Standalone Full Bridge DC Motor Driver

Standalone Full Bridge (H Bridge) DC Motor Driver using Tiny13 and IR2104
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Altium Designer + License (Free): www.altium.com...
OctoPart: octopart.com
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Article: www.pcbway.com...
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Other Videos: bit.ly/2N9OlPa
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The Full-Bridge (H-Bridge) is the most popular driver circuit to control brushed DC motors. The main advantage of a full bridge driver is the ability to change the rotation direction of the motor, without manually reversing the supply wires. I’ve already published the Half-bridge and H-bridge driver circuits before; however, I was receiving many requests and comments for a standalone H-Bridge driver to control the DC motors, without using any external board or a controller.
Therefore, I introduced a cheap, compact, and standalone H-Bridge DC motor driver that can be embedded in a variety of mechatronic devices. A cheap ATTiny13 microcontroller controls everything and I used the Arduino IDE to write the microcontroller code. All components, except for the connectors, are SMD.
The motor can be controlled in three modes: Forward, Stop, and Reverse. The user can adjust the rotation speed of the motor separately in the forward or reverse direction, using two panel-mounting potentiometers. The low ON-Resistance of the Mosfets allows you to use this circuit in high currents.
To design the schematic and PCB, I used Altium Designer 22. The fast component search engine (octopart) allowed me to quickly collect the components’ data and generate the BOM as well. To get high-quality fabricated boards, I sent the Gerber files to PCBWay. To test the driver board, I disassembled an electric toy car and used its powerful 775 DC motor (plus the gearbox).
It’s a cool experience, just build one and have fun!
Specifications
Input Voltage (Motor): 8-40VDC
Supply Voltage (Controller): 12VDC
PWM Frequency: 25KHz
Motor Control: Forward-Stop-Reverse
Motor Speed: [0 to 100%] Forward, [0 to 100%] Reverse

[@MyVanitar]

Standalone Full Bridge DC Motor Driver

[@aaxa101]

Did you select the MOSFET without looking at the SOA curve ?

[@planker]

Excellent. I will build your circuit. It's going on perf board, I build one and move on. This will be my first go with the ATtiny13 and the use of MOSFETS in an H-bridge. Exciting new fronts.

[@MyVanitar]

Pref board might not work as expected and waste your time, just order the PCBs. Have fun!

[@youneshamache3314]

Thank you MyVanitar ! Nice project as always ! Why don't you try to make sine wave inverter, it would be an amazing topic as there is alot to tell about it !

[@MyVanitar]

Thanks. I can do many things, like your suggested idea, but who sponsors them? many people even don't watch the video completely. All of these supports are for free: like, share, subscribe, and watch the whole content, they even ask where is the design! in this condition, I only can publish the designs that are possible

[@youneshamache3314]

@@MyVanitar Yep that's true i didn't think about that ! Personally i've watched all your videos and read all your articles not only to support you but also because i do really enjoy'em ! I wish i could do more to support you because your content deservs it ! But anyway thanks for your efforts and i wish you all the best !

[@seanmcdonald656]

Fantastic video!! Great in-depth inflammation, thank you very much. Would you ever consider making a circuit that controls higher voltages like a treadmill motor?

[@MyVanitar]

I have a plan to publish a similar project, using a touch controlled display. What's the voltage rating of that motor?

[@seanmcdonald656]

@@MyVanitar they are 90VDC

[@hafeezullahqazi6730]

hello. i have tried to use 24 volt as VCC for my 24 volt motor, but every time i run circuit i only get 8.5 volt maximum across the motor leads? does it have something to do with the VGS? i tried everything but unable to get 24 volts as it supposed to? help is appreciated please

[@MyVanitar]

Did you use my PCB or your own?

[@MyVanitar]

Did you follow the Figure 7 wiring diagram,?

[@ovi2wise]

Hi there Hesam, great video. can you please tell me how you decided on the bootstrap circuit? I am making a similar board but much less current. those FETs are so expensive nowadays

[@MyVanitar]

if your current is lower, just use my circuit, but use other cheap N Channels Mosfets with identical footprint instead. usually the RDS(on) and VDS voltage define the price.

[@fragapple]

Hello. Maybe you can help me with a quick question. What is the 27 Ohm resistor between 12V and 5V for? Does it only act as an inrush current limiter for the capacitor? Is it necessary? Best

[@MyVanitar]

No, that's for a different purpose. I can reply to you here, but this question shows that you have not read the article completely. So go for it :-)

[@sriramprabhu2914]

Hi Vanitar, I am planning to use this to create 24V AC @80 AMPS to create tig aluminum welder. Planning to use arduino to switch forward/reverse. Will there be any problem?

