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The castle of Soyhières (Saugern) was probably founded around 1100 by the family of counts of the same name. After their extinction in the late 12th century, it passed to the counts of Pfirt (Ferrette) and came under the sovereignty of the Bishop of Basel in 1271. After the earthquake of 1356, it was rebuilt, but was finally destroyed by imperial troops in the Swabian War of 1499. The ruins have unfortunately been greatly altered by various new buildings and reconstructions in the 19th and 20th centuries.
The counts of Saugern in the High Middle Ages
Soyhières (Saugern) is the eponymous castle of an important family of counts, whose sources are difficult to identify, and which ruled the Sornegau in the High Middle Ages. It first appears in documents in 1102 with "comes Odelricus de Sougere" and his brother Uedelhard I, who also bore the title of count. In 1131, Count Uedelhard II founded the Frienisberg monastery near Seedorf (Canton of Bern). By 1180, the family appears to have died out in the male line.
Researchers have puzzled over this family of counts, which probably came from the high nobility of the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy. There were close family ties to the counts of Egisheim in Alsace. Around the turn of the millennium, the counts apparently began to colonise the Jura in the area around Delémont from the Bernese Mittelland. The Château de Beauregard above Delémont may have served as their earliest seat. They emerged from this region in the 11th and 12th centuries. along the Birs towards Basel and founded a number of important castles: Soyhières (Saugern), Bello (later Neu-Thierstein), Pfeffingen and probably also Dorneck. The same Saugern-Pfeffingen family group also founded the Beinwil monastery in the upper valley of the Lüssel around 1100.
Transfer of the castle to the Counts of Pfirt and the Bishop of Basel
Due to a lack of archaeological findings, it is not possible to determine exactly when the Château de Soyhières was founded. Some finds from the foot of the castle rock date back to around 1100, so that the complex can be considered a residence of the counts at that time. After their extinction, however, it is likely that it was significantly changed. Together with the sovereign rights in the Delémont area, this part of the inheritance went to the Counts of Pfirt (Ferrette). The Lords of Soyhières probably lived in the castle at that time - a knightly family that first appears around 1170 and disappears from sources in the 13th century.
In 1271, the Counts of Pfirt sold Soyhières Castle to the Bishop of Basel and received it back from him as a fief. When the Pfirt family died out in 1324, their inheritance fell to the Habsburgs. But the bishop wanted to remove Soyhères from Austrian influence and sold it to the prior of St. Alban's Monastery in Basel in 1334.
Earthquake damage, destruction in the Swabian War
The great earthquake in Basel in 1356 destroyed Soyhières, along with many other castles. The ruins were then purchased by Richard Stocker, castellan of the Château de Delémont, with the obligation to rebuild the complex and keep it open to the Prince-Bishop at all times. The next owners in the late 14th century were... Johann Ulrich von Delle and from 1388 Count Thiébaud VI of Neuenburg-Blamont. In the early 14th century, the fief was divided up due to inheritance. One third belonged to the Lords of Boncourt, the rest to the Lords of Blamont, who sold their share to the Lords of Tavannes in 1451.
During the Swabian War, the Prince-Bishop, as feudal lord, insisted on making Soyhières defensible. However, the appeal was of no use: Imperial troops were able to enter the complex in April 1499, plundered and destroyed it. From then on, the castle remained a ruin. It returned to the diocese in 1576 and was auctioned off as national property in 1793.
Source: www.burgenwelt...
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