Understanding the Atom: Intro Quantum and Electron Configurations (English)

Contents:
Chapter 1: Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, Strong Nuclear Force, Ions, Cations, Anions, Mass Number, Atomic Mass, Atomic Number, Isotopes, Nucleus, and Relative Size of Atom, Many Examples and Calculations Worked for the Student.
Chapter 2: Quantum Theory, Orbits vs. Orbitals, Orbital Shapes, Electron Configuration Diagram.
Chapter 3: Writing Full Electron Configurations and Diagrams, Aufbau Rule, Hünd's Rule, Pauli Principle, and Connection between Periodic Table and Order of Filling for Electrons, Many Examples Worked for the Student.
Chapter 4: Writing Abbreviated Electron Configurations and Diagrams, Noble Core and Valence Electrons, Many Examples Worked for the Student.
Chapter 5: Determining the Four Quantum Numbers (Principle, Angular Momentum, Magnetic, and Spin Quantum Number), Many Examples Worked for the Student.
Narration: William R. Sponholtz, III, B.S., M.S., PH.D.
Full video available on KZbin Channel.

[@rupjyotibasumatary32]

That electron cloud illustration with the camera was too good 🙇🙇🙇

[@nicksonkosi]

Agreed. Cemented my understanding quite well. Wish my college quantum electronics lecturer understood this

[@WahidKhan-mr4gx]

Soon I will teach this to my little brother. Thanks a lot

[@nicksonkosi]

@Dr Deuteron Actually, I think I will add concrete

[@nicksonkosi]

@Dr Deuteron Noted Sir

[@nicksonkosi]

@Dr Deuteron İ perfectly understand your position. However you should note that most commenters here are not professional chemists or physicists but people who interacted with this material in high school or college. TBH my lecturers/teachers never presented the material in a way that would stimulate interest or understanding. I always wondered whether she understood the topic. The video has sought to simplify (maybe oversimplified) the material using analogies anyone would understand. That's why it has gotten such positive reviews from most commenters here. While I think that your efforts at providing detail are laudable, I believe that these efforts would be more useful if directed at encouraging teachers/lecturers in schools and colleges to better teach the subject matter. If they did, we probably wouldn't be having this discussion.

[@philochristos]

I wish this had been taught to me so clearly when I was in high school and college.

[@utetopia1620]

When I went to high school, the concept and understanding was different. We actually learned orbits, not orbitals, and electron position and notation wasn't as it is now.

[@openwaters2988]

Hmmmm, what if the reason we can’t pin down the location of the electron is because it passes through 5 dimensional space. What we observe is the state of the electron at each snapshot in time. In the double slit experiment the electron takes all possible paths through to the target. We only know which path it takes if we observe it. What if that is why we can’t also pin down the electron orbital properly Our 4 dimensional world is a shadow of the 5 D world outside of ours. Just as the 2D world is a shadow of the 3D world. Our 4 th dimension, time, may be a shadow of the fifth dimension. Time itself seems one dimensional. It only goes one way, from our perspective. Top theoretical physicists say that there is no real reason why time could not flow backward. Maybe it does, we just can’t see, or observe it because we are one dimensional, we only observe the world in the forward arrow of time. An electron seems to transcend the physical,world taking al, possible paths through the two slits if not observed. Maybe the electron cloud,if observed properly, can give us a hint of what the fifth dimension may look like. Kind of like trying to observe a three dimensional world from the surface of a two dimensional shape. Just some thoughts.

[@utetopia1620]

@@openwaters2988 Do a search for the "One electron universe", where theory suggests that every single electron is the same electron, that travels through space and time, to be in all places at once. It might go a little way to define further what you're saying.

[@openwaters2988]

Utetopia yes, I’ve heard of that, couldn’t find the name of the theory though, thank you. That’s sort of what I am referring to. I will check it out.

[@samsingh7277]

My school was for marks only.now I get the worst marks.

[@manish2mech]

Where were you!? I was looking for you all these years.

[@jacobvandijk6525]

Hahahahahaha!

[@phungoquoc7255]

me too

[@小张同学-v6i]

physicist: where are you? electron: im at the s orbital at once, until you measured me einstein: you are mocking me. bohr: you are both alive and dead at the same time einstein: does the moon not exist when your not looking at it? physicist: ok, let's adjourn..

