Sometimes…Jellyfish Live on Land

[@MyUsualComment]

"...so it's not even a very good theory." The scientist dedicating their life to studying pigmy shrews that eat worms: "First of all, how dare you?"

[@OtakuUnitedStudio]

"Second off, fair point."

[@Youtube_is_Trash]

The funniest is that you used the singular.

[@kryts27]

Yeah, so what? A few people spent their lives in the nineteenth century studying moss. Dedication to science like that should be applauded, not denigrated. Secondly, "How dare you"? Are you paraphrasing Greta Thunberg, if so ha, ha ,ha. I get that 😂

[@BobDeGuerre]

And I'd thought the nickle-sized clear jellyfish living in Little Grassy Lake here in equally land-locked Southern Illinois were as small & strange as they got. Thanks SciShow!

[@prophetzarquon]

The translucent jellyfish living in a freshwater lake that sink for nitrogen & rise for sunlight, to fuel algae growing inside them, as the jellyfish's sole food source, are pretty amazing, too!

[@____________838]

We’ve got some small freshwater jellyfish, as well as sponges, in Lake Ouchita in Arkansas as well.

[@AncientWildTV]

@@prophetzarquon ohh does this behavior reveal anything abt the symbiotic relationships between jellyfish and algae?

[@petedixon2747]

Fresh water jellyfish could shed light on the big question asked in this video> how did the Myxozoans get to the Congo?

[@torisandifer518]

"Molecular turducken" should go on a wall as one of the best phrases of the year

[@ivytarablair]

A+++ 😂😂😂

[@Eyerleth]

"Yo dawg, I heard you like cells..."

[@darcieclements4880]

I'm still trying to understand how they could have such a great description of mixazoan just days after repeating misinformation and misconceptions about immortal jellyfishes though it were real. And for reference, immortal jellyfish are not immortal. We had a misconception about how alternation of generations worked in most animals and we noticed that the immortal jellyfish was an exception except it turned out it's not actually an exception and we just had a very wrong understanding. Basically immortal jellies don't do anything special beyond the fact that they clone instead of producing sex cells when they revert which is actually not that weird either. I guess you could argue the way that they maintain a good chunk of their tissue is a little bit different, but fundamentally it's really not that weird and it's definitely not immortality. It would be like suiciding by jumping in a blender which then resulted in your children being born except those kids were younger clones. Sounds weird but really not terribly different than what a lot of life forms do. Act never mind they got confused by an ancient parasite that's mostly found in the ocean existing on land, I'm concerned about the writing lately. I can't even begin to describe how many ancient aquatic parasites are heavily distributed on land. There is a huge difference in people not noticing them and them not actually being prevalent. More research please, fewer assumptions... Actually in both cases they seem to be pretending to be stupid to be more relatable and that's a concern in and of itself. I don't know I have watched this channel for years and I'm suddenly feeling very unsure of it.

[@matesafranka6110]

I don't think it's accurate though. A turducken is three different animals stuffed into each other, but this is three of the same types of cell. I'd say it's more of a molecular Matryoshka doll.

[@TheRealSkeletor]

@@Eyerleth Cells interlinked within cells...

[@ronin6897]

I genuinely would like longer forms of content. I understand that it is difficult in the current media, but there’s so much interesting information that could get left out.

[@GSBarlev]

Study Hall? Lindsay Nikole? PBS?

[@AaronGeo]

Yes, that would be great to watch while doing something like drawing or editing videos

[@bob1234881]

They have some. 😀

[@uncroppedsoop]

​@@bob1234881 it seems to be increasingly uncommon of their new uploads though

[@pepopipo974]

Last week KZbin has Been recommending me A LOT of hour long videos. I think they may be testing something

[@titan941234]

Parasitic jellyfish-like creatures that can infect land animals. I don't need sleep, I have more nightmares.

[@darcieclements4880]

Oh don't worry, there are way worse parasites although mixazoans are up there on the you don't want that list.

[@pbrown7501]

I know it will be hard to stop, but just don't eat any raw annelids and you probably won't get infected.

[@theman4884]

Please, no one tell Dr. Fauci about these things.

[@kesegoe9488]

Waiter waiter more nightmares please

[@luckyshark32]

I would be exceedingly unsurprised to find them in birds, which quite often hang around land and sea, and also quite often eat worms.

