100 Science Facts that Will Shock You

[@Sideprojects]

Go to sheathunderwear.com and use the code “SIDEPROJECTS” to get 20% off your order! Thank you Sheath for the sponsorship!

[@habiks]

internet prostitutes.. will try to sell anything.

[@MindBodySoulOk]

Fascinating eggskull

[@TheDopekitty]

I hope there's just the one ad read, or is this not a compilation?

[@yourbuddyunit]

Ideas for episodes: 100 foods humans changed before the industrial revolution? 100 banned books? 100 types of engines? 100 times a cyber attack shook the world? 50 microorganisms we defeated & 50 microorganisms that kicked our ass thru the generations?

[@ZoltanF1LH]

Awesome video although you did pronounce Uranus wrong 😅 30:12

[@CaesarSaladin7]

This is now my “I woke up in the middle of the night and need to go back to sleep” video. Just engaging enough, just calming enough.

[@aaronolivas6970]

Bro said if they watch me for an hour they'll watch me for 2 😂😂

[@tashachantal5711]

And we will 💁🏻‍♀️

[@XiaolinDraconis]

He's my current sleep watch. So I queue up like 10hrs every night.

[@jtplays7411]

There is nothing wrong with 2 hours of education. It's definitely better than 2 hours of doom scrolling TikTok.

[@spddiesel]

Just finished taping off trim to paint a room, perfect timing (and runtime) for this to come up lol

[@Lngbrdninjamasta]

Yup

[@ignitionfrn2223]

0:40 - N°1 - Early galaxies were banana shaped 2:00 - Mid roll ads 3:30 - N°2 - Saturn has a hexagonal storm larger than earth 5:00 - N°3 - Earth has the best view of hoag's object 6:10 - N°4 - Moons can have their own moons 7:15 - N°5 - The milky way might be bigger than andromeda 9:15 - N°6 - There is an asteroid worth quintillions of dollars 10:25 - N°7 - Europa has more water than the fire earth 11:25 - N°8 - Neutron stars can spin so fast they tear themselves apart 14:10 - N°9 - Saturn now has the most moons in the solar system 15:35 - N°10 - There are 96 bags of poop on the moon 16:35 - N°11 - The sun rotates faster at its equator 17:50 - N°12 - Suns are like onions, they have layers 20:35 - N°13 - Anything can become a black hole if you squeeze it hard enough 22:15 - N°14 - Quasars are the brightest objects in the universe 24:30 - N°15 - The milky way might have been a quasar 26:00 - N°16 - The collision with andromeda isn't going to be as bad as you think 27:15 - N°17 - The future of the sun is going to be just as bad as you think 28:40 - N°18 - The solar system has some wild terrain 30:50 - N°19 - Supervoids are absolutely terrifying 32:15 - N°20 - Jupiter crossed the asteroid belt twice 33:00 - N°21 - Uranus & Neptune switched places long ago 33:45 - N°22 - Astronomers use supernovas to measure distance 34:40 - N°23 - Ancient astronomers were much smarter than you realize 35:20 - N°24 - The soviets photographed the surface of Venus 36:15 - N°25 - Black holes have a theoretical opposite 37:35 - N°26 - White holes might not be real, but grey holes probably are 38:40 - N°27 - Some planets don't have a home star 39:10 - N°28 - Some of these planet travel with a buddy 39:35 - N°29 - Planets can orbit more than one star 40:10 - N°30 - Stars can go rogue too 40:55 - N°31 - The hunt for exomoons is underway 42:00 - N°32 - Kilonovas aren't quite as bright as supernovas 42:40 - N°33 - Micronovas are even smaller 43:15 - N°34 - Asteroids are no match for our technology 44:30 - N°35 - But our technology is no match for solar storms 46:20 - N°36 - There is no such thing as a green star 47:45 - N°37 - The milky way blocks our view of the great attractor 48:30 - N°38 - Galaxies also have a habitable zone 49:50 - N°39 - Some of the 1st stars had black holes in their cores 50:45 - N°40 - Some stars today may have neutrons stars at their cores 51:35 - N°41 - The moon crust is thicker on its dark side 52:40 - N°42 - There is more gold in the sun than water in the earth's oceans 53:25 - N°43 - Chinese astronomers were the 1st to notice sunspots 53:55 - N°44 - Jupiter's storm is at least 100 of years old 54:35 - N°45 - Venus may be the best place to look for life 55:45 - N°46 - Dyson spheres aren't really feasible , but a dyson swarm is 56:50 - N°47 - Time machines also need to be space machines 57:45 - N°48 - We might never find alien life , not because of space, but because of time 58:35 - N°49 - There are approximately 2 trillions galaxies in the observable universe 59:15 - N°50 - Kelt 9B is a planet hotter than some stars 1:00:20 - N°51 - Oumuamua might have been a new type of astronomical object 1:01:20 - N°52 - We live in just the right time to view a total solar eclispe 1:01:55 - N°53 - Pluto can be considered a binary planet 1:03:10 - N°54 - The man who discovered Pluto flew right past it 1:03:50 - N°55 - The solar system is much larger than you think 1:04:30 - N°56 - There is a category of black hole larger than supermassive 1:05:50 - N°57 - Given enough time, black holes will evaporate 1:07:00 - N°58 - Above & below the milky are strange bubbles 1:07:30 - N°59 - Jupiter is not a failed star 1:08:15 - N°60 - Mars shows evidence of a gigantic tsunami 1:08:50 - N°61 - Enceladus is the most reflective body in the solar system 1:09:45 - N°62 - Io is the most volcanic body in the solar system 1:10:25 - N°63 - Haumea is the fastest spinning object in the solar system 1:11:10 - N°64 - The universe is missing nearly all of its antimatter 1:11:55 - N°65 - One rotation of the milky way takes more than 200 millions years 1:12:30 - N°66 - Most stars exist thanks to quantum tunneling 1:15:00 - N°67 - It takes only a day for a star's core to turn to iron 1:16:10 - N°68 - In trillions of years, stars will be frozen 1:17:20 - N°69 - Long after this, they will become pure iron 1:18:15 - N°70 - Scientist used to think the universe had no beginning 1:19:15 - N°71 - We have direct photos of exoplanets 1:20:00 - N°72 - Gravity lets you see behind things 1:21:30 - N°73 - Gravitational lensing could allow us to make a really, really, big telescope 1:22:40 - N°74 - Phobos is going to crash into mars 1:23:15 - N°75 - Gravitational waves let us watch black holes collide 1:24:45 - N°76 - Earth is not the best place to live 1:25:55 - N°77 - It snows metal on venus 1:26:35 - N°78 - Jupiter is bigger than every other planet combined 1:27:20 - N°79 - You can fit all the planets between the earth & the moon sometimes 1:28:25 - N°80 - Orcs are a new mystery in astronomy 1:29:25 - N°81 - The magnetic field on uranus opens up once a day 1:30:05 - N°82 - Eris is the reason pluto is no longer a planet 1:30:50 - N°83 - Pluto is sometimes closer to the sun than neptune 1:31:15 - N°84 - Space junk is getting dangerous 1:32:40 - N°85 - The soviets almost got to the moon 1st 1:33:50 - N°86 - Zambia also tried to get to the moon 1st 1:35:20 - N°87 - The 1st man made object in space wasn't a rocket satellite 1:36:25 - N°88 - The asteroid belt is not as dense as you think 1:37:05 - N°89 - UY scuti puts our sun to shame 1:38:00 - N°90 - Space takes its toll on the human body 1:39:05 - N°91 - Pizza has been delivered to space 1:40:25 - N°92 - It rains methane once every 1000 years on titan 1:41:50 - N°93 - Only iapetus can see saturn's rings 1:42:25 - N°94 - The milky way has a supernova once every 50 years 1:43:50 - N°95 - The US space command confirme the 1st interstellar visitor to earth 1:44:55 - N°96 - The axis of evil eludes explanation 1:46:30 - N°97 - The US considered using nuclear bombs for space propulsion 1:48:20 - N°98 - Neutron stars can be used as cosmic clocks 1:49:20 - N°99 - More energy hits the earth than we could ever use 1:50:30 - N°100 - The voyager crafts carry our 1st greeting to aliens

