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Central inverters convert the DC power collected from an array of solar modules into AC for connection to the grid. They are typically floor or ground mounted, as opposed to string inverters, which are typically installed on a wall or other vertical structure.
The biggest confusion in the minds of solar engineers, solar designers, solar integrators , solar project developers is whether to go for a string inverter or central inverter.
In case of rooftop or smaller systems the decision is very simply and clear. Because of the lower power ratings, it is simply a choice of selecting the closest power rating inverter. For example in case of a 20kw solar panels installation you can choose a 22kw solar inverter. Or in case of a 29kw solar panels one could choose a 34kw solar invertor.
Also the string inverters are most suitable for locations where the solar power is intended to be used for a captive or industrial application consuming power inside at low voltage levels. The string inverters save the loss of converting power to a higher voltage level and then again stepping it down to lower voltage level for consumption within the premises.
But when it comes to larger solar plants of capacity 1MW or higher, it becomes a difficult decision.
String inverters offer various advantages such as modularity, better redundancy, reduction in space requirements, reduction in DC cabling losses, etc.
Central inverters offer the advantage of reducing the number of inverters and making it a centralized approach, hence perceived to be easier to manage.