Stamps of Chile: S4E6

A stamp from Chile sends us exploring the philatelic history of this South American country. I learn about why Christopher Columbus is featured on their first stamps, Robinson Crusoe Island, Pedro Valdivia and Saltpeter. We take an interesting look at the great Chilean nitrate industry and its collapse that left ghost towns in the Atacama desert.
#Chile #history #saltpeter
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Links/Notes
Chile Collector: www.chilecollector.com/archwe...
Smithsonian National Postal Museum: postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibitio...
Colnect- Chile: colnect.com/en/stamps/years/c...
More about Columbus Heads: risorse.issp.po.it/dbcollezio...
Linns, Islas de Juan Fernandez: www.linns.com/news/world-stam...
The Real Robinson Cruseo: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexand...
Pedro de Valdivia (Person): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_d...
Bernardo O’Higgins: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard...
More about the Valparaiso Cover (Thanks DigiP!):
Sent to Carlos Javier Jullian Demoiti: www.geni.com/people/Carlos-Ju...
Demoit was director of the first fire brigade in Valparaiso: www.cbv1851.cl/octava
Antarctic Stamps: • Antarctic Territories ...
Chile Saltpeter/ Sodium Nitrate: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_...
Saltpeter War: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_...
Peru Chile Occupation (DC Stamps): www.dcstamps.com/peru-chilean-...
The Digital Philatelist: thedigitalphilatelist.com/war...
Chilean Civil War: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilean...
Economic History of Chile: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economi...)
The Nitrate Towns of Chile: www.atlasobscura.com/places/n...
This video shows a drive visit of Pedro de Valdivia: • Pedro de Valdivia, a g...
Another drive through video: • Abandoned town of Pedr...
Images of the town ‘Pedro de Valdivia: www.123rf.com/photo_85680894_...

[@jackhelm9852]

OK I have found the danger in this channel. You make everything so interesting I keep expanding my stamp interests and wanting to collect more and more subjects. Blast you! :P LOL Seriously, a great video. I have passed over these stamps for so long and never had a need to look at them twice as they were not one of the interests I had. But once again you show that there is just vast amounts of interesting history behind even the most mundane issue. Thank you for this channel.

[@ExploringStamps]

😂😅 LOL sorry Jack. I feel your pain. I badly want a focused collection, but each time I learn about a new place or avenue within philately, I start to veer off course and continue to expand my stamp interests. Thanks so much for watching and supporting the channel, glad you enjoyed the episode 😊

[@Galo1908mg]

Long life for exploring stamps, the most exiting KZbin channel for all of us subscribers

[@ExploringStamps]

😊 Thanks Gustavo 💪!!

[@mercurywoodrose]

i love the airplane stamps. some of the best anywhere. again, you are right, you can learn history from stamps.

[@ExploringStamps]

Absolutely, they almost make me want to start an airplane themed collection. They are beautiful! Thanks so much for watching 😊

[@RichardLaurence]

I think your new format has developed amazingly - I think the in-depth look at countries like this is really excellent!

[@ExploringStamps]

Thanks Richard, that means a lot! 😊

[@bevaroni27]

Another great episode. One of my favorites. I lived in Chile for 18 months in the early 1980s. I grew to love the county, culture, language, and especially the people. Much of the fruits and vegetables we eat off season in North America are imported from Chile. Se Paso!

[@ExploringStamps]

ON MY LIST of places to visit! I would love to visit Chile and experience the sites and culture. One day!! Thanks so much for watching, glad you enjoyed it 😊

[@lessieh1050]

Your video popped up on my list today. I enjoyed your history lesson very much, thank you. Funny enough, my son (daughter’s husband) was at a flea market a few months ago and found a big box lot of stamps, first day issues and a lot more. Knowing I love stamps, he bought the lot for me as a gift. ❤️ I had stopped working on my stamp collections (40 plus years of collecting) eight years ago as there was no room in our rv we were living in and traveling about the US in.. .. or so I thought eight years ago. Thanks to my son and his love for flea markets, I am back with my love of stamps and enjoying their stories, lessons and history again… in the rv, lol. Also thanks to him, I even have a stamp in my collection which was shot into outer space and returned to earth. I will now be watching your past videos to catch up! Please continue your videos!!