[@DenethordeSade.90]

As per usual sir, you do amazing work

[@RollingLoud.podcast]

What about the stuff about the Mayans? I literally only clicked for that.😭

[@Spadesshovel]

1 like for commitment

[@BruceBoyde]

​​@@RollingLoud.podcastThat's the one about ancient astronomers at 34:40 I guess. Doesn't really talk about them specifically though.

[@user-hz6cx3zh1y]

Thank you

[@JohnSmith-yu8ml]

thumbnail: mayan pyramid with "they were way more advanced than you thought" content: space trivia

[@Saturn_2138]

Yeah, I thought it was general facts. Still watching it though

[@MrAusdrifter]

They call that click bait. "2 hours of space facts" would have got a lot less clicks

[@anthonyfrench3169]

I agree, both the thumbnail and content are a bit misleading to a certain degree...it really implies a broad science scope, which it is not. Second, this would've been more at home on the Astrographics channel...good content definitely, but missed the execution in terms of where this growth content should be at.

[@petersengupta]

it refers to the fact that ancient civilizations knew way more about the planets than we thought.

[@cococreates26]

No23 @ 34:40 xx

[@jonofthehill]

Me: "Pretty sure I've learned everything I need to know about astrophysics from you, Simon." Simon: "Hold my beer."

[@j.pershing2197]

Thunderbolts Project

[@LettyMatamoros]

Do you watch Anton Petrov? great channel if you love space science

[@j.pershing2197]

@@LettyMatamoros Try watching this b4 you watch the hate channels about it. Symbols of an Alien Sky Its not about aliens either.

[@bannedwagon1586]

@@j.pershing2197 Electric Universe theory does make for some great fantasy.

[@j.pershing2197]

@@bannedwagon1586 Fantasy huh. You refuse to have a look yourself. Sheeple. They have 2 nobel prize winners Dozens of world renowned scientists and researchers and engineers They have the mathematics They have scalable, repeatable and predictable results. Theyre peer reviewed They work. Its no fantasy

[@SiCKenz]

Simon: The oldest galaxies were pickle shaped Also Simon: MY PICKLE IS IN A SHEATHE RIGHT NOW

[@goodboid]

Moons orbiting moons should be called... "Moonions". Obviously.

