You know what’s great? To see your channel not following the path of others….. your channel has so many great and wonderful stories to tell. And this is one of them. :)
@DPJOINERY24 күн бұрын
This comment 👆👌
@alec111324 күн бұрын
Rodger , you have become the richard attenbourgh of the architectural world . Learnt a lot today . Shows you are a man of passion with many interests , I remember going through Trafalgar Square 1981 after being at stringfellow 5am went swimming in the fountain in a light blue suit , the water was black ,you can guess the rest, I don't drink anymore 🙂. keep them coming 👍 P.S enry's statue is outside st Bartholomew hospital 🏥
@neelamharia422524 күн бұрын
Always enjoy your videos. I’m learning so much. Keep them coming. ❤
@michaelcaine831124 күн бұрын
I think your videos about how building public spaces and history are among the best I have ever seen. Thank you and many more please.
@tobyjugg620219 күн бұрын
Brilliant !!! Very informative & interesting - the humour was entirely appropriate too - good on ya for not being silenced. What a great series this London one is - very refreshing indeed.
@somedude-lc5dy22 күн бұрын
such a no-nonsense guy. love it. keep up the good work.
@Schnydes24 күн бұрын
There will never be enough of these videos. Just wonderful.
@SJWardBuilders24 күн бұрын
Great video again! I love visiting London but I'm always pleased to come home after seeing the sites!
@SkillBuilder24 күн бұрын
Yes it is a shame that it is now no longer a good place to live.
@loafersheffield24 күн бұрын
@@SkillBuilder London isn't London anymore. - John Cleese.
@sadhumannell276918 күн бұрын
London evolves like it or not. from a born Londoner.🇬🇧🇬🇧
@SixthQuarter22 күн бұрын
Fantastic video as always. Keep them coming!
@wblake17724 күн бұрын
Brilliant Roger, a skill builder as well as a marvellous presenter; a brief but informative history of Trafalgar Square. . Great stuff Roger, keep it up. Your forever fan.
@rob594424 күн бұрын
I don't think this was the greatest of the series, too much humor at the expense of facts. Its only because I happen to know a little more about this particular place that I realised this. It leaves me wondering how many of the other videos are similar in that regard if I'm honest.
@jont870721 күн бұрын
Another great video ty for all your hars work getting so many new videos out within a week 👏🏻👏🏻
@markcrocker864523 күн бұрын
The disappointing thing about Trafalgar Square is that there's nothing to do when you get there. The continental squares it wished to emulate have bars, cafes and restaurants all around their perimeters, where people can eat, drink, chat, smoke a fag, people-watch etc. That's what public open spaces like this are supposed to be for. In Trafalgar Square you will only see droves of folk wandering aimlessly about looking confused and disappointed but not quite knowing why. My view is that it doesn't work well as such, and I feel you maybe agree.
@SkillBuilder23 күн бұрын
It certainly doesn't work on any level, but I think we are hampered by the weather. Even in Venice the number of outdoor places is reduced in the winter and depends largely on patio heaters. When I was making this video I went for some lunch into the crypt cafe in St Martin's in The Felds which used to be a nice little place but the prices in there are now silly so I took a stroll up Shaftesbury Avenue and found a lovely little Italian place where I had spag carbonara for £7.00 with a drink. I lament the loss of so many small businesses. I refuse to go to the chains
@chrisrand518512 күн бұрын
@@SkillBuilderI used to find Wesley's Cafe at Westminster Central Hall provided quality food at a reasonable price. I haven't been for a few years, so don't know whether it has changed
@Lee-jy7jz24 күн бұрын
I love Roger telling it how he sees it
@teknical10024 күн бұрын
The 4th plinth is a constant reminder that we are governed by clowns.
@Tee3-Co24 күн бұрын
On the contrary, it’s a fabulous example of the creativity, openness and willingness to progress that has driven London for 2000 years. Providing opportunities for artists to encapsulate marks of individuality from the wilder and more wacky to more recently the proud sentiment of inclusivity of all people. London is not a home for the narrow-minded, rather, it is a hub for those who want to do more than just ‘exist’.
@teknical10024 күн бұрын
@Tee3-Co Yes, just before being stabbed.
@Me-zo8yc24 күн бұрын
@@Tee3-Co Yeah ok mate. You are awarded 10 good boy points for being a good boy.
