Space Pizza & Dead Spacecraft - Deep Space Questions Episode 16

[@keenanmcbreen7073]

Combine the pizza question and the mining question, have the first thing we make out of space rock be a pizza stone.

[@johnrickard8512]

All new Marcello's Pizzarea now open on Ceres!

[@robertoaguiar6230]

First life support station: Space Naples

[@FatHeadDave]

Stone Baked Pizza? Mmmmmm

[@ryomichael]

YES! Most delicious space based "Two birds with one stone" solution I've heard.

[@andreipendle1778]

Ohhh, wouldn't that sell like hotcakes? Asteroid Pizza Stone®

[@wesc7983]

The reverse calzone is one of the greatest culinary theories ever conceived. I hope to live to a day when we see this come to fruition.

[@sparky6086]

I use tortillas for pizza all the time, when I'm on Earth. It works great & is much less expensive than those pre-made pizza crusts. It makes a great pseudo-New York style thin crust. Cook at 500F or above. Pizza in 3.5 to 6 minutes.

[@tiberiusmagnificuscaeser4929]

“Why would you want to reverse a calzone?” “Oh my god, because we’re civilized!”

[@robertoaguiar6230]

This dude was so high fr

[@joshuahodge1181]

Reverse calzone... Mind blown... Reboot/reload mind

[@sbeyer17]

I think it'd be somewhat difficult to eat it.

[@Leo-gk4ue]

As an Italian I'm sure that our space agency was created to answer this fundamental questions about space pizzas

[@DUKE_of_RAMBLE]

If not, please contact your government to make sure they _do_ get on it... Human existence and our survival in space is at stake! Hmmm steak... cheese... milk enzymes... We need to make sure, uh, Texas?... is on top of Space Cows. Or goats, which probably would be a better idea, being they weigh less in terms of milk production. _(and, no, I'm not going to touch the concept of using breast milk as a source, even though I do know it's been done... we're just not there yet as a society, to accept _*_that_*_ sort of cheese, nevermind a pizza made with it!! lmao)_

[@fritz46]

I'm waiting for your first orbital pizzeria!

[@stefanklass6763]

We need a Pizza centrifuge. Artificial gravity just for pizza!

[@ylette]

Or the spacecraft just needs to accelerate at 1G while the pizza is in the oven.

[@IanZainea1990]

Precisely. And I bet you could use lightweight pumice. Maybe make some briquettes out of regolith or mars dust. And then line that with some plaster... And spin it up!!

[@stefanklass6763]

@@ylette Escape burn Pizza!

[@tarmaque]

@@ylette ...and mount the pizza stone on the combustion chamber to use waste heat for the cooking process. Win/win.

[@johndododoe1411]

Yep, a small centrifuge about half a Roman foot in diameter with hot air blown through could do this, with a somewhat bent pizza.

[@Jatheus]

Oh my gosh! I grew up on pizzas made on tortillas! I always thought they were great, because they are easy, and everyone can pick their own toppings, and they are quick too... then... I made them for my wife... and she said that they taste like poverty... hahaha! So... I am totally vindicated by this video. Thank you! :-D

[@MonkeyJedi99]

We used to make personal pizzas on English muffin halves. Actually, I still do.

[@nomar5spaulding]

I love Man Scotley videos.

[@grayson8683]

The moon dust question reminds me of the part in Andy Weir's Artemis where Jazz blows up aluminium harvesters and fragments come down in total silence all around her at the same speed they left the explosion.

[@badAim2]

In 50 years, somewhere in space: Asteroid miner No1 to Asteroid miner No2: hey bro, wanna go with me for Manley's pizza this evening??

[@advorak8529]

"go"???

[@MonkeyJedi99]

@@advorak8529 Wink, wink. Nudge, nudge.

[@isaacplaysbass8568]

I propose a space-pizza oven system as a variation on a forced convection air fryer concept; the hot air cooks the pizza whilst the air flow itself push the pizza against a grating to keep it in place, the air is then cycled back around past the heating element and around again. Meanwhile a refillable induction "crucible" similar to that of some vapouriser products would be loaded with a suitable wood shavings cartridge, which would heat up (via induction) until the wood shavings yield aromatic wood smoke compounds for added flavouring.

[@detritus23]

The SOHO solar observatory was rescued after a loss of orientation event. IIRC, using the timing of the directional antenna carrier, the engineers were able to determine its orientation, send commands to slow the spin, and return it to service,

[@sheldoninexile]

I loved the part about pizza, the reverse calzone sounds great. What do you think about a dyson pizza. A sphere of dough with toppings on the inside cooked by a heat source in the center.

[@benjaminshropshire2900]

How about a cylindrical pizza? Use a spinning oven and line the inside with crust and other goodies?

[@sheldoninexile]

@@benjaminshropshire2900 I like it. Could you reroute the radiator fluid to act a a warming oven?

[@sheldoninexile]

After NASA is done with the ISS Orbital Pizza Station.

[@DavidOfWhitehills]

@@benjaminshropshire2900 Actually, that would be an O'Neill pizza.

[@Forest_Fifer]

@@benjaminshropshire2900 isn't that basically a tandoor?

[@skysurferuk]

"Don't mention the war!"... had me smiling. Do any non Brits get that? 🤠

[@johndododoe1411]

Yeah Fawlty Towers was exported.