[@mizzyroro]

I recall how I felt betrayed when after studying Thomson's plum pudding model, Rutherford's nuclear model and Bohr's orbital model in freshman high school and understanding that the electron is a particle of charge. Okay. Then we get to the senior year and we're told forget all of that an electron isn't a particle orbiting a nucleus but it is a cloud of charge surrounding the nucleus. Okay. Then I get to college and was told well its not a diffused cloud of charge but a probability of where the electron really is. 🤦‍♂️

[@Ghryst]

the hilarious bit is, all these ppl telling you "this is how it is", and absolutely all of it is conjecture that has little evidence, none of it observational evidence, and only a single maths proof to support it.

[@shyambhavi10]

U just summarised the whole thing!

[@vvallev]

And then schrödinger becomes to say “yea!!! may be is there or may be is not, to be sure don’t look at it”.

[@nihaal7750]

Okay this is all I want to know If all the previous things were wrong why did we learn them.

[@Herearetheundead]

​@@nihaal7750 Wrong is not really 100% correct either. It's just different shades of detail, some concepts are easier to understand if you use the simpler concepts of the atom. So that's why, the more you move into other subjects you will need more detailed (and more accurate) definitions of the atom for the other theory to make sense.

[@kaseercreativity]

This channel should have views in millions........thanks to them for creating such an understandable visualisation of concepts

[@herbburack9097]

unbelievable lecture. waited 50 years since my college chemistry to learn all of this. Wish we had these lecturers in my time!

[@hakinadedeji]

Nobody is too old to learn... trust me you will learn a lot more if you live hundred years later from now

[@blitzwaffe]

Neither my high school nor college education on this gave me the intuition of orbitals and hybridization, but this managed to do it in 5 min. The visual alone pretty much made this so clear (camera snapshot example and combining the orbitals)

[@bobfake3831]

classic "i never payed attention and now complain"

[@blitzwaffe]

@@bobfake3831 No. I slaved over lectures and office hours to try to understand hybridization. This video was the first time it simply clicked. I wouldn't blame my professors or TAs as everyone learns differently.

[@anarchist28]

I think I teared up watching this. A) Because it was so complicated yet so simple and honestly so beautiful and mindblowing. We discovered this stuff! This is the universe! I'm surrounded bt this! And B) My teacher's've been constantly and REPEATEDLY trying to explain this to me - you know all the XYZ axes & stuff but there has NEVER been a proper visual for years & I never really grasped this concept. I didn't even know electrons moved randomly. I can't tell you just how thankful I am. Thank you!

[@Captain_Nemo-y7q]

There were "proper visuals" years ago. I have a physics degree from 40 years ago and the non-existent visuals you refer are there in plain sight. The problem is that you didn't bother looking for them.

[@pigeonlove]

@@Captain_Nemo-y7q ouch

[@nahfid2003]

@@Captain_Nemo-y7q what you say is true, but still some responsibility goes yo the teacher as well. Instead of drawing at a board they can use a projector or smart board for animations. Or even print outs in class.

[@hakinadedeji]

That is exactly the way to describe science... Simple and complicated. We might decide to settle for the simple or we strive on to simplify the complexiities

[@催催-u9d]

YOU'VE SPENT 2.5MINUTES TO SOLVE ALL MY QUESTIONS ON ELECTRON SHELL,ORBITS AND SUBSHELLS.I HAVE SPENT ALMOST 4HOURS ON THIS UNTIL I'VE FOUND THIS VIDEO THANKYOU SO MUCH.This is my first time to leave a comment on KZbin thankyou so much the animation is so good

[@mariaflorendo5153]

Honestly one of the best videos to visualize this chapter thank you so much!

[@dipakshisarma2903]

THANK YOUUU !! THANK YOU SO MUCH. MY TEACHERS AT SCHOOL TAUGHT US HOW TO WRITE THE ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATIONS FOR ANY ELEMENT WITHOUT EVEN TELLING US WHAT ARE THE BASIC "MOST IMPORTANT FACTS" BEHIND IT. WHEN I WENT THROUGH THE TOPIC IN BOOKS AND ARTICLES I TRIED TO VISUALISE IT AND YOUR VIDEO JUST MADE MY DAY !! THANK YOU AGAIN ! KEEP UP THE GOOD JOB 👍

[@matrixate]

Absolutely superb explanation, and I'm a physics major. This was so well explained. I wish, I had this explained to me when I took chemistry and quantum mechanics. Students today have no excuse for not doing well in school... None. The teacher will have to explain how the orbital shapes are determined though. That requires quantum mechanics, but students don't have to understand it...they just need to know that is how the shapes are determined.

[@vegansam364]

that intro was so epic wow i am impressed!!