@Tee3-Co24 күн бұрын
@@teknical100 not really sure what that has to do with Trafalgar Square. You can get stabbed anywhere in London, the UK, or the world!
@nonoyorbusness24 күн бұрын
@@Tee3-Co A fabulous example of virtue signalling and council tax waste.
@Me1234utube23 күн бұрын
I was never interested in history but these videos are fascinating 🙂
@Muther-q2u24 күн бұрын
Very well said Mr Bisby
@sanjeevrehan24 күн бұрын
Great factual video, and interjected with your inimitable humour. Thank you.
@Zen_Not_Zen7 күн бұрын
Brilliantly informing ,entertaining and light-hearted as always !
@dj-kq4fz10 сағат бұрын
I enjoy the social commentary as much as the builder's perspective! Cheers!
@SkillBuilder18 минут бұрын
Some people don't appreciate that bit, we lost subscribers at one point.
@jonesconrad124 күн бұрын
enjoying this series roger
@patrickcosgrove669124 күн бұрын
Really enjoy your storytelling Roger 👌
@mattg432122 күн бұрын
One of the best channels on KZbin
@greenbrain872510 күн бұрын
Nice to see it through a local point of view with history and humour. I was there a few times from Canada and thought it was bloody marvellous. The church of Saint Martin in the Fields had an impromptu concert which I attended while my husband found a local pub to sit in. Good times.
@andrewsheldon533120 күн бұрын
Your truly amazing in so many ways... and you ARE an artist..
@adamschunker371515 күн бұрын
These historic vids by Roger are brilliant. More please.
@bruce601424 күн бұрын
Another great video, Roger. You deserve a (temporary) statue.
@SkillBuilder24 күн бұрын
I would like it to be made out of ice and left to melt in the sun. All my wrinkles would melt away and I would return to the sea via the London sewer. You can see I have thought this out
@ajarvis9216 күн бұрын
This series of videos is amazing, so insightful and well presented.
@TheMrBarso22 күн бұрын
A breath of fresh air = these videos
@kenhickford658123 күн бұрын
GREAT STUFF RODGER!......MORE!...MUCH, MUCH, MORE!
@diabolicalartificer24 күн бұрын
Another cracking episode, thanks & well said.
@godfreyberry159910 күн бұрын
Love the realism. Human nature has not really changed over the centuries. We are in awe at the magnificence of these public spaces and don't consider the very basic fundamentals that made them happen. Superbly entertaining.
@egratis236723 күн бұрын
One of the biggest defining features of London that is rarely spoken about is the rows and rows of two up, two down terraced Victorian houses. While they are slowly disappearing there must be thousands that are still providing family homes. A possible topic for a future video?
@SkillBuilder23 күн бұрын
Thanks and a very good suggestion. I need to get back to the building aspect
@brendanlea360524 күн бұрын
Love the story about the lion.
@zax197224 күн бұрын
So many facts i didnt know! Great video mate, thanks!
@AC-gm6bq24 күн бұрын
Another great watch 👍
@JohnSmith-zy1ur22 күн бұрын
You’re a gem RB
@metatron-00724 күн бұрын
Henry's statue is at St Bartholomew's Hospital
@momentum-consultant19 күн бұрын
Good on you mate for this interesting series. A great edumacation for all ...
@7sevensevern21 күн бұрын
"Do what you want just dont worry the horses" Has been added to my "sayings" list. Thank you Comrade!
@barryl.268824 күн бұрын
Thank you for the video Roger enjoyed it!!
@LindzTheLooneyOfLondon4 күн бұрын
Trafalgar Square is one of several places to contain true measurements, so people would go there to check that a yard was in fact a yard etc, these measurements are carved into the wall I believe in front of the national gallery. Another cool fact is that the President statue there was built on top of imported soil from America to keep his promise to never again set fools upon English soil! As ever a fabulous video x
@uncensored510424 күн бұрын
As a kid in the mid to late 70s we used to go to the Cinema in Leicester Square, then into the Wimpey for a burger & chips and then down Trafalgar Square to feed the pigeons! You could buy a cup of corn seed for 10p. Also did the "New Year" thing there in the 80's. Great memories
@jennywren893723 күн бұрын
I still have a photo of sis and myself feeding pigeons in 1955 😊
@sadhumannell276918 күн бұрын
@@jennywren8937bye bye pigeons,you are not missed.