[@PinataOblongata]

Yes, I'm sure Fawlty Towers has been broadcast to most countries. Most of us Aussies, at least of a certain age, will be familiar.

[@davidbarry494]

oh, the war. oh yes completely slipped my mind. Yes I forgotten all about it. Yes completely forgotten it. Just like that. He mentioned it once but I think he got away with it. But whatever you do, don't mention it again.

[@czmelak]

You started it, you invaded Poland!

[@sirflamedrop6165]

I loved the reference 🤣

[@rockets9488]

Thoroughly enjoyed the pizza question and discussion. Things like this get people excited about the possibilities of our future in space who may otherwise think about space as being reserved for a select few as in our past.

[@Trek001]

There are a few "zombie" sats that have come back to life such as LES-1, LES-9 and AMSAT-OSCAR 7. AMSAT-OSCAR 7 in fact, is in daily use by enthusiasts and was actually used by the Fighting Solidarity in Poland during the Polish uprising to communicate with other cells/groups in 1982

[@jannikheidemann3805]

That sounds like a really interesting story.

[@kitnaylor7267]

With regards to GPS proposals in space, there's ESA's "Moonlight" initiative to put GPS and other communications around the Moon. A completely different alternative, NASA has done quite a bit of research into using Pulsars as navigation beacons in its SEXTANT programme, and this is probably going to be demo'd on Artemis.

[@tk421dr]

im interested in this o'neill pizza cylinder tech

[@lanceferraro3781]

Scott. I love your channel for two resaons. One, because I am 71 and can't remember a time I wasn't crazy about rockets. Two, I lived on the banks of the Clyden near Innellen, for quite a time and love your accent, takes me back to wonderful memories.

[@happyhome41]

Pizza party on the ISS - was a new (and wonderful) one on me. THANK YOU !

[@mytube001]

A "SSPS" satellite wouldn't have to be that power intensive. On interplanetary journeys, you likely don't need second-to-second accuracy. A position update every few minutes (or even hours) or so would probably be more than good enough. Given that, you could have a constellation of satellites broadcasting their time signals in short bursts in different, small sectors of the "sky". The sectors would have to overlap often enough for enough satellites so that any desired position in the solar system would get signals from the required number of satellites simultaneously within the update time interval. This could either be a designed pattern, or a somewhat random pattern. By limiting the broadcast to a small sector at any given moment, you can up the gain and reduce the power required substantially, probably by several orders of magnitude if done right. You could further improve this if you limit the positioning to a relatively flat disc-shaped volume of the solar system, close to the rotational plane. Then most of the "verticality" of the transmissions could be eliminated.

[@NHOrus]

Yeah, nav buoys that transmit their location, time and location of celestial objects for interplanetary bits, then positioning shell around interesting celestial bodies.

[@martijn8554]

That's very clever. Although over the years I've heard of using pulsars for positioning. Wikipedia says it's been trialed. Supposed 5km accuracy, which is pretty good for space.

[@steveschlembach]

This is a really different environment so you can’t compare GPS to a stellar version. The propagation delay would be so large that the signal measurement would be near impossible.

[@benjaminshropshire2900]

@@steveschlembach If you know your rough 4D location (3D+time) the magnitude of the delay should be mostly irrelevant as you will know more or less what you should be seeing. Also, if you have a good clock (μs/day drift?) and have some idea of where you are you would only really need to listen to a single transmitter at any given time. The math to solve for your path over time given only radial distance and velocity could get interesting, but it's likely no worse than trying to locate an asteroid from a small number of sightings.

[@Tomyironmane]

I'd like to point out that if you use direction and angle in place of GPS signals, you can shoot an azimuth off of the major planets, which are visible to the naked eye, and get a pretty good idea of your position and possibly even your velocity, without having to launch any satellite constellation. Similar can be done with stars, potentially, as long as you use the closer ones, by noting stellar parallax, both distance and direction. In short, you don't NEED a Positioning System to navigate. You just need a tall antenna, and a star to steer her by.

[@surferdude4487]

I recently watched Midnight Sky. One thing they got wrong was that they seemed to think they needed communication with Earth to get a fix on their position while travelling between Jupiter and Earth. No, they simply needed to look at the relative angles of the planets and get their position from that. Another thing they got wrong was that there was no light-speed lag in the communications. It made it very difficult to take the movie seriously. Also, where there is no atmosphere, there is no terminal velocity. Consequently, there is no limit to how much kinetic energy can be carried by a single spec of dust.

[@MonkeyJedi99]

Regarding light-speed lag, the best movies will show the light speed lag, or hang a lantern on it and have a character clearly state it, then they will transition to black-screen cuts to save time and keep the plot moving. One of my favorite handlings of this was actually in the Stargate SG-1 episode where the X-301 booby trap send Teal's and O'Niell out deep in the solar system.

[@zapfanzapfan]

"Imagine a spherical pizza"... that is the new archetypical physicist statement to start with 🙂

[@sparky6086]

I use tortillas for pizza all the time, when I'm on Earth. It works great & is much less expensive than those pre-made pizza crusts. It makes a great pseudo-New York style thin crust. Cook at 500F or above. Pizza in 3.5 to 6 minutes.

[@-danR]

I make hot-dogs with tortillas. Nothing better for a ravenous stomach than 5 wrapped in a sun-dried-tomato tortilla.

[@jessepollard7132]

I have used tortillas and pita bread for that. hotdogs too.