[@lindaravstar535]

Hi! A chilean collector here! Amazing episode, I must say that looking at these stamps from another perspective is mesmerizing. I'm young and my collection is very small so the oldest chilean stamps are still at large for me, but they are truly beautiful. If you want, look at the more modern ones, they are beautiful and rich in history and culture. Thank you for the video! - Paulina

[@ExploringStamps]

🙌 Awesome, Chile really has some beautiful stamps. I would have loved to also cover the newer stamps, and then I realized that I had gotten so deep into the rabbit hole of Chile's old philately that it was too difficult to climb out. 😅. Glad you enjoyed the video Paulina, thanks for watching!!

[@SebastianBrogca]

Hi, Chilean Collector here too, I found my dad’s collection last month, he had some insteresting 60’s to 80’s stamps and also some early stamps (1900) and this video was very informative. I’m looking to get more new stamps and conect with other collectors for interchange stamps. Paulina if you are interested in exchang info and stamps

[@buzzawuzza3743]

Fantastic history lesson. The artwork was very strong. Now I need to hunt down an Easter Island stamp whenever our local stamp meet reopens. Best to you!

[@ExploringStamps]

😊 Thanks Buzza Wuzza! Chile has some beautiful stamps, definitely keep an eye out for them when you go stamp hunting.

[@Scott-dv3iv]

Yeah. What they said. I never gave Chilean stamps much thought but seeing you group all those classic Columbus stamps and airmail stamps together will definitely make me go through my unsorted stamps. Not a fan of Columbus but those stamps are awesome! Thank you, Graham, for another great episode about something I had no interest in and ended up enthusiastic about! Best wishes, Scott

[@ExploringStamps]

😊 Thank you Scott! So glad to see that you enjoyed the video and have a similar appreciation for the stamps as I do. Thanks so much for watching.

[@yvescote2808]

mining resources that I did not know. Being a metallurgist, I really like to learn about the history of a country through the work of its inhabitants. Thank you very much for this episode, always as instructive as it is well done. A nice hello from a Montrealer.

[@ExploringStamps]

Indeed, that is a great way to learn about the history of a country. Thanks so much for watching, glad you enjoyed it! 😊

[@nylemonday8630]

Another wonderful program. Thanks again Graham!

[@rbullmb]

EXCELLENT VIDEO of Chilean stamps. I love you showed the Peruvian stamps of the Chilean occupation of Lima.

[@wayneaugustine8749]

one of my most enjoyable! .Great history along with great telling . Thank you!

[@ExploringStamps]

Glad you enjoyed it! Thanks so much for watching Wayne 😊

[@keesdewaard206]

Thank you again for this great interesting episode!! I read someone else say in the comments that they keep on expanding their interests in stamp collecting due to your informative episodes, I have to say that this person is not the only one:-) I keep looking forward to the next episode!

[@ExploringStamps]

😊 Thanks Kees! This hobby certainly makes it difficult to focus in one place, there are so many awesome themes and countries to collect. Thanks for watching!!

[@LouisGedo]

Another excellent episode!!

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you Louis 😊

[@psarj]

Yet another excellent episode covering a topic I knew absolutely nothing about. Thank you so much for the time and research you put into these videos!

[@ExploringStamps]

Much appreciated, Paul. Glad you enjoyed the episode. Thanks for watching 😊

[@williamgreenleaf9302]

Interesting episode! Thank you

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you, Glad you enjoyed it 😊

[@davefrancisrodrigues6003]

Lovely episode Graham. Keep on educating us!... :-)

[@ExploringStamps]

Thanks Dave! ☺️ I’m learning along with you!

[@siam1883]

The Exploring Stamp Episodes are little jewels worth waiting for. Thanks for your hard work at both the research and the superb production.

[@ExploringStamps]

You are very welcome Chai. Many thanks for your support. 😊

[@franciscojofrec.6273]

It’s amazing how you can get so much interesting information out of a simple philatelic subject. I learned a lot with this video and I am Chilean!

[@jostret]

Another great production. Thanks Graham!

[@ExploringStamps]

You are very welcome 🤗 thanks for watching!