@fionabrown856915 күн бұрын
Wasn't it tuppence to "feed the birds" ?
@fionabrown856915 күн бұрын
Only ever lived in London for 3mths but the water in Trafalgar square was FROZEN. The pigeons didn't understand ice, and tried to land, but just slid across the ice until they bumped into the edge. One of the funniest things ever......
@uncensored510415 күн бұрын
@@fionabrown8569 Only in Mary Poppins 🤣 Was 10p in the late 70s
@dublinsnob398914 күн бұрын
Great history insight into Trafalgar square brought to you by Roger
@stevemercer95214 күн бұрын
Thanks for another great video. Always interesting and informative. In Trafalgar Square you forgot to mention the busts of Adirals Jellicoe and Beatty.
@desertpoj24 күн бұрын
The statue of Shaka in Camden market is something to behold. I would have thought that the Black Lives Matter movement would have dragged it down years ago. After all he hunted, captured, kept and often brutally murdered slaves. Apparently he once put the mother of an enemy in a hut with Hyenas until she was eaten to alive. He would murder the families of his own soldiers if they hesitated in battle. After the death of his own mother, Nandi , in October 1827 Shaka ordered that no crops should be planted during the following year of mourning, no milk (the basis of the Zulu diet at the time) was to be used, and any woman who became pregnant was to be killed along with her husband. At least 7,000 people who were deemed to be insufficiently grief-stricken were executed, although the killing was not restricted to humans; cows were slaughtered so that their calves would know what losing a mother felt like. Stories of cannibalism, raiding, burning of villages, or mass slaughter were not developed out of thin air but based on the clearly documented accounts of hundreds of black victims and refugees. Confirmation of such accounts can also be seen in modern archaeology of the village of Lepalong. Shaka was murdered in 1828, 23 years after Nelson died so any excuses of historic norms are invalid. Other than my little rant I loved the video.
@SkillBuilder24 күн бұрын
Wow that is one that completely passed me by. I will certainly read more about him.
@limosalimosa24 күн бұрын
I'm skeptical of taking down statues in general but this one, not too sure I'd want it around.
@josephclift366224 күн бұрын
Not just two-tier justice, two-tier statues. Lol
@diabolicalartificer24 күн бұрын
Different times, life was short, hard & folk had to be tough as nails to survive. There was little room for empathy, most folk had no education or an idea of what was happening in the world. The next village was seen as foreign. To judge our ancestors with the same morals, education & world view as we have now, is ridiculous.
@josephclift366223 күн бұрын
@@diabolicalartificer absolutely, but it has to apply to ALL people, and not just whoever the left is championing this week
@Nightfalcon69020 күн бұрын
I was in London in the early 80's, Trafalgar Square is a different place without the pigeons. Love the videos!!
@AndrewLumsden24 күн бұрын
👍👏💯 Another great video, Roger. You forgot to mention that the statue of Charles I on horseback, on the traffic island, between the square and Whitehall is the oldest bronze statue in London!
@Suscida17 күн бұрын
HUGE respect for speaking your mind
@NewMinority23 күн бұрын
London was a lovely place when Londoners lived there
@glebedigital46547 күн бұрын
"You walk in, and you come out with a grievance" True, and quite profound.
@jdgooner484515 күн бұрын
Go on roger, love your videos mate, you certainly know your stuff, 👍
@TXDude17 күн бұрын
I recall climbing all over one of the lions back in '65. They were polished on all surfaces that children could stand on, brown everywhere else. Loved it. Went into the National Gallery and was greeted almost immediately by a John Constable, who became my favorite artist and still is today. The only confusing part for a little boy was, why was the guy on top not called Captain Trafalgar? Or why wasn't the square called Nelson Square?
@SkillBuilder17 күн бұрын
It is interesting when you see things through the eyes of a child and they ask the most incisive questions. My grandson watching a nature programme. Does Amazon deliver to the Amazon?
@derick125924 күн бұрын
Great video Roger. I first heard about the fourth plinth sculpture **850 Improntas** (the plaster faces) back in September from a papercraft artist who took interest in recreating a small scale version of it back in September. So as you walked up to it in the video trying to figure it out, I thought oh this might be awkward! But actually I reckon it challenged you in all the right ways, and actually fits into the whole topic of this video about history working out things we want or don't want at Trafalgar Square👍Personally I love the sculpture, refreshing to have something that isn't just an instantiation of flag colours, and I like the effect of the faces appearing to follow you cause the masks are inverted.