[@teslatonight]

Pizzas made on a burrito wrap work well, taste crispy & delicious, and take four minutes and twenty seconds to bake at 500°. 🤖🧡

[@superdupergrover9857]

Pizza would be a cylindrical oven, it would look like a washing machine. There would be heaters on the outside of the drum to cook the crust and some radiative heaters on the inside, or at least some fans and just one heater. You would spread the pizza dough around the inside of the drum. Then you would start to spin the drum slowly, adding the sauce and toppings. then you would shut the door and the heating elements would heat up and the drum would spin faster. Timer dings, the heaters shut off and the drum slows down and stops. The drum would have to work like a springform pan, so you or the oven would have to flip a lever which expands the drum, allow the pizza cylinder to be removed. Then a single cut of the pizza with an ordinary knife and you have a rectangular pizza that only has a crust on two sides. The drum would be removable for cleaning, but i think it would remain affixed to the oven for ordinary use. There would have to be a keyway cut in opening of the oven so an astronaut could undo the drum latch. This keyway would likely be in the corner of the oven, as this would be were the extra room is, since the oven would be square with a cylinder inside.

[@johndododoe1411]

For simplicity make the pizza less than one full inner circle and remove it normally after stopping rotation. An 18" pizza on the inside of a 6" drum will have a nice 0.8" gap preventing the edge from touching itself, thus allowing you to lift out the pizza. Roman or Napolitanian inches, not English obviously.

[@theOrionsarms]

You want to say like a Hungarian kurtosh kolaks?

[@frankowalker4662]

I often wondered what happend to Giotto, I can still remember the sounds of the tail of Halley's Comet hitting the on board mic as Giotto got closer. :)

[@Tomyironmane]

"My son wants to be an asteroid miner. What do I recommend to get him there?" Wow... Ok, that was an awesome question. And a pretty awesome parent. My parents would ask me what I wanted to do at that age, and then tell me "You're not good enough. Oh, hey Burger King is hiring." ... of course they still treat me that way.

[@MonkeyJedi99]

My advice? Invest in owning the forests that produce maple syrup.

[@SomeOne-lc2pc]

@@MonkeyJedi99 I'm sure some aliens will find it quite an enjoyable beverage

[@cokeforever]

that was rather dumb question: if we ever mine asteroids, it will be done using machines, robotics... so this dude's kid would be better off becoming a programmer... p.s. may it have been that your parents were wise to provoke you like this, to stimulate you "proving them wrong"? ;)

[@rkirke1]

Off the top of my head, my space pizza oven design as follows: - Traditionally bricks provide huge thermal mass i.e a stable temperature. A lightweight alternative might be an aluminum heat spreader plate with heating element(s) and PID control(s) - Normally the top of pizza is cooked by a combination of IR and convective heat. I propose an insulating "box" over the aluminum base plate with resistive heating elements on the top, much like an electric grille or toaster. - MOST IMPORTANTLY, the right amount of moisture needs to leave the pizza - this is why microwaving pizza is illegal. I propose a fan on the box which can vary the amount of dry air entering the box, as well as an exhaust vent. By monitoring the temperature and humidity of air exiting the box, the fan and heating element power can be varied to control both the temperature in the box, as well as the total amount of moisture leaving the pizza. - Of course you wouldn't want any hot grease drops or melted cheese exiting the contraption and floating around, so the air exit port would need to contain a particulate filter and likely a desiccant. - To keep the pizza in place during cooking, a spring loaded coarse "mesh" on top of the pizza could be used, similar to those used in a toaster to center the bread. The material (ceramic?) could be selected to absorb an appropriate amount of IR so that it didn't heat up too much more than the surrounding air. - The only thing missing from this would be the authentic wood smoke. As Scott pointed out, wood really shouldn't go inside spaceships. Fire even more so. The only thing I can think of would be to cheat and apply condensed "wood smoke" essence to the pizzas before they left earth.. :)

[@knoxyto]

i really liked the visual demonstration how the moon effected that spacecraft's orbit. even though i knew they do it, never actually visualised how that happens, so thank you for this ! and more visualisations like this please!

[@viliamklein]

MMS has demonstrated that they can get position solutions above the GPS constellation. But why build our own constellation for solar system positioning when millisecond pulsars exist?

[@skylerlehmkuhl135]

Millisecond pulsars are far less accurate than GPS because, though they emit a stable repeating signal, it contains no time information - there's nothing to tell a receiver whether it's receiving one pulse or the one behind it. Practically, this means that it can be used to sustain a locating fix at a resolution of about 400 kilometers, but if you ever move your antennas and miss a few pulses, you need an external reference signal to give you a lock again.

[@michaelnord9081]

@@skylerlehmkuhl135 Plus they are *very* faint. You need HUGE radio telescopes to detect them. Same at other frequencies.

[@alfonsopayra]

Loved the pizza question/answer ! God sake! Priceless

[@andrewbergspage]

The rocket bell is kind of similar to a tandoor... Also, if you cook while it's firing, you don't have to deal with zero g.

