductionism, collapsing everything, including human virtues, ethics and metaphysics under it. I'm pleased Dr Chiu and Prof are critical in reading his stuff.
書名為自私基因 顧名思義 真正地被選擇嘅係基因本身,並非獨立個體或者物種全部. So it is not individual selection; it is not kin selection, but gene selection. It is gene being the most fundamental unit bring selected during the course of evolution.
I don't think you understand what Dawkin is saying in the book. For example, the "gene" here refers to the information content, not the physical content. Just as gene survives in organisms, meme survives in the brain. And by no means is he suggesting social Dawinism. Lastly, on free will, he explicitly refers to his philosopher friend, Dan Danett for discussion.
@thomasiyКүн бұрын
我冇睇過本書,如果喺咁,點解人會自殺?
@kevinlung3 жыл бұрын
Darwin's evolution is missing a very important process of "cooperation" in nature. Cooperation means species are also helping each other to survive. Every species are actually co-evolving. For instance, plant evolved to generate oxygen and at the same time animals can evolve to use it to breath for energy. Animals need plant for food and nutrients and plant need nutrients from dead animals. In other word, animal and plant are cooperating together in evolution to live together. There are many examples of co-operation such as ants and bees have divided functions in a society. Animals hunts and live in groups. Human live in villages and cities and has divided function. This are many big sign of manifestation of cooperation. Lions or tigers prey on weaker animals but they mostly prey on those weaker or sick individual. People say predators function is to control population instead of wipe out preys. A balance number of predators and prey in a certain environment can prevent natural dissastors food sources from diminishing and harming natural resources which is actually beneficial to both species and nature. Overgrown species will harm nature if balance cannot achieve. It is also a sign a of cooperation of both species to maintain the balance. If there is any over evolved species and wiping out their food or prey will cause species running out of food and both and more could die off eventually. There are uncountable natural processes of co-operation in nature but people only look at the competition aspect without looking at the more important co-operation process. It is like a black ink picture in white paper picture which black color represent one story while white color black ground shows another story. It is very unfortunate that people only realized one side of the story in one color(competition) while neglecting or not understanding the opposite story showing by another color(co-operation).
@mytravels1243 жыл бұрын
Eco system equlibrium is a natural result of evolution, which is compatible with the selfish gene concept. Without such sustainable but dynamic equlibrium, the present state of nature, of which homo sapien is part of, would not exist.
@SilverSilence0023 жыл бұрын
"cooperation" is well studied in Darwin's Theory of Evolution. I think you, like many others, confuse Social Darwinism with Theory of Evolution.
@kevinlung3 жыл бұрын
@@mytravels124 if there is a selfish gene, there must have a selfless gene. Behaviour could also be changed by epigenetics factors. There is no actual selfish or selfless gene found yet. Therefore it is still a belief and not exactly a fact (at least not yet).
@kevinlung3 жыл бұрын
@@SilverSilence002 I cannot find any 'Cooperation' directly from Darwins original theories. However 'Competition' in those extensions of evolution is way too much emphasized by many of his followers. A picture made of two colors can show two totally different stories, but it is up to the eye of beholder.
@SilverSilence0023 жыл бұрын
@@kevinlung If you have already read the book, you should know that "selfish gene" doesn't refer to any gene that make an organism selfish. Rather, it refers to how genes are the most fundamental element being selected during the course of evolution. Where in the past, biologist believed it was individual organism or a community of organism being selected in natural selection, Richard Hawkins in his book suggested that it is the genes that is the subject of the selection. Organism is simply a gene carrier. This is what trigger a paradigm shift.
I think your discussion centered on human defined concept of ethics, but not a natural one. The state of Nature as it exists today, is a very very long term process, long before homo sapien arrived, and will continue regardless of its survival. So to comment, and or even hint that the selfish gene is potentially "evil" is pointless. Each state of equilibrium is a result of the tendency of nature, of which, the selfish gene is a component as far as genetic creatures are concerned. We, homo sapiens are a result of the selfish gene tendency. I would say, as far as determinism is concerned, that everything are already determined at T=0, the Big Bang moment. Even our action at every moment, however minute it is, had been set in stone. Not alterable, no free will. Sorry for all of the typos....working on my truck at the moment, sitting in the workshop...my 2c worth.