@SkillBuilder23 күн бұрын
O.K but I suppose the question I need to ask is has it stopped you killing transgender people? Surely it needs to be in Mexico City to do its job properly. Britain is easily the most tolerant country in the world bar none. It is an easy thing to produce challenging art in a country where nobody gives a damn what you do.
@derick125923 күн бұрын
@@SkillBuilder Well, why put any art installation on the fourth plinth? Trafalgar Square gets a lot of international visitors and foot traffic, a highly competitive space and not "easy". It's amounts to a major career achievement for an artist, Margolles for one who wanted to share grief. I'd say the point you're otherwise making is neither here nor there, notwithstanding a highly debatable premise.
@paullittle46016 күн бұрын
Very professional reaction to the modern art piece. Very well said
@kernowbilly23 күн бұрын
I agree with your sentiment re Trans Culture, like you, when I was a kid I saw my first, so called at the time, transvestite, never bothered me. I don't care what a person identifies as, providing they are decent to others and are kind to animals. On a personal note, your content has helped me through some tough time, I love the way you passionately talk about construction and its history. Awesome!
@SkillBuilder23 күн бұрын
Thanks for that comment. Ray Davies wrote Lola a long time ago and it was not about hate. Then we had The Crying Game which was also sensitive. I don't understand where all this hate has sprung from, I think there are people just spoiling for a fight but most people are just bored by it.
@loopydaloo742519 күн бұрын
Thank you Roger for another awesome video. I love your accent, and mannerisms. Is there any chance you could please do a video regarding the architecture in Middle Temple - the buidings there are absolutely gorgeous? I follow another youtube channel "art of law", he did a good video of Middle Temple*, but your knowledge and experience regarding old buildings, will make them sing and dance and come alive - metaphorically speaking. (*the video is titled "what secrets lie within middle temple? Well, there is that trolley for a start...") Thank you Roger and take care 🙂
@Doug....24 күн бұрын
Many thanks Roger. Another good'n
@grahamshillingford822924 күн бұрын
I was in the National Gallery a few weeks ago surveying for secondary glazing overlooking Nelsons column. You can't miss it, its the big site located in the North West Corner of the square. I'm in London almost weekly surveying in listed buildings, its a really interesting part of the world.
@markbaldwin545524 күн бұрын
I don`t know if you mean`t it, but this is one of your funnier videos! ; educational too.
@SkillBuilder23 күн бұрын
Yes I meant it but so many people don't get the idea of this ranting builder holding forth on anything and everything.
@wendalboy24 күн бұрын
Agreed about the 4th plinth
@robertmcgivern658524 күн бұрын
What if you lay down on a lion playing a guitar
@JohnnyMotel9924 күн бұрын
There's a simple solution...don't read the Sun, The Daily Fail and the Express.
@simontay485124 күн бұрын
You spelt Scum and Excrement wrong.
@Ultimate-roofing-square.24 күн бұрын
Roger , you should have gone to Trafalgar Square next month when the markets are on. Few mulled wines and you will stagger out happy. 😄
@sadhumannell276918 күн бұрын
Perhaps Hanna Ricketts will ?
@mikebrown177820 күн бұрын
I understand that the fountains in Trafalgar Square were originally powered by the artesian pressure of the water in the underlying confined Chalk aquifer. Industrial abstraction eventually reduced the pressure until the fountains had to be powered by pumps.
@fredbloggs807224 күн бұрын
7:12 the tiny building you can see in the background here on the edge of the square (with a lamp on top) is actually Britain’s smallest official police station.
@SkillBuilder24 күн бұрын
yes and it had a little window so they could observe protestors and take pictures.
@jennywren893723 күн бұрын
@@SkillBuilderJust like they do these days, sneaky.
@Masq0922 күн бұрын
Surprised you didn’t mention the statue of Charles 1st. It’s the oldest bronze statue in London and sits on the site of one of the Eleanor’s Crosses (now round the corner outside Charing Cross station). The interesting fact is that this statue is used as the marker for all traffic signs telling you how many miles you need to go to get to London.
@SkillBuilder22 күн бұрын
This video is about the building of Trafalgar Square. If I start straying too far we are into a game of leap frog.