[@eekee6034]

Excellent points! :D

[@kellynolen498]

that reminds me of this one time my mom left a burrito in the oven when we went to church when we got home it was a black brick we called it mexican coal point is thats what the pizzas gonna look like that if you stick it in the rocket bell ohh and im talking frozen burrito if your wondering why its in the oven we are lucky it didnt damage the oven and burn the house down

[@abitoffcenter383]

I'm just a dumb mechanic, for transparency. How to cook pizza in zero G. Have an oven the blow super heated air down onto the pizza. That way it can be cooked in the correct orientation. Also you can have the air only on the outside of the oven and rotate the pizza so the crust can be cooked correctly or to one's individual liking. No, wood would definitely be a bad idea. Although, with wood pellets one could definitely design a way to enjoy slow smoked BBQ. As a born and raised Texan that is definitely a food group that's a must! Thank You for reading. I hope everyone is doing well and y'all be safe out there!

[@StealthTheUnknown]

Spherical pizza? Time to deliver a pizza ball! Solution to the pizza baking problem: use the dough to adhere the pizza to your heated baking stone, or whatever you’re using to hold the pizza in the oven. Thin crust helps reduce the mass of dough necessary and may permit the baker to ditch the leavening and use yeast flavor instead of active yeast. The sauce will adhere the toppings to the pie, as well as the cheese. Extra cheese might float away, so this will be a calorie-conscious 0-G dish, light on the cheese. From there, bake as normal (maybe using fans to move air around the over, and simply deal with the need to put more work into separating the pizza from the stone

[@Tolono]

I'm thinking an inertial/centrifugal pizza cooker with an electric heating element in the middle. The pizza would be shaped like a cylinder with the toppings on the inside surface. Can be cut into squares that are almost flat afterwards. You can sprinkle ingredients evenly across the pizza by just throwing them in the oven and they'll stick to the cylindrical pizza as it goes around.

[@roysmith5902]

So, basically Ringworld pizza?

[@HalSchirmer]

For "pizza in space" you would probably do best with an Indian-style Naan bread, which is cooked by slapping it vertically against the wall of an oven. In zero-g, you should be able to adhere the toppings to the bread with sauce without too much trouble. Follow up question about Oberth maneuvers- what is the maximum velocity possible if you have the Sun & Jupiter "play catch" by repeated gravity assist slingshots back and forth? I.e. launch from Earth and slingshot and/or Oberth burn around Jupiter to toss a probe towards the Sun faster, slingshot/Oberth around the Sun to toss back towards Jupiter even faster, slingshot & Oberth around Jupiter to toss back faster still, then slingshot & Oberth around the Sun, faster yet- perhaps out of the ecliptic to catch up to Oumuamua?

[@ianglenn2821]

Sounds feasible, you just got me thinking that maybe Oumuamua was an alien ship using our sun to slingshot to catch up with a possible alien ship that had visited their own system, and nobody knows who invented the first spaceship, it's just Oumuamua's all the way down

[@HalSchirmer]

@@ianglenn2821 Well, I do find the "unexplained acceleration" quite interesting- One of the more interesting speculations is O' might be a ET solar sail fragment. However, it occurs to me that given the prevalence of tholins - red-polymerized-go on outer planets and our Kuiper & Oort belt objects, plus the tendency for comets to accumulate a refractory 'crust', I wonder if Oumuamua might be a natural phenomenon- a sheet of polymerized comet crust. Imagine a Kreutz-comet0family extrasolar comet breaking up, around peri-astron, and you'd have a natural system that mimics the proposed "SunDiver" probes which unfurl a solar sail VERY close to the sun to get up to and beyond solar escape velocity.

[@Yokovich_]

Apollo 13 was released July 30th, 1995. Apollo 13 runtime is 2 hours 20 minutes or 2.33 hours (repeating, of course) There have been 234,443 hours since July 30th, 1995. 234,443 / 2.33 = ~100,476 play throughs since release. Azure seems to have been watching on 10 different screens for 27 years straight! Well done!

[@jojo_da_poe]

Props to them!

[@heatshield]

Reminds me of an old George Carlin skit about things that have never been said before. Sort of became a modern "meme", brand new sentence. I have the same degree of confidence that this is brand new math.

[@GuntherRommel]

Perfect timing, Mr. Manley. Very much in the mood for one of your videos!

[@frankgulla2335]

Always good to hear you ruminating about "things in space"!

[@longlakeshore]

Regarding using the Moon for gravity assist remember that though the Moon is 25% the diameter of Earth the Moon's mass is only 1.2% of Earth's. That means 98.8% of the mass of the Earth-Moon system is in the Earth.

[@grn1]

For the pizza question. I'm thinking we could have a mold that's also designed to distribute heat in an appropriate way to form the crust but before the crust is fully cooked pull the top half of the mold out, move another module into position that applies sauce, cheese, and toppings then have a slightly different top half come in to hold everything together for the rest of the cooking process. May have to add a step to spread the sauce but the cheese and toppings could probably be launched at the top of the pizza preferably in a way that keeps everything together so when the other part of the mold comes in there's no leakage. Another possibility is to make calzones by using a mold to create the outer part then injecting the other ingredients inside of it somehow (might actually be easier in some ways).

[@carmatic]

i think that they can use acoustic entrapment in an oven to keep it centered and prevent it from contacting the oven walls

[@tarmaque]

Ooo! Interesting idea. If I'm not mistaken, it is also possible to heat things with sound in an atmosphere. The Sonic Pizza Oven! That said, I suspect a series of hot-air jets and vacuum ports circulating in an enclosed space would work better. I'll get a man right on it.

[@JayVal90]

Regarding SSPS, I would think the biggest deal would be orbiting them perpendicular to the orbital plane. It could listen for pings from spacecraft then respond back directionally with a data packet. Totally different from GPS, but it would work up to a certain number of requests per hour.