[@vegansam364]

i agree like this ocmment like comment1 !! !

[@vegansam364]

real!!

[@thetruthtv5018]

I. LOVE. YOU. the hard work put in this video will have eternal fruit, iloveyouiloveyouiloveyou

[@nahfid2003]

I love you too (to the creator)

[@thegoodthebadandtheugly579]

Zhaqi Hanifah Homosapiens?

[@tawkinhedz]

Ok...

[@suchitrapathak3009]

Please upload video on Schrödinger wave equation and wave mechanics model of an atom ..

[@jasmehak3594]

Thank u so much.. I had been struggling with this orbital concept for 2 months but couldn't understand the position of orbitals and sub-shells in an atom.. But your video made the concept really clear to me.. thanks once again..

[@pigeonlove]

I like your profile picture 👌😍😊🕊️

[@rasher939]

These videos are awesome and stupendous. Thanks for these vivid illustrations. I wonder if you could provide similar videos on why these orbitals s p d f have such peculiar shapes in 3D space. To the extent I know, these shapes are the results of three-dimensional extensions of the different modes of vibrations seen for a particle stuck in between a one-dimensional potential barrier using the time-independent schrodinger equation. But to view the creation of these 3D shapes in process from the one-dimensional and two-dimensional modes of descriptions would not be less than an amazement. I hope your efficient team would be interested in such illustrations. More or less, I find my point on the same lines of the above comment.

[@SponholtzProductions]

Thank you for your feedback! And We will look into that topic for a future video.+Rahul Gupta

[@342MrIncredible]

got a randomly recommended... but so glad to find a channel like this... thank you for your efforts

[@thegirlnextdork]

Seeing the electron zig-zagging around the hydrogen nucleus, and the overlapping "clouds," helped me SO much. Thank you.

[@vitauscas1972]

This is one of the best visual representation of chemistry, Thank you.

[@YH-wx3mi]

this video has to be played in every chemistry class

[@matarishwan10]

as JEE aspirent i literally needed this thankyou for "visulization" thank god suggesting this even after 6 years of uploading

[@radhikarana5897]

This video is damn important for chemistry no matter how good your teacher is but the animated video help us visualise and understand this clearly......

[@sanrafaa]

Wow... What a video !! Amazing explanation... All you need to know about Atom in under 15 mins. Thank you Sir !!!👌

[@ramisasubah7567]

what a video !!!!!!!!!! can not express my gratitude in words

[@creatorsj5359]

This video has enlightened me about: atom, electrons, orbital . Thanks a lot.

[@AnandYadav-dc9pf]

mere doubts clear ho gaye sir. Kisi teacher ne aise nahi bataya. THANK YOU SIR

[@treborheminway1196]

Simple and clear. I liked the Graphics of the orbitals being added together, but think it would be even better without the contast robbing background. Still very good though.

[@19midnightsun87]

Small correction there, Aufbau is not a verb, but a noun. It can mean setup, buildup, installation, but also composition. The verb is "aufbauen" - "to build up"

[@Shishir27]

The best video I've seen on this topic, thank you so much

[@Musfiqur_anik]

This helped me a lot. Ended my 5 year long confusion. Thanks to the creator of this video and the channel

[@rythamoberoi7523]

Very very big thanks to u. This video is really really best to clear the concepts.

[@mandarpawar7015]

After all these years, I have a very clear understanding of this confusing topic. Very detailed video. Thanks. 😀

[@gnomiefirst9201]

Until I saw this CGI of Orbitals I was still a bit lost. The integration of CGI with an explanation really worked for me. Great learning tool!

[@asmaashraf5734]

Thank You! it took me quite a while to search for how an atom would look like with al its orbitals...after being repeatedly told that atoms couldnt be visualised,has no viewable image ,needed more imagination etc and finding this video with such on point illustrations and clear explanation was really helpful.Kudos to the team 👍

[@JaiV_1d_143]

AFTER TWO YEARS I FINALLY LEARNED THIS, I'M GLAD I STAYED UP LATE AND DECIDED TO LOOK UP😭 THANK YOU SO MUCHH

[@swathisaravanan7440]

This explanation was so clear and easy to understand. I was searching lot of videos to understand this topic but atlast I found. Thanks for ur beautiful explanation. upload more videos regarding chemistry

[@diyamandal8328]

After finding thousands of video this the only video which made me understand this ! ✨

[@nayanpatel1233]

very very beautiful and good explanation. thank you so much .... please more video.....

