SMPS Tutorial (3): Charge Pumps, Buck Converters, Switched Mode Power Supplies

Watch Part 1: • SMPS Tutorial (1): Int...
Watch Part 2: • SMPS Tutorial (2): Li...
Watch Part 4: • SMPS Tutorial (4): Boo...
This is part 3 of my tutorial series about SMPS. In this video I derive the idea of switching converters from the disadvantages of the linear regulator. Based on that idea I explain 2 switching converter topologies:
1.) The Charge Pump (Switched Capacitor Voltage Converter)
2.) The Buck Converter
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[@bain5872]

Excellent, just excellent videos. Very well thought out and executed. As a 25 year technician, I can say, I've re-learned something from your videos. The direct nature of your presentation is outstanding and I'm sure, will help students and guys with foggy minds, such as myself. I love your German accent. Danke!

[@rafatomczyk3622]

Really good videos. I'm the electrical engineering student from Poland. Your videos helped me understand the basics. I'm waiting for more your fantastic videos. Good Luck:)

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

Thank you very much. I appreciate it :) Feel free to show the video to some of your student friends. New videos will come up soon.

[@rafatomczyk3622]

I shared your videos on my facebook;) i'm sure that my friends will appreciate that you can explain hard to understand things in easy way:)

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

Well, thank you for sharing the video! The more people watch my videos the bigger my motivation will be to make new ones :)

[@ranger81de]

Thank you very much for your great video series! You seem to be the only person on KZbin who is able to explain SMPS in a way, beginners understand how they work! So thanks again for your efforts!

[@BGaborr]

probably the best electronics explanation on youtube, well done!

[@TheMWGriffin]

Fantastic work! I feel so empowered. Haha. I love your intro too!

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

Hey! I read your comments directly after getting up in the morning and they already made my day ! Thanks for all the positive feedback. I need that to keep running :)

[@RyanT320]

I hope my college teacher could taught me in this way,then I wouldnt fail the exam.by the way,you really did a fantastic job,keep doing this plz

[@Robonza]

I am really enjoying your series of videos. They are accurate and informative. Well done. One point to note where you say our eyes are too slow to see kilohertz flicker of the light bulb. I think you will find a light bulb is thermally unable to respond that fast and the flicker is negligible due the the thermal inertia of the filament.

[@keithlegg]

fantastic set of videos. Thank you for taking the time to make these!

[@DrenImeraj]

Man, where have you been so long? Your videos are awesome, thank you, cant wait for the next one. +1 subscriber.

[@hugoarg6844]

I usually don´t leave comments on youtube, but this is one of the best channels I have found in a very very long time! Keep it coming!

[@abicelis]

Awesome video series, excellent work! Great refresher!

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

Alejandro Bicelis Thank you. I appreciate it. Share my videos with your friends and colleges. In that way you can help me in making more of these videos :)

[@tamtam4321]

OMG, I found your video series is very helpful. I want to make a SMPS for my audio amplifier but the book I read was too complicated for me. Your explanation is very easy to understand. Thank you for your hard work and I'm looking forward to your next video :D

[@davepye9721]

Hi. These are very informative videos. Explained in a way that's easy to understand. Keep up the excellent work.

[@jimadams2473]

This is an awesome SMPS tutorial. Great work on these types of videos. Keep up the great work. THANKS!!!!

[@nomadic_rider42]

Respect for the creator if this Great KZbin Series. It's quite easy to understand and follow your ideas. Thanks a lot. Btw, sounds like a German accent.

[@DutchieGolfSA]

I'm doing a project on SMPS and the 3 video tutorials on SMPS helped a lot. I am a bit disappointed that part 4 is not out yet as I have to finish my project next week. Thank you for the videos though.

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

I'm sorry but it took me several weeks to produce both part 2 and 3. I'm working on part 4 right now and it's not going to be finished before the end of next week. The amount of work that goes into making these kinds of videos is huge.

[@techgood]

I can not thank you enough, nicely explained.

[@peterd6927]

@13:40 The light in my head turned on when you said that. *claps* Great way of teaching things.

[@StoneFlange]

Agreed. I was wondering why he was going back to the linear regulator and then had my "ah ha!" moment. These are some of the best instructional videos I've ever seen, electronics or otherwise :)

[@emperortrajan3609]

These videos are awesome. Can you please post the second part of your Ebay electronics tear down and fix videos? I am really new at this hobby and I am addicted to your videos.

[@minoodeboo]

Topic is very well explained, thank you so much.