[@texastaterbug5395]

I was going to write that they should be outside the plane of the ecliptic, but then decided to look through the comments to see if someone already addressed this.

[@davidknisely3003]

Yea, HBO also got things wrong when they re-mastered Alan Shepard's Freedom 7 for the new FROM THE EARTH TO THE MOON. They put extra packages alongside the retrorocket pack on the heat shield that were never on that particular spacecraft. Extra packages were supposed to be on Shepard's proposed Mercury-Atlas 10 mission (and that canceled mission's spacecraft is on exhibit at the Smithsonian's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Viginia). That is what probably got the special effects people mislead about what the actual Freedom 7 looked like.

[@phillipsofthedriver]

A vacuum table in the convection oven, heating elements in between the suction holes. The reverse of the air hockey table. The cheese should be a sheet applied to the sauce to glue it on. then another layer of sauce to glue on the rest of the toppings.

[@supertoasting1011]

Don't have anything contributing to say just wanted to comment to stimulate the algorithm and make your channel more visible. Thanks for the content!

[@Lucius_Chiaraviglio]

To compensate for the lack of gravity and the lack of convection that you would need for a traditional pizza, you could put the pizza down on a screen (pizza sheet with a bunch of small holes) and have fans blow hot air over it to hold it down (and recirculate the hot air to save energy and keep from losing too much moisture and aroma). They don't need to be very strong fans, just providing a gentle breeze that goes through the holes in the pizza sheet, ideally with air velocity comparable to what you would get from convection in a pizza oven on Earth. Have the initial heat for the air provided radiatively so that some of the heat goes directly to the pizza. Judging from the video footage taken on the International Space Station, all the topping stuff will stay on just fine by surface tension, as long as the air flow isn't too vigorous.

[@banana_junior_9000]

Priorities: Let's get this pizza thing figured out.

[@honzaasterba]

Exactly, the whole of humanity has decided that the most important issue to solve is how to get a hot pizza at your door in 20 minutes without standing up from your chair. I think solving that for space is the next logical step.

[@jasonmorello1374]

A form of modified hair dryer (blowing heated air) using air streams to hold object in flow while heating it, would probably be the best option for space pizza baking. This gives the most of what earth ovens can give, without needing to pin something down to a surface. Pan frying and deep frying is going to be the hard thing, as these bubbles of steam will form around an object and not have a direction to leave it, making steamed sections of the fried food.

[@LeonardoSalvatore]

Nice QA answer! Regarding Mars and pizza... Maybe a rotating cylindrical stone with the pizza pushed by centrifugal force?

[@MrPenguinLife]

Scott, I admit I was multi tasking while watching this video, but I think you missed how the Voyager spacecraft track the earth with their antenna, which I believe are pointed at the sun and use heaters / thermal expansion to point the antenna feed side to side at the earth as it orbits the sun through the year.

[@eekee6034]

I didn't catch a mention of Voyager either. I've not heard that before, it sounds really interesting.

[@Gunstick]

Spacecraft also use pulsars to locate themselves. Pulsars are the universe's GPS.

[@thomasgoodwin2648]

You beat me to it! 👍

[@VeraTR909]

Apparantly I was making space pizza when I was using some leftover tortillas, it was pretty good.

[@deadmeat_0152]

"The Dragonriders of Pern" is such a good trilogy

[@jessepollard7132]

So were the rest of the books.

[@Nitram4392]

Agreed.

[@Rorschach1024]

a circular porous ceramic with a resistive heating element with a slight vacuum sucked through the ceramic would serve as a "pizza stone" with a IR radiator above the pizza. The sauce would need to be slightly gooey to hold the toppings on via surface tension until the cheese could melt and encapsulate the toppings better.

[@drmosfet]

A constellation of multi-purpose satellite platform covering our solar system in GPS fashion seems very useful it could perform a list of functions. 1. GPS analogue for are solar system. 2. StarLink analogue for are solar system. 3. Solar system object tracking for planetary defence and warning system. 4. A array of space based platform for astronomy studies. I'm sure there's many more things that a multi-purpose constellation could do.

[@MattSeremet]

I've sworn by tortilla pizzas for years. So easy to make a quick snack: plop a lil sauce + oil, sprinkle cheese, drop some 'ronis and you've got a fresh pizza. Can get wonderfully crispy without worry of overcookin

[@sparky6086]

I use tortillas for pizza all the time, when I'm on Earth. It works great & is much less expensive than those pre-made pizza crusts. It makes a great pseudo-New York style thin crust. Cook at 500F or above. Pizza in 3.5 to 6 minutes.

[@MattSeremet]

@@sparky6086 Such truth! Those expensive pre-made pizza crusts look like tortillas even yet taste like cardboard. Get 10x the amount of crusts with tortillas ^_^

[@tangydiesel1886]

Agree. Those pre made crusts go from cardboard to cracker way too easy. Tortillas can be made crispy yet still soft. An easy snack indeed.

[@hjalfi]

I think focusing on pizza is just distracting from the real space food issue, which is: given that the cookers used on spacecraft are mainly steamers, why are they not eating haggis, neaps and tatties?

[@Forest_Fifer]

And if they have steamers, they could have jam Roly poly...