[@IKilledEarl]

I prefer the term "moonlet"

[@HayBell-ty6mi]

Moonies

[@chezsnailez]

Moobs...

[@Ricimer671]

Aren't moonions a kind of vegetable?

[@Narangarath]

Moonlings.

[@steveGR1990]

Through years of devouring KZbin as white noise I'm proud to say there are only a few things I haven't heard of in this 2h long video from Simon

[@racinmoeherdez4434]

... SIX.

[@BURDYMAN777]

Ive also heard most, if not all, of these in one way or another. I couldn't tell someone any of them, because I actually remember barely anything, but I've heard them lol

[@davidbailey453]

A fellow YT whitenoiser

[@wailingalen]

Me too!! I am a fellow KZbin white noiserer!!

[@Sika1956]

Some genuinely fascinating stuff here! But a correction if I may: the Parker solar probe does not travel at 5% of c. From Wikipedia: "It will approach to within 9.86 solar radii (6.9 million km or 4.3 million miles) from the center of the Sun, and by 2025 will travel, at closest approach, as fast as 690,000 km/h (430,000 mph) or 191 km/s, which is 0.064% the speed of light. It is the fastest object ever built."

[@kenhammscousin4716]

Weird thing about hexagons, if you take circles of the same size, put one in the middle and surround it with the other circles, then trace the space around the center circle, you get a hexagon. I imagine hexagonal structures on the poles of gas planets may result from this principle, with vortexes, just a guess and it makes me sad that i'm not able to investigate.

[@thomasmount3530]

When they were recording Voyager's golden disc they went to the Navaho to record a greeting from them. Later, when they were compiling the disc, a member of NASA staff who could speak Navaho started laughing. The Navaho had recorded the message, 'Watch out for these guys, they come for your land.'

[@spikeofdeath95]

😂

[@Alex_student101]

Is that true?

[@wayn3h]

​@@Alex_student101 nope.

[@Fetidaf]

@@Alex_student101no, NASA staff didn’t nor compile it and, while it’s not exactly strict, they wouldn’t accept something like that. Not to mention Navajo isn’t even on the disk

[@mersco]

I think the parker probe is .05%, not 5% the speed of light.

[@Makabert.Abylon]

Not even that, 0.064%.

[@DrDeuteron]

Yeah, that sounded just wrong. 5% would be a trip from earth to the sun and back like 4 times a day?

[@Silverhornet81]

So much for making the Kessel Run in less than 12 Parsecs.

[@jmmahony]

@@Makabert.Abylon .064%c is the fastest speed it will reach when it passes closest to the sun in 2025. But it hasn't gotten there yet, and its current speed is about .059%c.

[@realname2490]

A parsec in star wars seems to be different as our parsec is a unit of distance not time 😂​@@Silverhornet81

[@DenethordeSade.90]

Two hours of simon talking about space? HELL YEAH 👍

[@colinhouseworth9027]

Parker solar probe speed. You were only off by about two orders of magnitude.

[@davecopeland5437]

😂 .05% isn’t the same as 5%?! I heard that number and was like, “that can’t possibly be right!” We’d have probes on the way to other solar systems at that speed!

[@anniealexander9911]

Yeah, I had to go double check that too 😁 Think someone got % and proportion mixed up

[@xXxTeenSplayer]

Is it really faster than Voyager(s)? That doesn't seem possible as those have velocities > the escape velocity of the Solar System. If the Parker probe is orbiting the Sun, it can't be faster than something escaping the solar system. Am I crazy?

[@avypath]

​@@xXxTeenSplayer looking it up online, the parker space probe is traveling around 400,000 mph

[@xXxTeenSplayer]

@@avypath And that means it's much slower than either Voyager, if memory serves

[@joab757]

Just the thought that the moon is tidally locked blows my mind. As well as the sun and moon being the same size in the sky! We live in a miraculous time

[@jerelull9629]

Yup! it's been miraculous for ever, as far as humans are concerned

[@jack-qg9ub]

We've been around longer than the solar eclipse just to blow your mind a little more

[@vmwindustries]

It's math, gravity, and where the dust needs to settle.

[@vmwindustries]

Amazing the fields of gravity.

[@SeauxNOLALady]

This is by far my favorite video from this channel in a long time! I’m a giant space nerd and I’m always looking for actually informative content that doesn’t just regurgitate the same well known facts that most other astronomy enthusiasts already know quite well. I did actually learn a couple things!

[@sil-80nick]

I just watched 2 hours of solutions for fixing the political turmoil here in the US. Thank you, Simon!

[@esh_414]

I put this on in the background while I was doing a project. Well, after about 10 minutes I wasn't doing that project anymore as this video took up 100% of my attention.

[@jorgelotr3752]

1:30:40 In fact, Ceres was promoted. We've known Ceres since 1801, which is before the official discovery of Neptune (it had been sighted before, but mistaken for other things), and of course over a century before Pluto, yet it had never been regarded as a "planet" even after the discovery that Pluto was in fact smaller than Ceres. Pluto had only been regarded as a planet to make it the US planet.