[@soumikpyne7616]

Many many many many thanks , it is really good , it is the best video to understanding the position of orbitals

[@motmox]

God bless this guide, it made this topic far more easy to understand for me.

[@adityamishrxa]

Hats off to this video which explained such difficult concepts in such an easy way.

[@SamSarracino]

Thank you. This video makes the visualization of orbitals and electrons attainable for students.

[@RohitRaj-j1g]

under rated video. same words as below expresses my feeling towards this video.

[@jeanramirez8867]

It is the best explanation that I know, it's the best atoms video

[@TemplarX2]

Great video. If you have to remember just one thing about the subject for life it is this: The orbital is a three dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates or encompasses the probable locations of an electron 90% of the time (in other words the orbital is a 90% or 0.9 probability pattern of an electron locations around a nucleus).

[@maryj7423]

best explanation I found so far, 3d helps so much

[@BlackElon1]

THANK YOU SO MUCH!!!... this explains it SOOOO clearly ....

[@nahiankhan3096]

Thanks you Very much and lots of love for you!💙💙 I'm was searching this answer almost for 5 years.I've searched many times in youtube and asked my high school teachers but couldn’t find it.The explanation in our country's writers' book is also not clear.I've found the perfect explanation today. And I've a request that keep uploading more and more videos like these sophisticated concept.I've already subscribed. You deserve lots of subscriber!

[@Hiteshshlaki]

Oh my god...finally after so many years of studying these..I finally get a new vision to look at orbitals.

[@ahndonh]

best explanation of atomic structure and electron configuration

[@swapnilsolanke3616]

Thanks a lot...I was looking for explanation & video like this for years...really thanks a lot...finally understood the orbitals...

[@nerdgirl8029]

The explanation and graphics are immaculate 👏

[@lcopeland3835]

Thank you so much for this video. This video has helped me finally master this section of Chemistry

[@dhr6151]

Your explanation is great

[@XxPlayMakerxX131]

I like these types of videos

[@opgamingff7764]

Can watch this video for million times 😍😍..........Such a nice way of explanation. Just really loved your video & expect more such videos.....

[@biswajitdas2053]

I just wanna say THANK YOU...VERY MUCH

[@nabilajahan2804]

Thanks a lot. I was looking for Such kind of video . Finally I found it.☺️☺️☺️☺️

[@oleron56]

Very good. All that remains is to mention the Linus Pauling Diagram, which facilitates the distribution of electrons and is a direct consequence of this knowledge.

[@edwardblois8646]

This is the best explanation I've found on quantum orbitals.

[@minyikhamercyline2844]

The explanation has been simple and clear, thank you so

[@uttarakhandtour4144]

Thank you👍I am gonna share this with all my mates.

[@AshishKumar-lp4ep]

I used to hate chemistry because I was unable to visualise it but this video just made me chemistry lover ❤️❤️

[@suryacreation05]

Awesom sir...and thank for made easy in my chemistry....... From India 🇮🇳

[@parvezquraishi7500]

Super cool videos you cleared all my doubts

[@jose294052]

Teachers should use your video in class, it is woderfull !

[@VG__]

5:00🌟crystal clear...thanks a million🥺💯

[@MeazaSisay-x9f]

a very nice lecture not only explain atomic orbitals but quantum understanding of atoms and subatomic particle

[@mukamsingh3664]

Thank you so much sir .. All doubts cleared 😃😃

[@SakshiTanwar-kr6dy]

thankyou very much .i was very confused in this topic all my doubts are cleared from this video. thankyou so much

[@mychaelpierce8049]

Great job with this video! Thanks so much for sharing!

[@mike814031]

2:42 that's really interesting, it'd be nice to hear more in-depth specifics about the complex math to calculate those orbitals...wish you'd have went into that

[@curtpiazza1688]

This is a suberb video ! Love the illustrations! ❤😊

[@tswapna2697]

thank god i understood veryyyyyyy clearly the difference between orbit and orbital. excellent explanation

[@Anup_Says]

You made it look so simple. Love from india.

[@WXUZT]

Clear Lucid explanation.Thank You !

[@devilsgaming3666]

Best video I have cleared my all doubts thank-you 😊😊

[@Zafarkhan-lr7ko]

Truly amazing explanation sir.

[@manaalfatma8002]

This video was literally very helpful👍. Loved watching it.

[@JatinKumarJKM]

beautiful animation and very helpful for all science people

[@TheEarthandyou]

The orbit idea was a starting place, that was improved on. It also was an instant understanding that was better than no understanding, and needs to be respected.