[@cosmicinsane516]

Pizza oven should be a simple affair. Think of a centrifuge with electric heating element in the middle, maybe few wood chips with electric burner, exhaust fan, exhaust air coolers, and filters. Probably the size of a washing machine and $200k I could build one. We totally need a private space station to test this thing.

[@SapientPearwood]

I love the pizza in space question. It looks forward to a time where launch costs and mass requirements are relaxed enough to allow something as critically important yet delightfully frivolous as a pizza oven. I'm a propulsion fluid dynamicist, not a space food scientist. And while I do actually make a pretty solid pizza at home (thanks Adam Ragusea), I am definitely not qualified to speculate on this with any authority. That said, I think the solve is a workaround via radiation, not to try to recreate ground based conduction. Sure you could come up with some sort of centrifuge to mechanically attach the dough to a hot plate, but that is unrealistically heavy and big. Tbf, at first when the dough is still wet it would probably adhere to a hot plate by itself without a body force, though once it starts to bake and dry out it will definitely detach and float away from the hot plate. To bring a tiny bit of plausibility to this concept, a pizza centrifuge is just obviously never going to fly. No, the better option I think is to try to replicate the maillard reactions that are happening due to high heat flux via conduction with a pizza steel or stone with either convection or radiation. The reaction doesn't actually care about conduction, just heat flux, and really just temperature. Though the characteristic crispy outer crust, soft interior of bread I think requires a high heat flux to get browning on the outside before internal conduction can overbake the inside, you want to sear the dough, not sous vide it. From a safety standpoint, I would definitely prefer radiation (the FMEA for blasting super heated air inside a spacecraft seems not fun). I think the device looks like a smallish box with heat lamps on both sides... basically I just re-invented the toaster oven (or any commercial pizza oven)... anyways, the box would have to be sealed during operation, you'd need an air filtration system to make sure you are capturing and filtering the pizza off-gasing, and you'd need your astronauts to eat next to a vacuum (as crumbs are strictly verboten on spacecraft). Basically, if you wanted to make it fresh use a NASA brand IR toaster oven. Though it is probably better to just stick with tortilla pizza. You can't taste anything while you're up there anyways, so it's not like you're really gonna notice the difference that much.

[@chemistrykrang8065]

Why can't you taste properly in space? I don't think I'd ever heard that... I recall some early astronauts complaining about that palatability of their space food, though, so that seems to imply they could taste to some extent.

[@jannikheidemann3805]

@@chemistrykrang8065 Our sense of taste works worse at lower air pressure. On most space- and aircraft they don't have an full atmosphere of pressure on board, as far as I know.

[@chemistrykrang8065]

@@jannikheidemann3805 I think the ISS is 101 kPa/14.7 psi so same as sea level on earth, so that shouldn't be an issue at least in that case. Thanks for drawing my attention to the reduced sense of taste at high altitude/ low pressure, that's something I'll have to read into. It's always fun to learn something!

[@euphan123]

Last! Question: How much delta v does my pizza oven rocket need to escape the Moons gravity?

[@AlexandreLollini]

Space pizza requires artificial gravity ... either a spinning space station -or- a centrifuge pizza oven.

[@TheWadetube]

Pizza in Zero G needs a mesh or metal grate on both sides to contain the ingredients, cheese needs to be cut in discs like the pepperoni , ham should be cut in long strips like french fries, olives and mushrooms need to be placed carefully and then use an off the shelf toaster oven. No bricks needed. Freschetta is the best frozen pizza.

[@geodkyt]

Pizza in space - use a light vacuum pulling through holes in the pan to keep the pizza in place. Use low volume vans in the oven to create terrestrial-appropriate artifical "convection currents".

[@Coconut-219]

I imagine the forced-convection would function very similarly to how and air-fryer works.

[@geodkyt]

@@Coconut-219 Pretty.much how I envisioned it.

[@Stant123]

Pizza oven in space can be done, and is probably the easiest part to getting real pizza in space. Obviously an enclosed oven is a simple task for humanity at this point. You use a hot plate on "the bottom" and a fan above. Since convection heating is important, the fan(s) gently "blow" down and onto the pizza nudging it into the hot plate. You want it strong enough to force the pizza to maintain contact but not so strong you're pushing cheese and tomato sauce off the dough. This provides the convection action of heated air, and since the pizza is constantly being gently pushed into the hot plate, that cooks the dough as well as provides radiant heat into the pizza to cook it to the center from the under side. We don't need a fancy centrifuge or anything high tech... Just an oven box (which we already make), some heating elements (that we already make), a fan (or multiple) that doesn't mind cooking temps (which we already make), and of course, real pizza ingredients (that we already have). And if you like the old fashioned look, you can use insulating foam/material on the outside that is shaped and colored to look like bricks (which we already do) and hide the heating elements in plain sight with material that looks like wood smoldering rather than tucking them into hiding spots (again, which we already do). The oven is easy, we already have everything to do it and make it simple enough to be reliable for years and exceptionally easy to fix should something not last as long as we'd hope. This is space after all, you can't just dock with your local big box store and buy a new one. Simple, reliable, easy to fix.

[@smash5967]

The obvious solution to pizza oven in space is to build a pizza centrifuge with radiant heaters. The "pizza stone" could be anything reasonably thermally conductive that either has a high thermal mass or a fast acting resistive heater and thermocouple and the walls and roof would be made of radiative heaters. Traditional pizza ovens are thermal mass heaters that radiate heat from the sides and top and conduct heat from the floor. Titanium would probably make a good pizza stone for space use, since it's thermal conductivity is on the low end for a metal, and it's nice and light. It's still closer to a pizza steel than a pizza stone.