[@carlsaganlives5112]

Favorite reference for Rush, too.

[@jacksonstarky8288]

47 and 48 have always been topics of great interest to me for related reasons. I've long believed time travel to be practically impossible for exactly the reasons Simon mentions, and the Fermi paradox is no paradox at all when you consider the vastness of the universe, how long travel through it takes, and how rare habitable planets seem to be. Even if a planet is in the habitable zone, it still needs a composition that is biology-friendly, and that's probably the more difficult thing to achieve.

[@LongJohnLiver]

Totally agree. Intelligent life is likely so rare it wouldn't surprise me at all if we're the only ones in our galaxy.

[@piovertheta3]

Can’t believe I finished this whole video instead of sleeping for tomorrow’s workday. Immensely awesome video!

[@alikaperdue]

I believe you. There is a very very slim possibility that if I learned up against a door, that my head would pop through to the other side. The problem is, that there usually isn't enough probability left over for the rest of the body. Violating classic mechanics is all fun and games... until someone losses a head.

[@jack-qg9ub]

This is actually why you bleed when smashing your head against a wall. Some of the particles make it through

[@charlesmaines6706]

Or learns into a door😲

[@snippysilver8357]

​@@jack-qg9ub had me thinking for a second 😂

[@gm133t]

Simon you killed me every time you pronounced geysers as geezers 🤣🤣🤣

[@markstott6689]

Merely a British man speaking British English. Nothing to see here. 😊❤😊

[@onebritishboi9892]

Kings English here mate

[@jeffdroog]

That's how it's pronounced...

[@aytee6730]

Am i the only one who is confused

[@markstott6689]

@aytee6730 British vs. American pronunciation.

[@webx135]

Simon: "The collision with the Milky Way and Andromeda could re-ignite a quasar" Simon immediately after: "The collision with Andromeda might not be that eventful."

[@abrisvegas]

Poop bags on the moon could contain bacteria still alive… I think I’ve just come up with a new hypothesis for how life got started on Earth. Poop bags of aliens!

[@EbyTheDragon]

1:37:05 my ex's dad was an astronomer who worked at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona, USA some 30-40 years ago. He had a number of glass slides of pictures they got of distant stars, galaxies, and nebulas. I'm very positive he had one of UY Scuti.

[@stephenholmgren405]

I was in middle school in the 80s, seeing this video back then would have been life changing

[@Justin.Martyr]

*How so????? How does ANY FACTS about Space, Change, Anything????* *Does it Strike Traitors against America, Dead????*

[@jordanmessner999]

Imagine creating a groundbreaking technology that could go 10% the speed of light, and it still takes 270,000 years to get to the center of just OUR galaxy. The universe has no chill.

[@Morganstein-Railroad]

Item 1 - Banana Shaped Galaxies. Ever thought about Gravitational Lensing, Whwere the high gravity of an object between us and that which we see curves space so that the image of the more distant galaxy is curved so that it looks banana shaped from our viewpoint.

[@aceundead4750]

I assume scientists took that into account before publishing their studies about them.

[@mnomadvfx]

@@aceundead4750 "I assume scientists took that into account before publishing their studies about them" Actual research papers vs news articles often botch details.

[@charlesmaines6706]

That's what she said😉

[@johnrhodes7812]

i really like this side project. Simons delivery is great.

[@EShirako]

"VERY thin...only 400 kilometers thick." Welp, that's MY sense of scale spraining itself forever. Thanks, Sun! o.O;

[@stpfs9281]

Terra-centric existence and ideas.

[@charlesachurch7265]

The ISS orbits at 450km . Space? my arse. It's travelling so fast It's in free fall.

[@captainspaulding5963]

​@charlesachurch7265 not exactly. It's in "free fall" because it isn't at the correct angle. It's basically a rock skipping on the surface of a pond

[@charlesachurch7265]

@@captainspaulding5963 it's space Jim,but not as we know it.

[@minarikp]

51:32 "The Moon's crust is thicker on its dark side" - Well, the Moon does not have a "dark" side. It has a "far" side that faces away from Earth due to it being tidally locked, but sunlight gets to that side just fine. :)

[@billyfugate4823]

Banana galaxies confirmed... brought to you by Sheath 😂

[@jerelull9629]

{{{ snicker }}}

[@bradfoster4389]

Oh wow. I totally missed that!

[@theBaron001]

What exactly are you counting as "all the stars in andromeda" to qualify it as stretching across a third of the sky? As an astrophotographer, I can tell you It fits inside 2x frames from my normal wide-angle rig, and the moon fits well within just the centre of a single frame. In relative terms, andromeda appears around 178 arcminutes wide, while the moon is only around 31 arcminutes wide. There's 60 arcminutes to a degree, and, assuming no immediate obstacles, you've got 180 degrees of night sky around you.

[@mikurox3389]

This video is a massive undertaking resulting in an awesome accomplishment with a poignant conclusion. Thank you for this.