[@sendercopier4290]

This is awesome! thank you for making these tutorials

[@blackIce504]

Keep it up i look forward to more of your video's, for me your video's make a good refresher for me.

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

That's nice to hear. The good thing about such videos is that you can watch them over again, once you feel you need a "refresher". If you wann help me producing new videos you can for example post the link to this video somwhere or share it online :)

[@blackIce504]

already going to promote your channel to a eevblog in Australia.

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

Hey I posted the link for this video on the eevblog already when it came online a couple of days ago. But thanks for promoting anywas :)

[@BOROZ28]

By the way good job, It's refresher for me going back in to my old hobby.

[@Tarekitc]

It's a great tutorial about SMPS

[@muralia2475]

Your explanation is good. I'm waiting for next part.......Upload it as soon as possible. Thanks in advance

[@jdennee]

Great video! Explained so intuitively!

[@kolinevans9127]

Great video well explained !

[@johnh320]

Very informative, and instructive

[@mahmoudmetwally1920]

Really great effort. Keep going. Thank you.

[@micaiaskauss]

Great vid!

[@agtpuebla2248]

ur music intro reminds me of a tv show intro music...cant figure out wich one is,,,u know what tv show or series has same music intro????'''

[@MrMohamed3417]

great work and so useful thank you keep going

[@bakupcpu]

Awesome video :) I always love those refresher ;) Thanks!

[@markschmitt5550]

Great video! I'm fairly good at electronics. I build and repair tube amplifiers. These typically use a linear power supply consisting of a transformer, a rectifier, and filtering. I'm gathering the necessary knowledge and information in order to build a SMPS for a tube pre-amp. I'd like to be able to take 120 VAC up to around 300 VDC (200 ma). Any ideas that could steer me in the right direction?

[@KingMysion]

Amazing video series!

[@FFcossag]

Bloody KZbin settings for new subscriptions, I didn't get an e-mail when this was uploaded, and now I'm going to be stuck on a 3G connection which can hardly even play 144p, for days. I suppose I have something to look forward to when I get back home, at least!

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

Yeah sometimes I don't understand youtube myself. I also wasn't even notified when you answered to my personal message a few days ago. Maybe I have to change some of the settings. But it's nice to hear that you're already in expectation of watching my latest video :)

[@Good0Music0for0you]

Great video , please keep up the good work

[@SirArghPirate]

You mentioned that lightbulbs can withstand short pwm pulses of higher peak voltage than the rating, but does that apply to power leds as well, as long as the pwm frequency is high enough?

[@bluesguitarblackberr]

*Great videos* _Keep them coming!_

[@xxJerry19xx]

Great tutorial. You should mention also PFC in your videos. :)

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

Power Factor Correction will be dealt with after all basic topologies are explained.

[@gciriani]

Thanks for the video. Is the volume fading during the video?

[@lutfifaisah525]

nice.. do you have a web or blog?

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

At the moment I'm only runing this youtube cahnnel, but there might be a blog in the future. When that happens, I will announce in a video of course.

[@Alexelectricalengineering]

Thumbs up :) Alex

[@mrjohhhnnnyyy5797]

Subbed!

[@photonic_induction2633]

so clud you please make an video about how to make switched mode power supplies ?

[@johnsmith-qn9ql]

Lol....at 21'02 sec translator says " back convert to Islam " lol Great series anyway ( frenchman )

[@Aleksanti]

Arnold Schwarzenegger teaching electronics? :D

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

Aleksa Djokic "I am a cybernetic organism: Living tissue over metal endoskeleton"

[@g00glian0]

Aleksa Djokic All the work this guy put into this video and that is all you have to say? dork

[@turboslag]

Aleksa Djokic Arny is Austrian, TPAI is German, subtle but real difference.

[@jerkovicbrate]

Thanks for this video.

[@JustIppo]

thanks a lot ! nice piece of work :)

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

Well, thank YOU for sharing the video :)

[@sssttt6533]

Great video

[@BOROZ28]

So if Ci... let's say Ci1 Ci2 Ci3 are put in parallel and the value of each single Ci is close to Vs than when switched in series will charge C0 ( I assume the value of C0 must be same as Ci1 Ci2 Ci3 put together. What is the maximum speed of an topology of this sort. I am tempted to build a system of this sort and use MCU to control it.