[@dash9054]

I think the spherical pizza is the best bet. You could have a stone sphere with a small pipe going into it for heating, then wrap the dough around the outside. The one disadvantage is that it wouldn't have a crust.

[@Henchman1977]

Pita bread pizza is definitely a thing... Pita Pizzas we called them as kids. Smaller pizza crusts weren't a thing where I grew up so we'd use pita bread. Every kid could fashion their own pizza!

[@gijbuis]

As a kid I met a friend who was working on a vacation job with UK MI6. Security was not hot! He told me he had seen a security printout saying "object 68/69a was brought down by the Russians. Did not die a natural death". Sounds a bit weird... how could the Russians 'bring down' a satellite in 1968? I have remembered this conversation my whole life - I was 17 years old when I heard this story.

[@sausagefinger8849]

Don't felch the ferry man

[@stormycatmink]

In physics I loved coordinate transformations and all the tricks you could do by changing your origin point. It also gave me a much better understanding of matrix algebra and later, graphics programming. But by the time I was in physics classes, I'd already learned a lot about astronomy on my own, so my expectations for what I'd learn in entry level courses was pretty low. And tortillas for peanut butter and jelly or pizzas sounds awesome. But I live in Texas where we use tortillas for everything.

[@asharak84]

A normal calzone would be easier than a reverse, basically a big toastie press and you're golden.

[@Mic_Glow]

Make a spacecraft able to accelerate for whole journey or with a spinning section / spin the whole craft on a tether pizza problem solved ^^ As for the asteroid mining question.... play Forklift Simulator 2019 and/ or Space Engineers + become an astronaut. Mining will be done remotely or 99% automatic with AI... on-site mechanic will be needed so astronaut+ engineering is a good option. And even if not- engineer is always needed and can do mechanic/ electrician stuff.. which will be increasingly in demand.

[@KoRntech]

For the Positioning Service, I'd think beacons would be most effective. Like a lighthouse but emitting a steady distinct signal it would only have so much output because you're not looking for precision just in the neighborhood so maybe a receive range of 1 or .5AU laid out in a pattern.

[@genericytprofile852]

Yet more reason why we need to invest in spin habitats and o'neal cylinders. The quest to make good pizza has no budget limit. The 2nd space race will begin. Newest challenger: _Italy_

[@paul_hankin]

The space pizza question reminded me of an excellent documentary where top chef Heston Blumenthal created meals for Tim Peake to eat on the ISS. The meals had to meet dietary, weight and no crumbs rules. A bacon sandwich turned out to be possible but only if it was canned. HB also gave a lot of thought to the experience of eating which was something I wouldn't have thought about. I don't know if it's still available anywhere (obviously a few years old now). Recommended if you can find it.

[@crawkn]

A space pizza oven would have a heated, perforated metal "floor" with vacuum under it holding the crust down, and an infrared element to brown the "top." Too much convection can actually make a pizza too dry, so that is not a problem. I have a convection toaster oven, but I turn off the blower for pizza. The heat from the stone, brick, or metal walls and floor of the pizza oven is mostly infrared. And use sliced cheese, not shredded.

[@Deltarious]

The US has recently introduced an MRE (Meal Ready to Eat) which is a shelf stable pizza, so *technically* it's possible, if you're okay with taking lots with you.

[@travcollier]

Space pizza oven would be a great engineering challenge project. Seriously, it sounds quite silly, but the problems are pretty applicable to a lot of processes.

[@matelotjim9035]

HDOP, VDOP and PDOP is what you're trying to describe for the errors. Although the biggest errors in GPS position is the atmospheric delay (a function of frequency) but that wouldn't be so much of an issue as space is a near vacuum. Also the same accuracy issues with the subtended angle is valid if you are doing DME-DME navigation when you are flying (you will learn about this as part of your PPL). And the cone of confusion... a DVOR 'features'.

[@avidslts]

I could listen to you say 'error' over and over again. lol fascinating

[@aquilux-vids]

20:44 FYI, I'm not sure about elsewhere but domino's cooks their pizzas with air impingement ovens which does a passable job of crisping the crust while delivering enough heat to cook. Wit more careful design of air circulation patterns I'm sure you could make something that both replicates this process without the need for the crust to rest on anything, but also helps control the toppings so they don't depart prematurely or at least stay confined to desired areas in the oven.

[@richardblinks]

and if you balance air flow on all sides you can hold the reverse calzone in a stable position whilst cooking it!

[@jannefock9337]

The ISS has tested using ovens to bake cookies. I hope that company keeps innovating and some day they will try cooking pizzas and other food on the ISS

[@WanJae42]

The Zero G Kitchen oven? Yeah, was hoping it would be mentioned!

[@Carstuff111]

Pizza and tacos are both nearly perfect foods. They work both fresh and as leftovers...and made from leftovers...... Oh, and they both work as every meal, snacks...just....so very useful.

[@qqq1701]

I still remember watching Apollo 13 in the theater when I was a kid. It was great.

[@scythos6540]

I just wanna say, great Outer Wilds picture on your wall.