[@fatalfury66]

This is been by far one of my favorite episodes you've ever done

[@Makabert.Abylon]

The Parker solar probe will travel at 0.064% the speed of light when it speeds up passing by the sun 2025.

[@p18yurd]

Came here for this. The whole world came to a record-scratch stop when I heard "...something something 5% the speed of light."

[@hamilde]

I was here for the same thing. I didn't want to sound like a troll, but that was a huge mistake.

[@StealthyOgre]

I immediately hit up the googles. 5% C!?! I don't think so.

[@ojmattila6407]

I was just about to fall asleep when snapped awake going "wait what"😂

[@Adiscretefirm]

That would be 6 months to confirm the Oort cloud right?

[@baggaz167]

3:49 I know of one example of a hexagonal shape occurring in nature: beeswax cells. Usually, the suggestion is that multiple domes touching eachother would form into hexagon shapes because it ends up with the least amount of surface area while being the most structurally sound. (Probably explaining it badly but that's my memory of it anyway). Something similar could have happened on Saturn to create the hexagon on a massive scale.

[@rj795w6]

Yo simon, love this long format bunch of facts, it's great

[@colintimp1372]

I remember when I was a kid, Jupiter had 16 moons and Saturn 22. Shows just how much we can still learn even in our own cosmic neighborhood.

[@Roguescienceguy]

Our moon has moonitos. A SpaceX-booster, A chinese rocket, some UAE-thing that doesn't do much and possibly a golfball😂

[@phantomtrv4754]

idk much about other smart youtuber in this genre but Sideprojects might just be one of the smartest.. he just gives off genius aura

[@Eztoez]

He's just the presenter. The scripts are written for him. He gets paid a lot of money to advertise awful embarrassing shoddy products while trying to appear enthusiastic and not cringing on the inside.

[@Sageof6Paths9]

i mean to be fair on literally EVERY other of his channels he's very open about that fact lol

[@j.pershing2197]

Thunderbolts Project

[@nmgg6928]

Ya Simon has mentioned a few times how he reads the scripts and a lot of the info is just in one ear and out the other and he doesn't retain much lol

[@jerelull9629]

Simon's good, of course, but the gold standard for me in astrophysics is Dr. Becky Smethurst. She has a book out that I'm interested in reading. Girl is SO enthusiastic and a great science explainer. Her speciality and first love is super massive black holes, but she'll propound entertainingly about anything that strikes her fancy.

[@toadcemetery]

The golden record being the last fact was so sweet. The record itself is a wonderful thing, and despite how cruel humanity can be it still shows the love we have for our human nature.

[@mjinba07]

I'm not so sure the recording is a wonderful thing. It's like describing your lovely home and family in a post on the internet and providing a map to your address. We should probably hope it's never discovered.

[@toadcemetery]

@mjinba07 Imo, that's not the same thing. We don't have proof of other life, but we still sent something out there anyway in case there was. Sorry you don't find it as fascinating as I do 🤷‍♂️ /nm /nsrs

[@mjinba07]

@@toadcemetery I do find it fascinating. And naïve.

[@signusthewizard9847]

​@@toadcemetery he's referencing the Dark forest hypothesis I'm pretty sure. It's a really cool read but it is scary. I'd be both excited and scared if alien life found/contacted us.

[@toadcemetery]

@@signusthewizard9847 Ooh, okay! Never heard of that before, I'll check it out to understand better

[@EmilyJelassi]

What about "moonlet?" The ring galaxy looks really cool😮😊❤ I had no idea that there were banana-shaped galaxies 😮

[@DenethordeSade.90]

Yeah moonlet is my favourite

[@DenethordeSade.90]

I think it was NDT I heard call them moonlets before

[@bertharius9518]

Banana shaped? That's an easy slip-up to make

[@davesatxify]

You are an excellent host/presenter. you really seem to be enjoying telling us all of these facts. thanks

[@Mrbiggsta1]

Parker Solar Probe is not going 5% the speed of light.

[@22patch22]

How fast is it going ?

[@captainspaulding5963]

.05

[@jimmiedmc1]

57:34 number 47 my own theory is that the two points could be anchored by the earths magnitic field cross refrenced by the solar magnetic field then compounded by the background radiation from the big bang

[@kylevanzandbergen3285]

Raising the bar for yourself right at the beginning, ok Fact Boy, you've got my attention.

[@riseofthethorax]

HE HAS HAD THIS VIDEO UP FOR 8 DAYS, AND HAS COLLECTED 442,594 VIEWS AND HIS SUBSCRIBERSHIP IS 1 MILLION. HOW LONG HAS HE BEEN UP, AND HOW MANY KZbinRS HAVE 50% RETENTION?

[@SavageDarknessGames]

The Uranus/Neptune dance was a waltz and to the classical piece used in stanley kubrick's 2001

[@jake_]

Squeeze circles of equal size together and you get hexagons. It is neither a mystery nor does it require super complicated math. It's the reason why honeycomb cells are hexagonal for example.

[@cosmicHalArizona]

Well that's good to know😮

[@bobbritches846]

But where are the circles. Just one hex on that planet's pole.