[@darcieclements4880]

Yes they're definitely a bird thing. Honestly they're one of the more obnoxious groups of parasites because they just show up everywhere in the weirdest places and can be overlooked for ages before all of a sudden they get some sort of mutation or environment thing that makes them go bonkers and kill something you care about. They aren't the worst surprise parasites but they're up there top three at least.

[@bwayagnes]

I sure hope they won’t get into chickens or turkeys 😬😬

[@chezLynn]

@@darcieclements4880 was wondering whether these parasites could have been carried to land-locked areas by rain drops, but birds sound more likely. Adds a new level of fear to Hitchcock's 'The Birds' ; )

[@cameroneridan4558]

okay so uh sure Hungary is landlocked, but there is a pretty significant body of water there, a massive lake. It's no Great Lake, but it is the size of Lake Michigan's Green Bay, and apparently famously is full of cnidarians

[@darcieclements4880]

I'm pretty sure that they got dispersed worldwide in extremely long time ago so we really shouldn't be surprised to find them anywhere. That is an old group of animals. They also aren't the only group of parasites that started in the ocean and are now found just everywhere on land because they moved to land along with the aquatic organisms that first moved to land.

[@Pierluigi_Di_Lorenzo]

And they had a state leader who was an admiral.

[@mecha-sheep7674]

I, for one, welcome our new parasitic jellyfish mastermind genestealer overlords.

[@lucasmendoza7576]

I see you found a host, my jelly brethren. Let us spread the word of Jelly.

[@NotSoMuchFrankly]

Stop trying to suck up to the enemy. They will destroy us all and give no respite to collaborators! Whereas, if you eat more undercooked bacon, who knows? You could get a cabinet post out of it.

[@KaiHenningsen]

Shouldn't that be "our old overlords", being as they evolved long before we did?

[@Alinor24]

@@KaiHenningsen I think it's not about how long they existed, but when they become overlords.

[@darcieclements4880]

Old. Extremely old parasitic overlords

[@idjles]

Hungary has 100s of Kilometers of freshwater beaches on lakes filled with jellyfish.

[@rowshambow]

No you are

[@businesszeus6864]

@@rowshambowno you!!!

[@Nigolasy]

And it's also not too unreasonable to see that those tiny critters might have ended up inside the ground when earth transformed from ice ball into "more water-less land" ball. The melting water had to go *somewhere*

[@HAEa.M]

​@@Nigolasy also hungary used to be a sea a few million years ago

[@user-io7sh7nx7c]

Hungary is even more farther away from other Finno-Ugric speaking regions. That's just a Hungary thing 🤷‍♂️🇭🇺

[@donaverboxwood]

5:43 i wish i could enhance my genes to cope with stress...

[@Knifity]

Its called going to therapy

[@julesop3866]

That is not the same thing as someone "enhancing their genetics to cope with stress". Good joke though.

[@ParadoxAAA]

​@@Knifitythe f^ck kind of therapy do you go to? Gene Therapy?

[@hassassinator8858]

You can enhance your brain! Wish it was as easy as altering our genes tho

[@bramvanduijn8086]

I find alcohol works quite well. It definitely helps with stress, and it probably causes genetic damage! That technically counts as gene modification!

[@DeAthWaGer]

Now I can't stop picturing shrews on little surfboards of laminated leaves...

[@prophetzarquon]

The raft hypothesis is plausible for a few species to have survived such crossings, but there's so _many_ species requiring such explanations... Dramatic changes in landmass elevation (losing ~10000ft in

[@moosemaimer]

"The shrew is almost _completely_ blind, and must rely on its barely adequate sense of -panic- smell to avoid its natural predators... the fox, the badger, and the cat. ...the dog, the bear, the dolphin, the donkey, the bat, the crayfish, the buffalo, the crab, the toad, the plane, the monkey, the post, the polar bear, the fork, the banshee, the harpsichord, the common earthworm, the myxozoan, and other shrews."

[@joshuahunt3032]

Where’s that quote from?

[@moosemaimer]

@@joshuahunt3032 ancient Flash cartoon, "The Pygmy Shrew"

[@evlkenevl2721]

"Where all the wide beaches at?" -Sir Myx-a-Zoan

[@LilB0pete]

🌹 🌹🌹

[@abstract5249]

Cringe.