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

The time needed to charge the capacitors is the limiting factor. That time is determined by the time constant of the RC Filters comprised of the capacitors and possible series resistors. Even if no series resistors are connected to the capacitors they have an internal series resistance which comprises an RC combination with the capacitors. All real voltage sources do also have an internal resistance in series with the source. The time constant can be calculated by deriving the differential equation for those "parasitic" RC filters. So there is not ONE answer to your question. It depends on the size of the capacitors, their ESR and the internal resistance of the source.

[@BOROZ28]

The Post Apocalyptic Inventor Make sens, I ll do the calculation and try to test few circuits and see their limitation(s).Need to make my mind and buy an oscilloscope.

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

Janusz Gluszak I will most probably make another video in a few days. I will probably also show how you can derive and solve those differential equations for RC and RL filters. By the Way: The ICL 7660 uses a switching frequency of 10kHz. Normal switching frequencies for simple DC to DC switching converters are beetween 10kHz and 100kHz. Higher frequencies(1Mhz) are also posssible, but harder to handle.

[@raquelverdugo6771]

When are you going to upload the next video? I'm looking forward from it!

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

I'm working on part 4 right now, but I'm very busy right now with a lot of stuff. I guess part 4 will be online some time in the next two weeks. It takes a lot of time to make these kinds of videos.

[@funkyironman69]

Charge pumps are mainly used in transistor driving circuits aren't they?

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

funkyironman69 Yes that's another application. In gate driver circuits you often need an auxiliary voltage that is either higher or lower (negative voltages) than the actual minimum and maximum voltage that can be obtained from the power source, for that a charge ump can be used.

[@funkyironman69]

The Post Apocalyptic Inventor Thanks, I always wondered how charge pumps worked, your video explains them well. ;)

[@gert3d]

Would it be possible to modify an ATX power supply so it puts out more power (amperage) at 12V? thanks

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

+gert3d It depends on the individual power supply. The switching transistors and magnetic components (transformer, filter chokes etc.) will become excessively hot. You would have to improve the cooling of those components. This could be done with a more powerful fan for example. But many power supplies also have a build in "over current protection" that will still limit the possible output power.

[@gert3d]

+The Post Apocalyptic Inventor Thanks for the quick answer! Is it possible to indicate how it could be done, and what improvement on amperage could be reached? I need something like 15 amps

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

+gert3d I can't answer that question in general as there are many different makes and models of ATX-power supplies. Some of them rely on totally different circuits. On which of the rails do you need 15A? I guess you are talking about a 12V rail?

[@gert3d]

+The Post Apocalyptic Inventor Yes, indeed. I assume that most (all?) AT supplies rely on the same principle? Isn't it up to identifying the correct components only that may need to be relaced / adjusted? Or is that too simplistic?

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

No. Not all AT and ATX -power supplies rely on the same principle. Here in Europe (230V line voltage) most standard AT and ATX PSUs are based on a "Half-Bridge Converter", while many American models (110/115V ) use a "Push-Pull-Converter". But there are also PSUs based on "Flyback Converters", "Full Bridge Converters" etc etc. Older models use analog control circuits, (Some of which are standard PWM-ICs, while some use specialized ICs desgined for ATX-PSUs). Modern ones might even employ microcontrollers. Switching elements can be bipolar transistors, MOSFETS or IGBTS...Some have driver transformers, while some use semicondutor based drivers and optocouplers. And the list of differences between different models, makes and "vintages" goes on and on. In order to "hack" a power supply like that, the individual circuit needs to be reverse engineered. A lot of theoretical knowledge and practical skill is required to modify these devices successfully. This matter is also way too complicated to be properly explained in a youtube-comment, without graphics. It is also not really a good idea to try to increase the output current. These power supplies are build down to a price and there are many components inside that could fail because of that. If you would tell me, why you want to do that, I might be able to suggest a more feasible alternative way though.

[@NiHaoMike64]

What you labeled a "push pull converter" is actually a full bridge.

[@ThePostApocalypticInventor]

Ín the video about Push Pull Converters you will see, that I treat the Half Bridge and the Full Bridge as two different variants of the Push Pull Converter. I read a couple of books on the subject and everyone uses slightly different distinctions for the various topologies. In German its again different than in the Engish language. On that overview you're reffering two, I placed the picture of a full bridge configuration as "pars pro toto" for a group of circuit toplogies that I refer two as "push pull converters". When the video about those circuits will be online, you will see that it makes sense :)

[@advanced-electronic]

You have some really great videos. You do really super work as well. Great Job, You make this easy to learn as well. All I have forgotten over the years from school I have picked right back up very quickly from your video series.