[@captainspaulding5963]

​@@bobbritches846 what they are implying (and it's actually an extremely apt explanation) is that there were multiple large storms that eventually came together to form the current hexagon

[@bobbritches846]

@@captainspaulding5963 -Oh Ok. Yes I understand now. 👍 Thanks

[@RangelMladenov]

I love these long over one hour episodes! I hope there are more in the future!

[@Blinkerd00d]

I can recall a poster we had in a classroom when I was in elementary school, ca. 1990, that claimed Saturn had 21 moons.

[@aste4949]

Saturn and Jupiter have been in a rap battle style fight but with moons since the 80's. Jupiter was winning at 93 moons, then Saturn came back with way over a dozen more in a single swoop, now clocking in at *124.*

[@Blinkerd00d]

@@aste4949 Jupiter will just suck in some more big asteroids flying by to make up the numbers

[@failmountain]

Terminal velocity is the maximum speed an object will fall through a fluid, and Miranda having no atmosphere means there wouldn't be a terminal velocity

[@pawnfish352]

Was enjoying it until he said at about 12:30 in the video that the Parker solar probe is moving at 5% of the speed of light. Nope, it's moving much much much slower than that.

[@LPMutagen]

I just came back from checking on that. Looks like he probably meant .05%. The article I found gave 430,000 mph and .064% speed of light and the math checks out on that. I had just watched a Frasier Cain video yesterday where he interviewed some guy about interstellar probes that might be able to get to a % of light speed and they were talking about all these wild technologies like using antimatter on uranium as a propulsion system. When he said 5% I was like "wait what?"

[@bobbylon5]

Adds a super like to this presentation.

[@3vi1J]

Breaking up an asteroid with bombs might result in many smaller ones still heading towards us, but it would also mean each has a larger surface area exposed to the atmosphere and would therefore burn off more material on the way to the ground than one large asteroid. Also, if it was done early enough, a large portion of the original material would likely miss the earth entirely. So, it still seems like a legitimate last resort if the asteroid cannot have it's course corrected in time.

[@captainspaulding5963]

And as terrible as it may sound, even if chunks make it through and hit multiple areas, that prospect is still fairly less dangerous than one gigantic impact.

[@ImpactEtching]

Simon, not every video you had been doing recently was interesting, but this time it is interesting AND long, cudos

[@jacksonstarky8288]

We need the Copernican Principle to be taught in all schools, public and private, as soon as students are old enough to understand the concepts... and then we need to mandate its teaching, regardless of how the entities controlling the private schools feel about it, if they want to keep their schools open. People being allowed to teach their children that the scientific method is wrong is most of why we're in the mess we're in now.

[@KathrynElizabethJaneway]

And religion as a school subject should be removed entirely. If you want to learn about them, maybe add a few quick history lessons about them when you learn the history of that area; for more info, go to church.

[@racinmoeherdez4434]

... I WENT TO SCHOOL FOR 17 YEARS MORE OR LESS, WHEN I FINALLY FINISHED I STOP TURNED AROUND AND TOOK A DEEP LOOK ...

[@racinmoeherdez4434]

... THERE WAS A LOT OF LIES IN MY EDUCATION, THAT WAS 30 yrs AGO, I'M STILL TRYING TO FIX IT. IT WAS A LOT OF TIME WASTED.

[@ChrisFord-wh1gl]

That and we’re selfish egotistical and cowardly, but yah teaching lies is bad. But it’s all lies history science geology. They can’t even get through health and home ec.without lying.

[@Havok_Arms]

​@KathrynElizabethJaneway absolutely not, religion as a subject contains a lot of "lessons learned through past experience" we can make them electives, but they are important enough to not remove them.

[@ADgamingHD]

I want to know if lenticular galaxies are actually just spiral galaxies looked at from the side. If not then how do astronomers tell them apart from actual spiral galaxies viewed from the side?

[@brad4texas]

One hour, 52 minutes: be really great to index by topics in the description. Producing team ℹ️.

[@jeffdroog]

Or you could just watch the fuck8ng video lol

[@Demonic_Tang]

Why don't you index it? Be the commentor everyone likes

[@jeffdroog]

@@Demonic_Tang because he is lazy as fuck,doesn't make his content,let alone contribute to someone else's lol

[@brad4texas]

@@Demonic_Tang not my stuff. 🖕🫵

[@chadwolf3840]

Damn that’s some fascinating stuff. Well done.

[@ovidiumiinea5462]

96 poo monsters from the moon - sounds like an Oscar winner

[@couturestalker8606]

If it were my cat’s poop - you can bet Alien franchise will become a documentary at some point

[@giselematthews7949]

Simon, This video was AWESOME!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Worth the 2 hours.