[@evlkenevl2721]

@@abstract5249 Pff-fff-ff🤣

[@elliebeck-ss4rb]

Myxozoan Want Boing Boing

[@JK-he5xh]

The thing about jellyfish is that their jellyfish jelly goes great with a Krabby Patty.

[@potatlerr]

That episode with the jellyfish hypnotism burgers was weird af

[@MaekarManastorm]

Go away

[@potatlerr]

@@MaekarManastorm ??

[@timmorton8918]

Hey man you GOTTA try this sandwich, its no ordinary sandwich

[@Stunbunny]

Pretty sure the phrase “molecular turducken” has never been said before in the history of humanity. Brilliant!

[@AdrianHereToHelp]

This is a fascinating video, but I still would dearly love a macro-scale jellyfish that scuttles along on land with its spaghetti tentacles

[@TomsodM]

Look up the Pacific Northwest tree octopus.

[@joearnold6881]

If you’re small enough, almost everywhere (on the planet anyway) is underwater

[@sillyjellyfish2421]

How about eels? Getting infected in the sea, swimming upstream, dying and getting eaten by worms or infecting worms in shallow waters or whatever - boom, terrestrial population in the middle of a landlocked country. No idea about shrews though

[@prophetzarquon]

Shrews like to eat fish & crayfish, given the opportunity?

[@larryscarr3897]

Also worms.

[@luddity]

Severe storms have been known to dump some small aquatic life on land sometime after they head ashore on a few occaisions.

[@BonnibelLecter]

Savannah has quickly become one of my favorite sci show hosts. They're fantastic at this.

[@eileen7303]

came here to say this ^^^

[@fubytv731]

Their comedic timing is impeccable.

[@ScottLuvsRenFaires]

Wouldn't 'mosaic evolution' be the rule rather than the exception? Even for a critter with only a few genes, surely some would be strongly conserved while others would be freer to mutate.

[@darcieclements4880]

It depends. Some molecular machinery combinations are less robust than others when it comes to deviation. Hammonds for example have walled ourselves in pretty tightly in a lot of ways that aren't true of other lineages of organisms, but there are other critters out there that are even more walled in than we are

[@cattymajiv]

@@darcieclements4880 Hammonds? Us? Hammonds = us?

[@tfan2222]

@@cattymajivHe means “Humans.” Use context clues.

[@edl5731]

The jellyfish implies the existence of peanutbutter fish,

[@jackielinde7568]

And bread sharks. Can't have a peanutbutter fish and a jelly fish without bread sharks.

[@winterwatson6437]

hey scishow this is important context pls pin 📌

[@Ravenna_Black]

mint jelly doesn't go with peanut butter. it goes with meat, typically lamb.

[@CardenV2]

This comment thread is gold

[@capt.bart.roberts4975]

That dad joke wins t'interwebs for the day!

[@Margoth195]

2:25 isn't polypodium a genus of fern? get it together animal scientists! You nomenclature is stepping on 'many feet' lol

[@TheHoveHeretic]

"Endogenous Budding" .... am I the only one who thought about Dr. McCoy's explanation of Tribbles' life cycle? 🖖

[@fredericapanon207]

Can expand upon that? I do not recall that at all.

[@marcusramirez464]

Tribbles are born pregnant

[@capt.bart.roberts4975]

No... 😋

[@Tsaukpaetra]

Seen

[@FlattRas]

My first thought during the video was…so they’re tribbles.

[@TitularHeroine]

This was *really* interesting. I very much enjoy the episodes Savannah hosts too. Thank you!

[@OthnielHeristiyono]

LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor) is proud we have come so far

[@AB78]

I really enjoy this host !!! I dig her style and sarcasm. I hope she stays around

[@katdixon8390]

Ah, they mostly infect fish, so I'm safe... But wait, according to phylogeny, I AM a fish!

[@albuquerquegardening]

1:39 stewie griffin cameo

[@a-goblin]

no wonder they evolved so early. it's all that time travel

[@tod1way]

Ah! You beat me to it. 😂

[@chrismcdonald2947]

I love the part of science that asks "Why the @#$% did you do that?!" about species that do the exact opposite of what others of their species do

[@elizabethgall5327]

This is such a well-written (and presented) video! I feel like I learned 20 minutes of cool stuff in a 6 minute video. Being accurate while being concise is super hard, and you mastered it. Also, great glasses!