@Masq0922 күн бұрын
@@SkillBuilder Errm, you showed it on your video (!!) It’s in the traffic island at 12:49 whilst you were talking about Whitehall.
@markcrocker864523 күн бұрын
Also, I like your suggestion about how to deal with statues, and quite agree.
@josephclift366224 күн бұрын
I'm 62, and you reminded me of friends of mine who meet outside a coffee shop to bemoan wokery. Lol. Good on you!
@smoath24 күн бұрын
Daft statues everywhere these days. And they pull down the good ones. I love my childhood memories of Trafalgar Square.
@jeanpeuplu557023 күн бұрын
"... as long as they don't frighten the horses." That one made my day :) No idea about the statue of Henry VIII without cheating... In Westminster, maybe ? Anyway, thank you for that very informative tour !
@reganhoward788324 күн бұрын
I passed through London and Trafalgar Square with by parents in 1950. Quite a change with no pigeons. I have pictures of myself being the center of attention of a flock.
@loafersheffield24 күн бұрын
4th plinth. I K Brunel or Joseph Bazalgette.
@simontay485124 күн бұрын
Yes, Joseph Bazelgette. Definitely. I think there is already a statue of Brunel somewhere else. Probably bristol.
@loafersheffield24 күн бұрын
@@simontay4851 There is a statue of Brunel, on The Victoria Embankment. There was a statue in Bristol to Edward Coulston, in Bristol, but it was unceremoniously torn from it's plinth and dumped in the docks by mindless, uneducated, vandals. As a plumber, I obviously have a soft spot for Bazalgette.
@DPJOINERY24 күн бұрын
Auf Wiedersehen Pet 😂 those were the days, do you remember boy from the black stuff? Comedy you don't get now, unfortunately. Loved this as I do with all your travels. Thank you 🙏
@patrickshaw798323 күн бұрын
Thanks for that Roger, another great video and thank you for saying it as it is. How about a statue of Mr. Bisby on the 4th plinth and call it "the voice of reason".
@SkillBuilder23 күн бұрын
It would be toppled within a week, judging by the abuse I get on KZbin
@colin502124 күн бұрын
You were waaaay too polite about the 4th plinth abomonation....
@Ex3t3r24 күн бұрын
I think your hedging your bets for the 2025 New Years Honours list for your outstanding contribution to the media & construction industry. 'Rise, Sir Roger of Rant' .............Another very informative and interesting video 👍
@jhonngreenn808423 күн бұрын
Hey skill builder. I have a hip roof on an oblique extension I'm stuck with. Your video has helped alot. Do you have any photos of the roof was you completed it?
@SkillBuilder23 күн бұрын
Unfortunately not because the builder that Dan did the job for didn't pay him so there was no return visit. He still hasn't been paid.
@jhonngreenn808423 күн бұрын
@SkillBuilder what a tosser he was. I've asked four different joiners all have fled saying it's too tricky. I'm multi skilled myself 40 now been in the trades game since 14. Thinking I'll give it a bash myself. Im building an extension for me disabled son. I too am trying to maximise the space. Dan did a brilliant job on that. I hope he takes him court and gets back what he is owed. Tell Dan if he fancies it and he's in the area.....west Yorkshire I could do with the A Team.
@neilmckie276823 күн бұрын
Henry VIII - Statue at Guy's Hospital, isn't it? Great video, mate - native Londoner, and still learning stuff about my home town. Thanks
@alanwyse00119 күн бұрын
I was hoping you would have mentioned the small police station located there.
@SkillBuilder18 күн бұрын
I should have. I forgot.
@hungbearlover24 күн бұрын
There were concerns about protests in the square which is why they had the fountains in the square to reduce the capacity. The original ones arrived by 1845 and were replaced by newer fountains in 1939. Queen Victoria had a hand in the appearance and stance of the lions at the base of the column. She expressed concern about having roaring lions that were upright and had them in the placid relaxed laying down pose.
@alanreeves45924 күн бұрын
Another great video 👍 Always enjoy Roger's take on life 😂
@rob594424 күн бұрын
Roger, in your jest I believe you negleted to mention the busts of Admirils Jellicoe and Beatty, commanders of the Navy during and after WW1. The fleet being vital of course to the security of this nation and instrumental in the eventual defeat of Germany.