[@aliteraldude7658]

I'm honestly pleased with how many of these I actually knew

[@taram6152]

Ok dude

[@passtheparcel360]

Love your content Simon. Keep up the good work

[@JBGOONERLIFE]

Enjoyed this video immensely, superb mate. All the very best to you

[@Onithyr]

Ah man, when you started talking about Schwarzschild radius I was hoping you'd mention what happens to the "density" (specifically the ratio of the black hole's mass to the volume of the event horizon) as you reach absurdly large masses. Spoiler: it can be less dense than water. For the objects we are familiar with, volume is proportional to mass. For the volume of a sphere: doubling the radius requires octupling the volume, which means octupling (8x) the volume and mass of the sphere. Or, rearranged, a doubling of the mass would result in ³√2x (~1.26x) increase in radius. We instinctively understand that mass increases much faster than radius. But the Schwarzschild radius is different. The *radius* is proportional to the mass. That means doubling the mass doubles the radius, which octuples the volume. This results in absurdly low densities for the most massive objects in the universe. Fun fact: if you add up all the mass in the observable universe and calculated the Schwarzschild radius, it'd result in a black hole bigger than the observable universe.

[@marcusanthony9322]

The problem with Kepler and other exoplanets that people seem to over look is that they are usually bigger than earth which is a huge problem for us. We have evolved to deal with the earths gravity, walking around an exoplanet like kepler, being twice the size of earth, would be like carrying a second you on your back as your heart struggles to stop your blood from pooling in your feet.

[@sidpomy]

That's not entirely accurate. A planet twice the "size" of Earth will not necessarily have twice its gravity. Remember, these planets are more massive but also have larger radii. This can result in varying strengths of gravity at the surface, such that a planet could be much larger than Earth but have similar gravitational pull at the surface. It's estimated that Kepler 442b (the one talked about in the video) would have only 30% stronger gravity *assuming* it has similar interior makeup/density to Earth. It could easily be more or less as well.

[@SavageDarknessGames]

Dous thou even hoist?!

[@Rainbow_Oracle]

Yeah the density of the planet is much more important than the actual size, but dealing with hyper gravity is definitely a valid concern.

[@jaxmarshall291]

I am a huge fan of your channels but just want to issue a correction. Top speed projected to be hit by the Parker Solar Probe is ~430,000mph which equates to about 0.064% the speed of light. It is still the fastest ever man-made object, but it will never get anywhere near 5% the Speed of light.

[@EmmanuelBrito]

The NEW UPDATE gave Simon elbows 😮

[@SeanCarson-p6e]

@27:30the death of the suns death could be avoided if it becomes a vampire star. Where it feeds off a nearby star...

[@pieterduplessis6632]

H1821+643 is the closest known Quasar at a distance of approximately 3.4 billion light years.

[@nc5337]

Re Hoag’s: It’s not only amazing that the two ring galaxies line up from our perspective, but that they line up AND are both oriented so that we see through both rings nearly straight on.

[@dudeman8323]

Neutron star, meet man made turbo. Revolutions per second.

[@HiArashi13]

Schwart's child radius is a topic for another video. Although who was Schwart and why his child was spherical is currently unknown.

[@graphixkillzzz]

i wonder if there is a way that a large mass could almost catch the light from our galaxy and bend it 180° to come back to us. like extreme gravitational lensing. could be a way to see our galaxy in a "mirror" 🤔🤷‍♂️

[@DenethordeSade.90]

That's quite interesting, I wonder if we will be able to do this one day in the future

[@Baldev]

This is fantastic. Good job Simon.

[@gamerjaqi7873]

oooh earliest ive caught one 42 sec ago lol

[@thedolt9215]

Excellent! This is the stuff I like to see Simon!

[@blodstainer]

I giggle every time Simon says uranus

[@graphixkillzzz]

i cackled when he said something like "Miranda got slapped around by Uranus" bruh 😂...I'm dying 🤣👉

[@bulasev]

12:54 Bro... if humanity could reach 5% light speed we could be sending interstellar probes. The Parker Solar Probe didn't even reach 0.0005% of the speed of light. 0.00023% to be precise.

[@98integraGSR]

Fun fact- because of Europa's low gravity (.134g), the pressure at the bottom of its 150km deep ocean would only be ~28,500 psi (around 1.8 times the pressure at the bottom of the Marianas Trench, aka 15,750 psi). While that's nothing to scoff at, it's well within the reach of even today's technology. If Europa had the same gravity as Earth, though? It would be 212,720 psi 😳

[@calebbean1384]

Saturn would also float in an ocean

[@Anuxinamoon]

I appreciate this video ! Thank you for these awesome facts

[@graphixkillzzz]

i mean, technically, planets are just satellite orbiting a star, so "moons" are already sub-satellites 🤔🤷‍♂️

[@wingerding]

The word satellite has long been commonly used to refer to moons.

[@phillipcoetzer8186]

Using that train of logic ... the sun revolves arround Sagittarius A so planets are sub satellites.

[@proman3578]

I Always remember Neil Degrase Tyson whenever Simon says Uranus. As Simon’s pronunciation is considered by Tyson as one from an eighth year old.

[@pppetter]

The Andromeda galaxy covers 3 degrees of sky, not a third.

[@jmmahony]

I was going to say the same thing, since that's about the size in a typical long-exposure astrophoto. But he said if we could see _all_ its stars and gas. That would include its extremely faint outer halo, which would indeed make it that large.

[@pppetter]

@@jmmahony So, you're saying that the Andromeda galaxy really is 20 times bigger than we see on photos? It's 2 500 000 lightyears away, and 260 000 lightyears across. So, a football, diameter 22 cm, would cover 60 degrees of your visual field if it was 220 cm away from your face?