[@mdujanahmad]

My heartbeat always goes high whenever I saw this (0:13) as a philatelist 😬😬😬 Anyway, loved the episode a lot, learned about something new and enjoyed 😄

[@ExploringStamps]

😅 I have to work on being more delicate! Thanks Ujan, glad you enjoyed it. 😊

[@LawrenceFisher]

Thank you very much GB. Great episode again. Forgotten that Easter Island was a part of Chile

[@ExploringStamps]

Thanks Lawrence 😊.

[@iainmalcolm9583]

Another great episode. Scotsman Alexander Selkirk was the guy that inspired Robinson Crusoe. (We Scots get everywhere). Also, The Chilean Saltpetre was seen as a replacement for Guano (bird poop) which was mainly mined by Peru. This was also a factor in the 'war of the Pacific'.

[@ExploringStamps]

😂 Thanks Iain! Yes he was a Scot, very VERY far away from home. I honestly didn't know about the story being inspired by a real event. Always learning something new. Thanks for watching 😊

[@laurenb9479]

Another very interesting video! Those stamps are beautiful!

[@rgathergood2467]

I really enjoyed watching this, thank you. As always, your videos are very interesting and informative, and really well made. Cheers.

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you 😊. Glad you enjoyed it!

[@bpsstamp]

Awesome as always!

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you Todd 😊

[@garyholdener2470]

Great episode as usual! School is always in session at Exploring Stamps! 😉

[@ExploringStamps]

Thanks Gary 😊

[@davidcolombier5673]

Great episode and very interesting as usual. David Barban-Colombier

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you David, glad you enjoyed it 😊

[@hirschy10]

Great talk about Chile stamps but what's on the stamps are history we can never change it thats life 🇦🇺😎

[@botanyboy5454]

Interesting as always! Awsomeness!

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you 😊

[@mpojol]

Another great episode, never knew that saltpeter was actually mined before. Thank you :)

[@ExploringStamps]

Neither did I! Thanks Mark glad you enjoyed it ☺️

[@miguelmartinespejoramirez3311]

Excellent video!!!! You’ve learned your lesson very well. As Peruvian I’m astonished you know the history of the Pacific War correctly. 👍👍👍

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you Miguel, it was super interesting to read up about it. Can't believe that I didnt know anything about the war prior to this.

[@ancienthebreworg]

Graham's research into the history of philately is top-notch and un-matched!

[@cuongmaiviet3004]

I have always found antique South American stamps to have such wonderful ornate designs, wonderful colors, i would boldly say that some of them are more beautiful than some European's stamps. Wonderful video as always!!

[@ExploringStamps]

I totally agree! The colors and designs can really be wonderful, I also think that some of the best looking covers that Ive seen have been South American. Thanks so much for watching, glad you enjoyed the video 😊

[@martinbollo702]

Thanks so much for this episode. I learned a lot. You are so right - it is amazing what we can learn from philately.

[@ExploringStamps]

Glad you enjoyed it! 😊. I'm always learning tons through philately, thanks for watching.

[@goanbingo]

I have a few Chilean stamps myself, and thanks for giving a semblance of pride for my possession of the same through your enightening Chilean philately video. Regards from Goa in India.

[@Filatelista-re6mg]

Phenomentastic as always!Thank you!

[@ExploringStamps]

😊 Thanks so much! Glad you enjoyed it.

[@jesserobitaille]

Another solid episode! Great to meet you in Toronto, and thank you for coming to CAPEX!

[@stampcollector0452]

Amazing Video ! Thank you for making this video !

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you 😊 you are very welcome!

[@valuablestampsandcoin]

Superb video sharing 👍

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you 😊

[@ricardodias3609]

Hello Graham!!! Another excellent video!!! Thank you very much!! Greetings from Portugal!!

[@danstars1]

I have to agree the airplane stamps from Chile are very attractive.

[@ExploringStamps]

They are gorgeous 🛩

[@isabelleisles7649]

Digging through my Chilean stamps right now, I only have half a stock book page BUT a few Columbus heads!!