[@MrBishop077]

Rotating Pizza Oven. The angular rotational forces would keep the pizza firmly affixed to the Oven bottom(cooking surface) whilst the rotation will provide the convective air currents. " Luigi's Interstellar Pizza, "Take our Ovens for a Spin!" "

[@aaronhammond7297]

16:51 "you could take your pick" - yeah, I suppose that would help with asteroid mining. Maybe a shovel too.

[@Arational]

I went into Geology to mine the moon but my dreams (that I had since watching the first landing) were dashed after my first year when the Space Shuttle Enterprise flew overhead and I realized that it was low earth only for humans for the foreseeable future and I was correct. I dropped out.

[@eekee6034]

I'm a little younger, born a little after the last crewed landing, but the predominance of rockets in sci-fi made it so the Space Shuttle was still uber-awesome to me as a kid. I still haven't forgiven it for being nothing more than an LEO hack. :/

[@Soordhin]

We might have access to total air speed in a plane, but we usually use indicated (or calibrated/equivalent) airspeed for indication, which is quite different from total airspeed, especially with speeds in excess of 180 to 200 kts. I am sure you know that, but it is a real thing in faster planes, like virtually every commercial or business airplane. Compressibility of the air is a real thing. Oh, and a result is that of course the difference between still air temperature and total air temperature, again a thing in faster planes.

[@brianorca]

Indicated airspeed is also the most useful for the pilot, as it directly relates to the performance of the wings: climb rate, stall speed, etc are the same indicated airspeed at any altitude, but the true airspeed of those characteristics can vary greatly.

[@Soordhin]

Indeed. Although i would add the caveat that even that gets, well, complicated if you get into high altitude flying. Which is unlikely in powered general aviation planes, but quite possible in unpowered ones. In normal gliders flying in the 300 Flight Levels is very much possible, and one very special one reached over FL760 (which is uncontrolled airspace). Speed, especially the margin to the maximum speed, becomes very much important as the maximum speed decreases with altitude and flutter becomes a very scary and real threat. But us commercial guys switch to Mach number instead of IAS for that reason, although IAS is still indicated as well.

[@ProfessorJayTee]

15:16 When flying, relative airspeed is usually supremely important... until you get close enough to the ground! When landing, you'd better be at least as aware of ground speed.

[@ekaa.3189]

Preface with it's been near 4 decades since I dissected GPS, and it's issues. A good way to visualize the types of errors at distance is interference patterns in waves between 2 point sources in a wave tank. You can vary the position, phase, and frequency of the sources to show how each effects position changes of the lines of interference zones. Add a strobe in phase with one of the sources, and you now can show GPS position error sources. GPS for the solar system. Put a half a dozen satellites into a cloud of orbits around the sun, plus a few more around Earth. Have them compute their orbits precisely in relationship to each other, and transmit that data with their timing pulses. This get steeper angle and thus smaller error zones. As time goes on clouds of satellites can be put around other planets.

[@eapbg]

Here's my thought. Use a heated air stream to hold the pizza gainst a hot surface. This way the pizza cooks twice as fast and gets a crunchy crust at the same time. Different from a convection oven where the air is just circulated and not blown directly at the middle.

[@benjaminhanke79]

At 09:30 pointing a big antenna towards a dead satellite. That's the story how envisat was revived once. It had some kind of mechanical relay switch in its amplifier. So when it went quiet they send the command to flick that switch with a very big antenna and envisat came back.

[@marcofrancioni1155]

A centrifugal Electric hoven can be the space pizza solution

[@jworldwide904]

Pizza in space: how about an oven in a centrifuge?

[@karlbrundage7472]

Taking a cue from the toilet design for the Space Shuttle, I envision a pizza-oven that uses a fan to induce a suction, forcing the crust of the pizza to stay in contact with the "floor" of the oven, while hot air is blown over the toppings to make for a fast bake. The whole thing could be as small as the average microwave oven.

[@carlatteniese2]

To answer your concern about who governs the ISS, I had this conversation specifically last night, with my student here in Japan; he is a lawyer, and part of his purview is Space law, and what he told me is that each module coming from respective countries is actually like that of an embassy - meaning that that area is under the territorial sovereignty of the country which produced it.

[@kyngmythos8791]

U could have a cylindrical pizza oven that spins in a circle and thus creates gravity. Furthermore u could heat the oven with electricity.

[@DUKE_of_RAMBLE]

Or, being most are already circular shaped, have a dedicated unshielded port window, letting in all the sun and radiation, to which you mount a pizza equipped tray in front of (which when detected, unlocks safeguards), then open its port covering for 3 minutes* for a perfectly cooked pizza! 🍕😎👌 _( * an arbitrary time period; not based on any scientific data)_

[@IDoNotLikeHandlesOnYT]

A lunar gravity assist can also be used to get to GEO. It's not really common, but it's been done. I think it was once done to rescue a commercial communication satellite that was launched to the wrong orbit (due to LV underperformance or something)-the insurers insisted on trying that instead of writing it off right away, and it worked.

[@TimPeterson]

"I have a solution, but it only works with a spherical pizza in a vacuum"

[@MattLitkeRacing]

Have small holes in the bottom of the oven attached to a vacuum pump. Suck the crust down to that. Then use the sauce like a paste to hold all the toppings on

[@charleskyler1928]

On a trip to a remote bit of Alaska, we did a Mexican food night. That led to what to drink. We found that a solution of Gator Aid made with 1/3 less water than called for acted as the sub for marg mix. The trail margarita was born. Other learnings included that original Nalgene bottles did not withstand exposure to Tequila well…