Sizing Machine Complete Review I Textile I

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Sizing is the process of giving a protective coating on the warp yarn to minimize yarn breakage during weaving.
Sizing is the most important operation in preparing warp yarn for weaving especially with cotton yarn. The smallest error in sizing process may be very harmful. This may increase warp breakage rate on the looms and consequently reduce weaving production and quality. Therefore sizing is termed as the “Heart of Weaving”.
We can say that, the process of applying a protective adhesive coating upon the yarn surface is called sizing.
Objects of sizing:
• To improve the weave ability of warp yarn.
• To maintain good fabric quality by reducing hairiness, weakness and by increasing smoothness, strength of yarn.
• To increase the tensile or breaking strength for cellulose yarn.
• To increase the elasticity.
• To remove the projecting fibre.
• To reduce electrostatic formation for synthetic or blended yarn.
Different techniques of sizing:
• Hot melt sizing.
• Solvent sizing.
• Foam sizing.
• High pressure sizing.
• Electrostatic sizing.
• Emulsion sizing.
• Combined sizing.
• Conventional sizing.
Sizing machines:
The sizing process consists in impregnating with size the warp unwound from the warping beams, drying separating the ends and beaming. Moreover, during the sizing process, the warp is marked for separating it into pieces of predetermined length.
The main parts of a sizing machine are: the creel for the accommodation of the warping beams; the framework and drive; the sizing unit consisting of a size box and an immersion and squeezing rollers; the drying section where the excess moisture is removed from the sized and squeezed warp ends; the headstock. A special device is also provided therein for additional treatment, i.e. emulsification and waxing of sized warp; and automatic instruments for checking the sizing process.
Depending upon the arrangement of the drying section, all sizing machines maybe classified as follows:
• Cylinder sizing machine - in which the warp is dried by contact with the hot surface of the cylinder;
• Hot air sizing machine - in which drying is effected in chambers with hot air;
• Combined sizing machine - in which the warp is dried by contact with the hot surface of the cylinders and by passing through hot air chambers;
• Special sizing machine - in which the warp is dried by electric heating, high frequency currents, by infra-red rays etc.
General specification of sizing machines:
• Wrap speed at slow run - 3 to 7 meter/min.
• Warp speed at work - 100 to 120 meter/min.
• Maximum length in the drying part - 15 to 25 meter.
• Maximum temperature of the drying cylinder surface - 1200 C.
• Warping beam diameter - 600 to 800 mm.
• Size beam diameter - 600 to 700 mm.
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