[@ExploringStamps]

🙌 Awesome! And hopefully one or two of those gorgeous airplane stamps ✈️

[@isabelleisles7649]

@@ExploringStamps YES!! its a bit heavily cancelled, but I have 1 :D

[@ExploringStamps]

@@isabelleisles7649 perfect 🙌

[@bobbiwest6625]

I love the columbus stamps, colon, and telegraph stamps. I do have one or two of them. Thanks for information. Take care.

[@donaldbabu8648]

Excellent Episode Graham !! Just thought of mentioning another way of acquiring top quality fertilizer around the same time. It was the mining of ' Guano' as bird fertilizer from the Peruvian island observed by William Vogt and thereby destruction of the surrounding ecological framework. This is certainly a topic for another episode.

[@pennyfodca7752]

Always a solid episode. Thanks Graham!

[@ExploringStamps]

☺️ Thanks Penny!

[@DissectingPhilately]

So cool, my town in Colorado also has a rich mining history. Lots of ghost towns in Colorado. I love that folded letter! We must praise Graham for acknowledging what Columbus represents to oppressed people. Why Peter? Is this a nod to Saint Peter? Petrous = rock? #lifelonglearning

[@bigfoot2023]

Like the gloves. Proper archival etiquette there.

[@ExploringStamps]

Absolutely 😊👍

[@NisargSutaria]

Awesome :-)

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you 😊

[@stevewilliams2892]

Great presentation- well done

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you Steve 😊

[@aricato4399]

Amazing video ! Keep up the good work

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you 😊, will do!

[@johnsimper6578]

Fabulous video Graham,. I'm going to have to sort my Chilean stamps out now 😀

[@ExploringStamps]

Thanks John, glad you enjoyed it 😊

[@phils473]

Another Exploring Stamps video, another new set of facts! 👍 I never got into Chile much, but I always have enjoyed the airmail stamps from Latin America. For a while (1950s-80s I think) some countries in Central America issued many more airmail stamps than regular ones! 😳 On the Valdivia stamps (8:13), did you notice his eyes look different? 🤔 Maybe it was redrawn?

[@ExploringStamps]

Thanks Phil, glad you enjoyed the video. Yes! Valdivia appears to have had a coffee and woken up a bit in the commemorative, I found it funny when I first saw the stamp 😂 ☕️

[@jimhresco1728]

Great video! Really nice covers and some interesting overprints. I just purchased a German occupation overprint and trying to determine whether it's real or not. Another part of the hobby that's quite interesting.

[@ExploringStamps]

Thanks Jim, I’ve realized that German occupation overprints can be quite complicated but fascinating to explore. Enjoy! 😊

[@2realesazul]

Thanks for another great story! Saltpeter may have been white gold but water is the most valuable and scarce resource in that part of the world and I think contributed to many towns being abandoned. A spot in the Atacama desert I find fascinating is the city of Cobija which went from being the main port of Bolivia (and point of entry for all mail coming in by ship) to abandoned ghost town in just a few decades.

[@ExploringStamps]

I can imagine! The effort to keeping a town alive in the Atacama must be enormous considering water and facilities needed. I need to look up the city of Cobija, thanks for sharing 😊

[@conniejohnson9393]

Thank you so much for another great episode. Thank you also for my special "stamp" that you have sent me. It finally arrived. Love all the extras including the stamps you used to mail it to me. - Connie

[@ExploringStamps]

Yay glad to see it arrived, Connie 😊. Thanks so much for watching

[@markolukic14]

Nice video

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you 😊

[@voneschenbachmusic]

Very cool! I am a world collector and enjoy Chile stamps - learned a lot as always!

[@ExploringStamps]

🙌 Chilean stamps are wonderful😊. Glad you enjoyed it and thanks for watching.

[@darenfairhurst7895]

I'm loving these series of Exploring Stamps and it has singularly spurred me on to restart my stamp collecting hobby. I love the concept of basing an episode around a stamp and I do something similar myself though based on GB issued miniature sheets as well as collecting the stamps of Monaco. The stories and history surrounding stamps is a rabbit hole I never mind going down. One thing that I would wonder is whether you could publish somewhere a list of the stamps that you use to make the episodes or make it into the mini collections that you put together. That would almost be the icing on the cake, though there is clearly tonnes of research that goes into each episode. Keep up the good work and Happy Collecting!