[@slasamsara]

really fascinating subject but I really came here just to tell how much I appriciate the host.. cool name, too 😊

[@Caterfree10]

I can't believe this isn't Bizarre Beasts. I need a pin of this critter.

[@birdwatchingwithdrrajasaur4410]

Stewey @1:34

[@CanorousFlatulence]

Ok, maybe I missed something. Honest question: how do we know when they evolved? Do we have fossils of myxozoans from that time period? Seems wild that we know they were around but their hosts definitely were not

[@Oler-yx7xj]

If I understand it correctly, what scientists do, is they take genomes of many myxozoan species and they look at how different the genes are, if they are not very different, it implies that the species have diverged relatively recently, and if they are very different than species should have diverged long ago, and the scientists estimate how long ago that was by looking at the species for which we do have fossils

[@prophetzarquon]

Correct. Also, there's lots of "junk DNA" that remixes generationally, allowing measurements of duplication & mutation count, to clue us in on how many recombinations have occurred (that part doesn't work for all types of reproduction, though).

[@232mumboy]

Genetic drift happens at a specific rate. If you look at the difference in genes between one species and another, you can get an estimate of how long those species have been genetically diverging.

[@mrmetang3642]

Mostly correct, but one major correction: they ignore the genes! Rather, it’s the junk DNA that’s focused on. Genes are selected for, they can stick around or go away at rates fairly independent of actual timescales. Junk DNA (DNA that isn’t translated into genes) isn’t selected for and thus the only thing impacting the mutation rate is how many generations have occurred. This method of comparing mutations to estimate how long ago two lineages diverged is called the molecular clock!

[@Lexivor]

I think these estimates derived from genetic change are not always very accurate. I really doubt Myxozoans are 720 million years old.

[@avicohen2k]

This is just an intro and just the right amount of information. From here you can dig borrow if you so choose.

[@frankperez1953]

Absolutely fascinating! Great job delivering this astounding mini-lecture.

[@Roroxane]

I love Savannah's face as they say "they like it here 🥴" 😂. Like if you COULD choose between land and water, why would you ever pick land 🤭

[@bendershome4discountorphan859]

This a bizzare beast if ive ever seen one

[@Riselio92]

Hungary used to be covered by the Pannonian sea millions of years ago, may have had something to do with them being there. 4:48

[@anniebooo]

Thank you, you make an 'older' zoologist happy with your presentation. Kind regards, Annie

[@johnathantucker4191]

Another well done Sci Show episode. Hats off to the host and team. Land jellyfish... who knew!?!? 😂

[@primarytrainer1]

top three best hosts of sci show

[@lysandroabelcher2592]

You don't want to freak us out... but when read between lines, you did it !! Holy 💩!!

[@sabrinawise7938]

I need more conversations about elephant shrews. Those are my favorite animals 😍🥰

[@the.darkmess]

Probably my favourite complexly host! Keep up the good work!

[@jamesleatherwood5125]

This would have also made a great Bizzare Beasts episode!

[@MissingRaptor]

I was thinking the same thing!

[@TF8ase]

I love them so much. In fact I love seeing stuff in nature that seems like it's designed to mess with us 😂

[@brandonheath6713]

"You are familiar with Jellyfish". Nope. I am not. Can I still watch the video?

[@Fayanora]

1:10 TRIBBLES!

[@Bethelaine1]

These animals were great at planning ahead, they evolved for life in critters that wouldn’t exist for ages.

[@jacobkrueger1022]

i like your shirt and glasses combo! 😄

[@a-goblin]

they're just funky lil guys

[@sonjaya37]

Savannah is a great host! I like their enthusiasm and the cadence of their voice for this kind of content

[@OddcessiveNooBurrito]

I really liked microscopic turducken 😂

[@MeghannDucken-zl7pe]

Ha....ha....!

[@GSBarlev]

I laughed so hard I endogenously budded.

[@prophetzarquon]

Exogenous budding is rough on the complexion.

[@jadedrealist]

"There are no beaches" The way she said this coupled with the confused on her face made me chortle.