[@jmmahony]

@@pppetter Yes, it surprised me when I checked. I knew that the outer halo is significantly larger than what we normally think of as the visible galaxy, but I checked (actually for the Milky Way's outer halo, not Andromeda's, since I figured we probably know that number better, and it would be easier to find references, but they're both large spiral galaxies, so I'm assuming Andromeda's would be proportional.) But double-checking, it looks like those are recent results, so they may not hold up. Earlier results (and what my memory told me) was that the halo is only a few times bigger than the "visible" galaxy. That includes stars and gas (which Simon specified), but not the dark matter component, which I suspect is not as accurately known. BTW the math in your last line is wrong, or you missed a digit. A football 220 cm diameter, not 22, would be about 60 degrees wide at 220 cm distance (60 degrees is conveniently close to 1 radian).

[@pppetter]

@@jmmahony My math is sound, albeit maybe based on faulty numbers. Conventionally M31 is considered approx 2 500 000 ly away, and approx 250 000 ly in diameter (ie the distance is ten times the diameter = not covering 60% of visual field). However... I read up on the halo as you mentioned. And my mind is blown. "Scientists were surprised to find that this tenuous, nearly invisible halo of diffuse plasma extends 1.3 million light-years from the galaxy-about halfway to our Milky Way-and as far as 2 million light-years in some directions. This means that Andromeda’s halo is already bumping into the halo of our own galaxy." (Source: science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-maps-giant-halo-around-andromeda-galaxy/) That is simultaneously so cool and scary at the same time.

[@t99brownie]

Simon literally has my dream job…although I doubt I’d be half as good at it 😂… loving all the channels, excellent content 👌

[@EricGranata]

ASTRONOMERS: there are 2 trillion galaxies in the observable universe US NATIONAL DEBT: hold my beer

[@jacksonstarky8288]

The big difference is that galaxies are real, while money isn't. There is always money available for things that the powers that be want to happen, like another war, while there is almost never money available for things that might actually improve the quality of life for working Americans.

[@captainspaulding5963]

​@jacksonstarky8288 this is even more true than ever considering that the vast majority of "money" these days is all digital

[@DarkRavenhaft]

Regarding black holes: the singularity at the core of a black hole is a 1-dimensional point with infinite curvature that contains the entirety of the entity's mass. Thus the "physical" core of each hole is identical in size as we would understand it in euclidean geometry, which is to say they have no size as they are point-like entities. The "size" of a black hole as is commonly understood is the event horizon, the gravitational boundary that shields the singularity from normal space-time.

[@taylorrenee4880]

Love how he thinks God and Jesus is a joke, but that the Big Bang was real and something was created out of nothing.

[@lofibeats6332]

Same goes to God who created god. Ooo you would say god is alpha and omega. god is Almighty and he was before there from the beginning and your explanation would be based on a religious book. If you can't explain something you don't understand you shouldn't give the credits god

[@drummerdoingstuff5020]

You totally missed his point, God would have no beginning and therefore need no explanation but the Universe on the other hand…. Funfact, a Belgian Priest theorized the Big Bang. Why didn’t he just claim God like you accuse others? Maybe we agree that you shouldn’t just claim God for things we don’t know.

[@pseudotasuki]

The Parker Solar Probe isn't moving anywhere close to 5% of the speed of light.

[@ryanc.6723]

Don’t like this comment

[@Lngbrdninjamasta]

I am so glad u said nothing about commenting 😁

[@karenshadle365]

​@@Lngbrdninjamasta Good one😅

[@rubenvd3913]

Instructions unclear. But I gave you a like anyway.

[@RoseJ1983]

@@rubenvd3913nice

[@stephenholmgren405]

A small little like button on my phone in a caste, infinite, complex universe. Awesome idea 💡 ik that's totally what you were going for

[@Justin_Saves]

Thank you Simon and team! Awesome episode! 🤘😝🤙

[@MintyFreshDragonBreath]

Interesting material! Thanks for sharing!

[@johnaweiss]

12:50 Your statement about the Parker Space Probe is VERY INCORRECT. According to Wikipedia: "The Parker Space Probe will approach to within 9.86 solar radii (6.9 million km or 4.3 million miles) from the center of the Sun, and by 2025 will travel, at closest approach, as fast as 690,000 km/h (430,000 mph) or 191 km/s, which is: ** 0.064% the speed of light ** NOT 5% the speed of light.

[@ADgamingHD]

Fun fact. The gravitational pull of a neutron star is so strong that if you could somehow stand on its surface and you built a 1 metre high wall then proceeded to stand on and jump off said wall you'd be travelling at around 1 million mph when you hit the floor. You wouldn't just splat either you would in all likelihood be broken down to your base atoms and spread evenly across the stars entire surface.

[@daviddupuis-u1d]

Always enjoy your King's English

[@theWinterWalker]

I listen to Simon as an autistic adhd person when my anxiety is OP, it's the BEST distraction. Paired with my dark room, smell good candles, and weighted blanket.

[@theWinterWalker]

Going to pretend he said Iapetus, not Lapetus🤧