[@umasankarbanerjee3593]

Nice video 😍

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you 😊

[@RajeshHattangady]

Thanks for adding the extra spice and "Chile" by bringing forth a piece of history. I will have to scamper through my collection to locate some Chile stamps. Keep up the good work

[@ExploringStamps]

You are very welcome Rajesh! Thank you for watching, I hope you find some excellent Chilean stamps in your collection 😊🇨🇱

[@margersmuzis4929]

Thanks for story telling . Iam enjoyed episode!

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you 😊 glad you enjoyed it!

[@fareast_de]

Very informative video, thanks for sharing ! I like especially the classic "Colon" aka Columbus issues. Greets from GER, U

[@ExploringStamps]

They are pretty cool stamps, I enjoyed learning about the Columbus heads. Thanks so much for watching 😊

[@perrochoripan7564]

Thanks for making all of these really high produced videos. They explain a lot of things and history while being fun to watch. Maybe you could make more videos about chilean stamps? even something "simple" as going to Rapa Nui and show the stamps next to the Moáis would be pretty nice, or i don't know, you'll figure out something interesting. 😄😄

[@mkozlinski]

It reminds me my childhood when we used to make smoke flaires with saltpeter and sugar.

[@StampswithSara1]

Learned a lot.

[@ExploringStamps]

☺️ yay! Thanks Sara!!

[@dobereign]

Fantastic episode, as always! Looking forward to S4E7 !!! What about talking about engraving stamps and the centenary of Czeslaw Slania??

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you Joao, glad you enjoyed it 😊 I JUST spoke about engraving stamps and Slania in the last 2 videos. Check out the ‘Printing our own stamp design’ video, and I speak about meeting Slania’s daughter in ‘Illuminating mail day’ 19 minutes into the video. Enjoy!

[@dobereign]

@@ExploringStamps I am running to see it right now! You are the one, Graham !!

[@STScott-qo4pw]

will have to check out the Antarctic video, thank you. This video - as usual - very informative: the war of the Pacific... The Atacama desert and its resources had to be the single largest reason for the Bolivian-Chilean squabble that erupted into a full-blown war that even pulled in Peru. Seeing the ovrprnts was informative as well. I wonder which nation celebrates the battleship "Huascar" on its stamps today? even now, Bolivia hopes to someday have Iquique returned so it can have a seaport again. I don't doubt the absence of such has definitely hobbled Bolivia since 1885. the graphics on your channel when illustrating something are excellent. Very well done and darn helpful. Glad I subscribed!

[@ExploringStamps]

Oh wow I bet Bolivia would want it returned, to become landlocked and lose access to the Pacific must have been a major blow for the country. I had no idea that it once had that access, something new that I learned from stamps. Glad you enjoyed the video, thanks so much for watching 😊.

[@olivermiller2013]

Hi Graham, the stamps are nice, especially the plane stamps you showed. And you can find them easy. I´m wondering why, because even today Chile has not many people living there. Did everyone write 10 letters at these days? Even the old Columbus stamps are not that seldom. But letters as you showed one I didn´t see very often. I like such letters very much. And you are right, regarding the history you can find a lot with stamps. To be honest I really don´t know much about the history, but this is for all of South America. The stamps are looking very nice, they are easy to get, but you can not own everything. I think it is worth looking over Chile and other South American countries, especially the old stamps up to the 1960s are very nice. May be I will have a look on them in the future. Interesting episode. Regards Oliver

[@ExploringStamps]

Thanks Oliver. That is a good question. I agree with you that the stamps pre 1960 are really excellent looking stamps and desirable items for collectors. Thanks for watching 😊

[@basilsylvesterpinto10]

beautiful episode. I have a weak collection of Chilean stamps, but nice nonetheless. I would like you to do an episode on Ecuadorean philately.

[@muntahataha3112]

❤

[@avilacanario]

I very much enjoyed your fact-checking. Always entertaining. 😬

[@ExploringStamps]

Glad you enjoyed it! Thanks for watching 😊

[@jaut-76]

I didn’t know a lot about stamps from chile but I guess my quick thinking about buying 5 album pages of the first 60 years definitely payed of with a nearly complete collection

[@ExploringStamps]

😅 AND you have a head start into a themed collection of Columbus or famous Explorers. 🙌 Thanks for watching!