[@rameshummati]

amazing.just cant imagine myself having all those misconceptions about orbitals.simply enlightening

[@muhammetyazmuhammedov9401]

This video is awesome , nice and clean explained hard topic

[@jakeblack8190]

Great video. This helped so much!

[@ishitashree2368]

Can't thank you enough for the video 🙏🏻🌸

[@kn9ioutom]

AWESOME NATURE !!!

[@onanongtnongboom5598]

Thank you very much for your excellent video. I will share for my students

[@rachita5644]

An excellent description of the making of electron cloud👍👌 Really loved it sooo much. my 4 months' doubt cleared in 5 mins! Thank you.

[@SerbanCMusca-ut8ny]

Nice illustration. However it it not explained here how you can derive the electron configuration WITHOUT the Mendellev (or periodic, if you prefer) table if you have the atomic number (e.g., 6 for Carbon). This is quite easy if you remember i) what is the maximum number of electrons per orbital type (s : 2; p: 6; d:10; f:14) and ii) a "number trick" that allows you to generate the number sequence that tells you the energy level (1, 2, 3, ...7). The number trick is the following. First, starting with 1 you must write each number the number of times it stand for (i.e., 1 should appear once, 2 should appear twice, 3 should appear 3 times, 4 should appear 4 times, etc.). Secondly, when you write the sequence, you must not stop on the same number as before but go one up : 1 (done, no more one after this), 2 (first time 2 appear, it should appear one more time), 2 3 (second time the 2 appears, cannot stop with 2 because already stopped at 2 at the previous step, so first 3 is introduced), 34 (second time the 3 appears, cannot stop with 3 because already stopped at 3 at the previous step, so first 4 is introduced; 3 will have to appear one more time), 345 (third and last time the 3 appears, cannot stop with 4 because already stopped at 4 at the previous step, so first 5 is introduced; 4 will have to appear two more times), 456, 4567, 567(8) (once you have to introduce 8, you stop). So, to recap : 1 2 23 34 345 456 4567 567(8). Once you are here, you add the orbital types, in their order: first s, then p, then d and finally f; this means only s for energy level 1, then for energy level 2 you have first s and then p, then for energy level 3 you have first s, then p, then d, and for energy levels 4 and above you have first s, then p, then d, and finally f. This yields: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p. Example for C (carbon), with Z = 6: 1s^2 (so far 2 electrons, 4 to go), 2s^2 (so far 4 electrons, 2 to go) 2p^2 (stop at 6 electrons), so there you have it: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^2. The Ga example, with gallium having Z = 31: 1s^2 (so far 2 electrons, 29 to go), 2s^2 (so far 4 electrons, 27 to go) 2p^6 (so far 10 electrons, 21 to go), 3s^2 (so far 12 electrons, 19 to go), 3p^6 (so far 18 electrons, 13 to go), 4s^2 (so far 20 electrons, 11 to go), 3d^10 (so far 30 electrons, 1 to go), 4p^1 (stop, we have placed the 31 electrons), so there you have it for Ga: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^1. If you have an ion, you must first determinate the number of electrons, starting from Z; for instance for Ca^2+, you have Z - 2 electrons, with Z for Ca being 20. This means there are 18 electrons for Ca^2+, so its electron configuration is: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6.

[@d.w.stratton4078]

The electron orbital filling overlay on the periodic table changed my life. Where the hell was this in your classroom, Mrs. Kuhar!?!?!? I got through IB Chem 1 & 2 and never saw this.

[@harshvardhansaxena859]

Wow I am studying for JEE Advanced....after watching this I definitely have a better grasp of the concept

[@3ricsonn217]

Your video was very gread and helpful for me. You have done a gread job.👍

[@NotAstroXD]

bro u r a legend cleared my doubt which had been with me since 1 year ( the reason y i hated chemistry )

[@ashishkumar11th75]

i have no words to thank you sir

[@Ashwanikumar-qw5lv]

Imagine how much he work hard to make this video

[@rand49er]

Excellent presentation. Something I never had either in high school or college. Now, what are the underlying physics that dictate or support why electrons follow this arrangement? What occurred in the Big Bang that resulted in this particular set up of rules, geometry, laws? And how did this all lead to human consciousness? Finally, what happens next?

[@kaleab27]

I really liked it bro it is amazing Thank you!!!!🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@baburaokandunuri1840]

best 3D understanding ever...now clear with the idea of atom..

[@taharaid5296]

Thank u so much man ... very clear explanation ... back to back with the great representation 😁😁