[@duhduhvesta]

It was hilarious

[@davidelrizzo]

It's a good day when I am introduced to a whole new class of lifeform 👌❤️

[@sophiecavazos7947]

Honestly, my best guess about the land-locked jellies is that they traveled upstream from the Black Sea through the Danube River- probably by hitch-hiking on fish (and the river is known for hosting migratory fish, albeit near impossible now since the first 'Iron Gate' in 1974). Otherwise, I like to think these little horshoe-crab-looking things have just taken a train to Budapest. I heard it's nice there...

[@waderutherford9083]

this is a weird beasts candidate if I've ever heard one before

[@Dx-Dm]

This tickled my brain so much. Thank you! And awesome hosting! Fast-paced, thorough, charismatic, and clear.

[@Suchega_Uber]

I love how confident the opening of the video is that there is zero percent chance that someone young, curious, and poor could have this video as their first scishow episode.

[@nerdlingeeksly5192]

If there can be co-emperors in Rome there can be co-presidents on sci-show

[@user-rm9zx7ln9i]

Savannah's a great host. Hope to see more of them!

[@Foxerdefox6648]

I love the jokes and the way of bringing this kind of information. very interesting and fun video! thanks

[@y_fam_goeglyd]

This was weirdly fascinating! I love nature's weirdness, though sometimes it can be incredibly creepy!

[@dombo813]

Tfw you forget to set your clock back for daylight savings and wake up a hundred million years early.

[@prophetzarquon]

I haven't adjusted a clock for daylight wasting time, in years. It's a bad idea, but fortunately we can just ignore it! (Most of the world doesn't use it, so time & date settings do offer the option to disable it. No time like the present!)

[@NicoleOkkkkkk]

my fave presenter! aside from hank green ofc

[@GSBarlev]

(don't tell Hank, but I actually rank him _below_ Savannah and Niba).

[@e8t788]

New nightmare fuel unlocked.

[@barkingmonkee]

I could've done with an explanation of the lifecycle of the myxozoans that inhabit shrews and how that compares with the lifecycle of the marine versions - is it directly comparable with the shrews replacing fish in the loop? Or does it differ beyond that? Yeah, I could just google it, but I'm SO lazy. Also a little buzzed. Love the "Impossible Astronaut" shirt (at least that's how I'm choosing to interpret it.)

[@prophetzarquon]

It's a Dr. Who shirt?

[@julescaru8591]

Thanks Savanna, you’re my favourite host !

[@727Phoenix]

*turducken* _noun US_ a roast dish consisting of a boned chicken inside a boned duck which is then placed inside a partially boned turkey. SciShow is so informative!

[@prophetzarquon]

Uhhh... _*deboned_

[@727Phoenix]

@@prophetzarquonEven as a small child I always insisted saying deboned makes more sense than boned. But I'm not in charge of language so...

[@nemo-x]

Hungary did have a beach in croatia some time ago, but some more time ago (dinosaurs) it was a sea. Tropical with islands. Or fish swam up the rivers and spread it.

[@Brian-bp5pe]

Fascinating. We should explore the PBJ angle.

[@doogandoggin2571]

How many stories of worms from the sky attributed to bird vomit have you heard? I would look for a migratory bird to be the likely vector. Can't wait to hear more.

[@davidcarrier9877]

I like to imagine jellyfish turn into mushrooms when they go on land.

[@youtubeuser1052]

A handful of cells is a pretty large number

[@Margoth195]

5:12 ummm but Hungary has rivers that reach the sea. isn't that a possible corridor? there are freshwater jellyfish all be it rare. this is less strange than you made it out to be but thanks for the info.

[@sarahluchies1076]

*Albeit, not all be it. But good point.

[@Margoth195]

@@sarahluchies1076 lol. Thanks! I am dyslexic so I can't easily catch the difference (spelling! My one weakness!). Glad I'm not alone in thinking so.

[@MeleeTiger]

If you choose a new name for the President of Science, I vote for Minister of Science, since there can be multiple ministers of something.

[@pierreabbat6157]

The President and First Lady of Science?

[@mal2ksc]

Myxozoans may get a ride periodically from the weather. If a waterspout can drop fish on land, it can certainly pick up and drop creatures as tiny as myxozoans. Or maybe they just hitch a ride on/in the fish themselves and have to seek other accommodations as the fish dies, and earthworms are close enough that it occasionally works and that's all it takes to succeed in a new species with no resistance.