[@abrahamtesfagiorgis5919]

I have old Chile. Stamps

[@jimpulcine9925]

I just started collecting stamps. Tour videos are awesome. Do you sell stamps from your collection? I would be interested in starting a book of foreign stamps. PM me if this is possible. Thank you

[@ExploringStamps]

Welcome to the hobby Jim! 😊 Glad you are enjoying the videos. I haven’t started selling my stamps, but something I am hoping to do in the future. I usually get my stamps from eBay and Hipstamp. Stay tuned!

[@davidcolombier5673]

Waiting to see a new video!

[@ExploringStamps]

Thanks David! New video just posted about CAPEX Toronto, check it out 😊

[@davidcolombier5673]

@@ExploringStamps Thanks Graham. I am going to check it out now.

[@livelifefullest7884]

Great video as usual. Which software you use?

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you! I use Final Cut Pro for editing.

[@livelifefullest7884]

@@ExploringStamps Thanks for clarification. Wish you could make a quick tutorial on how to make stamp videos with all those effects 😁

[@mikeywestside8509]

I think the official name of that red-brown color is umber.

[@ExploringStamps]

It looks like, Just looked up the color and I think it’s a match 👍

[@mikeywestside8509]

@@ExploringStamps sweet!

[@dawoodsultan3019]

Can u make an episode on any middle East country

[@ExploringStamps]

Would love to! I haven't done a Middle East country in a while.

[@tinytubeco]

I watch all the episode 😍 very interesting. I am also a Philatelist from Bangladesh.. I literally want to see your studio setup. If you can please share it on your Instagram ( story or post where you feel free to share).. Thanks..

[@ExploringStamps]

Thank you 😊. I plan on making a video about the setup soon. stay tuned.

[@miragenikita6329]

Sorry to say the image on the blue stamp is a farmer that sows his seeds not a worker. Saltpeter was at that time the key ingredient to fertilizer. It is still called Chile saltpeter.

[@miragenikita6329]

ok sorry I should have watched the whole video before posting it...

[@ExploringStamps]

That’s okay, thanks for watching! 😊

[@rhsdinful]

Please do a video on Japan

[@ExploringStamps]

☺️ I’d love to!

[@tableauazhar-4137]

Bonjour monsieur Sava bien ok merci moi aussi je suis morooc colicsionnir elle chez-moi plus de 15 mille de tanbre kiscou je Feur en vente merci beaucoup

[@ntokozommusi6584]

Pinkie masango

[@sams1977]

Aproveito o espaço para manisfestar minha insatisfação em relação a colecionar selos no Brasil. Ano passado tivemos o bloco do Instituto Mackenzie usurpado das lojas e das agências, para depois serem vendidos a preço de outro, hoje encontra-se um até por 300 reais. A mesma coisa está acontecendo este ano com a emissão da mini-folha em homenagem a Semana de Arte Moderna. Não tem para vender nem nas agências e nem na loja online. Quem estiver revoltado com essa palhaçada comenta embaixo. Vamos salvar a filatelia brasileira, boicotem esses vendedores, não comprem, pelo amor de Deus. Estou pensando seriamente a deixar minha coleção Brasil pra lá.

[@anubhabsaha2182]

I want some extra stamps of your. I am a beginner collector with about 400 stamps

[@yackaquacker7992]

My Perspective: I am a numismatist and trying to understand philatelics. Why do you not grade your stamps. I mean, for us numismatist, grading is very important becasue it prevents fraud and prevents you from buying counterfits. I just do not get why philatists do not grade their stamps.

[@yackaquacker7992]

There is a lot of other questions I want to ask too!

[@yackaquacker7992]

Perhaps I tan teach you some numismatics.

[@ExploringStamps]

Philatelists do grade their stamps, my enjoyment of the hobby is about the story telling and learning from stamps, I don’t have a concern for the financial elements of the hobby as my stamps are quite inexpensive, so I don’t bother with grading.

[@yackaquacker7992]

@@ExploringStamps How can the original gum be maintianed in a graded holder for stamps, and how do you maintain the origanal gum? Also what do you think about numismatics?