Solids, Liquids and Gases - Properties of Matter #1

An investigation into the three states of matter.
Lawrence Bragg begins by illustrating the different forms that water can assume, showing how these change in form depending on changes in temperature. This is followed by a comparison of the three divisions of matter, proceeding to a discussion of latent heat and pressure. Each topic, simply described in terms of atoms and molecules, is supplemented by a vivid demonstration.
These lectures, 'adapted to a juvenile auditory' to use the nineteenth-century phase, were started as a new venture in science teaching. It is the tradition to illustrate the CHRISTMAS LECTURES with numerous experiments which are on an impressive scale and as far as possible of a novel type. Many experiments first shown in the Royal Institution theatre have become classical bench-experiments in schools and colleges, and many of the best popular scientific books have been based on CHRISTMAS LECTURES. A scheme was launched in 1955 to give corresponding lectures throughout the school year, because it seemed very desirable to use the facilities and traditions of the Institution to the full and thus make it possible for a larger audience to participate. The idea was proposed in the first place to a few science teachers in schools, and with their help it was started in a small way. The lectures had an enthusiastic reception, and the scheme soon grew to its present proportions – over twenty thousand young people now come to the lectures each year. The main idea behind them is to show experiments, illustrating the basic principles of science, which are on too large a scale or involve too complicated apparatus to be readily staged with school resources. The majority of the lectures are on physical subjects, but chemistry and biology are also represented.
In 1965, Lord Bowden, who was then Minister of State in the Department of Education and Science, expressed a wish that the lectures given by Sir Laurence Bragg be recorded in the form of films, and arranged that a sum of money be earmarked for that purpose. The series Sir Lawrence Bragg at the Royal Institution is the result of his interest. The films have been commissioned by the Educational Foundation for Visual Aids and shot on the premises of the Royal Institution. At first an attempt was made to film the actual schools' lectures, but there were a number of drawbacks to this procedure. Ideal positions for the cameras were not possible in a crowded lecture room. An hour's talk is too long, the film had to be divided into three or four sections, and it was not easy to tailor beginning and ends to the sections. It was finally realised that it would be much better to shoot each film as a separate project, with no audience and complete freedom for the camera team to take the long shots and close-ups in the best way. The possibility of close-up shots is a great advantage, because it enables effects to be shown which it would be impossible to demonstrate in a large lecture room. The present series consists of sixteen films covering the schools' lectures dealing with magnetism, the properties of matter, and vibrations and waves. It is hoped to include electricity and other subjects in a further series. In the main, the experiments are those actually shown in the schools' lectures, modified for filming where desirable. The action before the camera is in each case carefully rehearsed so that the performance of the experiment is seen as clearly as possible. No attempt however has been made to prepare a 'script'. The talk is quite informal, not a prepared one, in the belief that it will be fresher and more interesting if given in this way. It is hoped that the imperfections, inevitable in an impromptu talk, will be overlooked for the sake of its more personal nature.
Crown copyright information is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
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[@thesmithsonian6378]

I'm glad that I stumbled upon these videos. they may be old but they are very entertaining and educational at the same time. The different experiments and setups used to show the various examples are great. I especially liked the waves video. I will be watching all of these. Thank you for the upload. If you have more please keep them coming.

[@RiArchives]

Thank you very much for your kind words, we're really glad you like them. We do have an incredible collection here at the Ri, including film reels that have not been seen since they were first recorded. Funding permitting, we are hoping to digitise more of these when we can. In the meantime, you may enjoy some of our older Christmas Lectures: www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/watch?p=2&video-type=series We are releasing a new series every month!

[@mrtienphysics666]

yes, these are feaking good!

[@jackdwayneharper]

Just wonderful! I love his statement that merely naming an effect is not a description and is not science.

[@pauljohnashmore]

I happened upon this while looking for Key Stage 2 homeschooling material [COVID-19 lockdown]. The presentation is a little stilted by modern standards, but the science is perfectly sound and... Lawrence Bragg! (Ok, now that I know a little about the Braggs' long relationship with the RI it's not so surprising, but it's a treat just to know this exists.)

[@johnx9318]

The example of not using labels such as 'Latent Heat', and demonstrating principles by example with clear, unambiguous explanation - is why he is a brilliant teacher of facts. The people who use labels and expect you to know what they represent are not good teachers of facts. Although they do teach confusion and frustration very well. They are responsible for the the abundance of ignorance prevalent in society. That's the end of my lecture. :)

[@jliu214]

I can't agree more! Even among scientist and engineers, many "understand" things as labels which blocks them from true understanding and innovation.

[@danielcanedo6933]

Vibrationssss

[@thesmithsonian6378]

What date was this video filmed?

[@danielcanedo6933]

⚛️⚛️⚛️💏