@timstradling776424 күн бұрын
Nothing wrong with a good rant, get it out there😊
@doktoruzo23 күн бұрын
A arm and an eye...lol!! Not arm and leg. Another great video Roger
@Guvnor10024 күн бұрын
Love hearing your opinions, but be careful Roger. Us dinosaurs have to watch out thoughts 😮
@ESS28424 күн бұрын
Nice little rant, says what we're all thinking.
@JM-uo5vp24 күн бұрын
Every time Roger says Buckingham Palace, I remember Bricktop
@markrobinson145824 күн бұрын
And there's still disrespectful scruffs sitting on the monument 😡
@SkillBuilder24 күн бұрын
and one disrespectful scruff walking around making a video.
@markrobinson145824 күн бұрын
@SkillBuilder 🤣 no, I see you as an honest working man with integrity 👍
@sadhumannell276918 күн бұрын
Always disrespectful humans every where one goes….
@timtaylor136524 күн бұрын
You used to come out of Trafalgar Square with a grievance because of the bird shit
@sadhumannell276918 күн бұрын
Yes disgusting.The world needs free birth control !!
@deborahengland461323 күн бұрын
'Lots of people standing around - not even administering first aid or cpr' thank you for my first snort laugh of the day, Roger! Brilliant as always ❤
@Nigel-y3g10 күн бұрын
Maybe it's because I used to be a Londoner, that I loathe London Town. It has become an eyesore now. Like so much of Britain, it has lost a lot of its character.
@sylviawright899522 күн бұрын
My great something uncle is on one of the plinths, he's Charles James Napier.
@christophercook72318 күн бұрын
I was told the column was the same height of the Depth of the English Chanel. 220 feet. As is l think StPauls Cathedral.Also the brass in lays in the square with accurate measurements so people get accurate measurements for fabrics and DIY Rulers.one left when looking towards the National Gallery.
@markcrocker864523 күн бұрын
I agree with you that all those rules, and especially the one prohibitting kids sitting on the lions, are offensive to the idea that this is, after all, The People's square. Shame about the disappearance of the pigeons also. I hate it when ignorant folk refer to them as flying rats,...boo! p.s. the statue of Hnery VIII is on the side of Barts facing over Smithfield I beleive.
@johnstilljohn318118 күн бұрын
The Henry Viii statue is at St Barts hospital...
@kernowbilly23 күн бұрын
I love the statue solution! Transient personalities would be awesome. Make the statue biodegradable, that way we can help the planet and, as celebrity is fleeting, change to suit the current narrative. Please, no politicians, they're all (enter expletive here)!
@chelps641124 күн бұрын
foggos` idea for a lighthouse for Nelson I think would have been better.
@AndrewLumsden24 күн бұрын
There was talk some years ago that a statue of QE2 would be placed on the 4th plinth. At the rate that is progressing, Charles might get there first!
@olafbigandglad24 күн бұрын
"I live in Trafalgar Square Four lions to guard me. Fountains and statues all over the place Lord Nelson is staring me right in the face".
@lewischatburn789924 күн бұрын
"so long as it doesnt frighten the horses"..... love the videos rodger Edit: as far as slavery goes britian never finnished paying off the debts incurred in the process of ending slavery.... till 2015.
@SkillBuilder24 күн бұрын
Oh yes we compensated the slave owners for loss of assets.
@lewischatburn789924 күн бұрын
well if they werent compensasted for it then there would have been much greater resistance to giving up slavery. seems like compensation was the most legitmate way to do it verses the goverment just rocking up and freeing the slaves with the slaveowners held at gunpoint.
@mb-3faze24 күн бұрын
You know who never gets the blame for enabling slavery? The North African Arab culture. Throughout Africa, the number of white Europeans wandering about rounding up slavery victims could be counted on the fingers of one hand. It's the Arabs who industrialized the rounding up of people and encouraged tribe-on-tribe violence to gather human fodder. Remember also that the only reason why the plantation owners in the SE American colonies wanted African labour was because Africans had *some* immunity to the particular malaria found in the colonies. The plantation owners tried to go the indentured servant route with north europeans (mostly east coast English and Irish) but although malaria was rampant in England and Ireland it was a different strain and indentured farmers arriving in the colonies barely lasted a year before dying. So black Africans it was and the whole sordid trade began 100% enabled by the Arabs who get no blame whatsoever.