[@megamushroom]

1:35 Rip slime moulds and macroalgae

[@megamushroom]

Also bruh This whole time i thought i was pronounces "cinna-darian" Not "nidarian"

[@megamushroom]

This video would be fun but its kind of annoying 1. They didnt properly explain what makes them animals and not protists besides "they are multicellular" 2. They act like them surviving on land is some crazy thing despite the fact that theu are parasitic and dont truly survive on land but rather inside a body

[@megamushroom]

I mean its still kind of interesting but they didnt give much info

[@noahbrown1007]

4:49 I thought she said something other than beaches 😆

[@middlemuse]

Molecular Turducken is my new band name.

[@myinnermagpie]

Good band name

[@slicker1444]

I am no scientist by a long shot bit I could think of a few ways these creatures could get to land lock areas ? One being large storms like hurricanes and tornadoes that can pick up sea water and dump it miles from where it was pick up ? another would be migrating birds, and that just 2 off the top of my head ?

[@mackea1]

Well has anyone checked to see if they parasite on sea birds or even regular birds? Also they could have made it that far inland sometime in the distant past. That region could have been partially underwater. Then it became an inland sea then eventually landlocked. Maybe Millions of years ago. Always keep asking questions.

[@prophetzarquon]

The back & forth between commonly accepted geologic timelines, being overturned by biological traces, which in turn are often puzzling until the mystery is overturned by new geologic data, would be amusing if it didn't result in so many misunderstandings! Rapid elevation changes of up to 10000ft, & intermittent seawater flooding, etc, are far more well evidenced than commonly believed just ten & twenty years ago. Catastrophic geology remains controversial!

[@kev-dog4149]

Fantastic presentation! I’m a new fan.

[@robisapirate]

0:43 but i just learned in the other video that I am sort of a fish! 🤡

[@YichenGao]

50 cents to bet it’s from Clint’s reptiles

[@robisapirate]

@@YichenGao nope it was "what is a fish" 6 days ago on SciShow lol

[@Ongargis]

Reminding myself that I'm not a fish is how I fix my hiccups.

[@podtherod9304]

@@Ongargisbut you are a fish!

[@donquixokie1538]

A parasite has the movement capabilities of host. Through the air, underground.

[@kylekirkparick426]

This video is interesting. Love the shades.

[@maryjanehansen7947]

i love your cool glasses!

[@howdy4504]

they're just vibing

[@dirpbirp6747]

Love that these are to the point. Who needs 30 minute history? Just answer the question.

[@MaxContagion]

whoever got that practical effect going for parasitic worms in tv shows better have made a lot of money off it. those episodes are the most unsettling of any

[@meteora4318]

What if they were originally inside an ocean creature, and then the ocean creature gets eaten by a bird, and then the bird shits in Hungrary. And that's how they got there?

[@KxNOxUTA]

Also people bring in fish and discard it + our waste can also land in nature, so ... Yeah. It's odd, but that usually just means that we're missing information :'D

[@Chris-ut6eq]

If I'm not mistaken Hungry is connected to the black sea via at least one river, so a sea creature has a path to the land of paprika.

[@iwontliveinfear]

Being multi-cellular or single-celled has nothing to do with being microscopic or macroscopic. There is at least 1 single-celled organism that can grow to up to a few centimeters in diameter. Then there are tardigrades, which are extremely complex multi-cellular organisms that are microscopic.

[@businesszeus6864]

also, eggs are big single cells

[@232mumboy]

Well, NOTHING to do seems a little silly. There's clearly a strong correlation. The organizational complexity necessary to exist as a single organism at sizes humans can see seems to be far easier to achieve with more than one cell.

[@mildlymarvelous]

And fairy wasps, which are fully-formed insects smaller than the microscopic single-celled paramecium.

[@MagSec40]

Savannah, you are a great presenter!

[@DEMONOFLOVEANDDEATH]

Bless the SciShow

[@Iloveitjeremiah]

What’s crazier is the octopus’s living in the trees in California!

[@threecatsdancing]

I love watching SciShow on my lunch break while I eat. As soon as the worms appeared I knew I would have to finish this later. 😬

[@myinnermagpie]

Yes!!!!!! Sort of barfy🤢

[@banukaii]

There is a species of freshwater jellyfish thats been introduced to waterways across the world (sometimes almost miraculously) if that helps explain Hungary.

[@matt92hun]

Where Hungary and the Balkans are now used to be under water. The last of this disappeared about 1 million years ago.