[@MyVanitar]

to build a welder, why do you need forward/reverse?

[@sriramprabhu2914]

@@MyVanitar to weld we need alternating polarity...and I think H bridge will be perfect to create a square wave at 60hz

[@MyVanitar]

alternating polarity or alternating square pulses?

[@sriramprabhu2914]

To weld aluminum, we need to alternate polarity which means AC. It can be sine wave or square wave...

[@MyVanitar]

it is possible (should be tested) but for this device, the polarity change is done manually by that red switch

[@ljuberzy]

would it be difficult to add a current sense circuit to it? what's the most appropriate way of adding it?

[@MyVanitar]

It's PWM, not DC, so it detects current peak, so I suggest using an encoder instead

[@ljuberzy]

​@@MyVanitar My goal is to get a current limiter. I plan to remove potentiometers, add a shunt between mosfets and the ground, let the MCU to change direction (i.e. two outputs, instead of 1 pwm), + UART RX (LIN?) to receive commands.

[@MyVanitar]

So you have to design your own board

[@ljuberzy]

@@MyVanitaryes, i know. i was lucky to find your project, since you gave the layout. I am planning to add a shunt between the ground and the source pins of Q3 and Q4, but I am not sure about the right layout... Besides, am I right that I don't need bulky IR2104 if I don't use big mosfets in PWM mode - cheap small mosfets would be just enough?

[@MyVanitar]

No, you need a driver. When you drive a Mosfet with a few KHz square pulses, the capacitance of the Gate pin increases and you should push the pulse with a high current to drive the Gate, otherwise, the Mosfet will not be turned ON completely. it burns easily at low currents.

[@behzadabf]

سلام داداش..من اینو دقیقا با قطعات و شماتیک که گذاشتین کار کردم.. ولی جالب اینه که اصلا موتور حرکت نمیکنه.. چند تا هم برد دیگه زدم بازم کار نکرد.. نمیدونم چطور شد..میتونی لطفا کمک کنی. تشکر.

[@MyVanitar]

As you see, I have provided both the schematic and PCB. Also the Gerber. use my Gerber to order the PCB. I do not know what you have done in your design., many people even ordered this board fully assembled

[@MyVanitar]

You should also program the MCU using the HEX file, are you sure about that?!

[@santoshbabu517]

very useful project can we use single potentiometer for both reverse and forward

[@MyVanitar]

it is better to be separate because a user might need different speeds when he changes the rotation, but if I use a single potentiometer, he always has to adjust it

[@santoshbabu517]

@@MyVanitar thanks for reply want to ask can i use through hole mosfet in same circuit..? I have made this 2 times but no luck. I'm using combined circuit From this vedio and your previous vedio that have through hole mosfet.

[@MyVanitar]

don't waste your time, just order the PCB and build it.

[@ToddWestley]

Is the Arduino required for the PCB's operation.

[@MyVanitar]

No, please watch the video completely. Only the compiler is "Arduino"

[@David_11111]

yay where is the article or pdf ? thanks

[@MyVanitar]

have you watched the video completely? :-( Please check the Video description

[@elektrik-elektronikmuhendi6985]

hello, how are the losses on the mosfet? Did you measure the Vds voltages and currents of the mosfet with an oscilloscope? Have you done soft switching? Thank you

[@MyVanitar]

Hi. I suggest you build one yourself. 10pcs PCBs is just 5$. I'm sure it will pass your expectations. regarding thermal issues, it depends, so if you plan to use it in high currents, attach a heatsink using silicon glue (not paste).

[@elektrik-elektronikmuhendi6985]

@@MyVanitar My friend, I asked a different question. I don't think you understand me. I'm curious about the ZVS and ZCS statuses of the mosfets.

[@hp2073]

@@elektrik-elektronikmuhendi6985 if you think you are professional and know many things, you know already or invest some time and go and build this and try yourself to get your answers. I follow many channels and he is one of the few who cares about viewers

[@elektrik-elektronikmuhendi6985]

@@hp2073 My purpose is not to cause trouble. It is not for you to answer. I have great respect for the person who made this circuit. If you don't mind me asking what I'm curious about, MyVanitar can say it. Not you!

[@MyVanitar]

I used those advanced MOSFET drivers to not worry about your above-mentioned issues and measurements, so to answer your question, No, I have not measured them independently. Those drivers saved Mosfets in harsh environments and surges. By the way, your question was an idea for a separate video which I will cover sometime in the near future. The datasheet of the IR2104 has some info as well, don't forget to check

[@beratarslan7192]

Hi ı am curious when we give PWM 1 to IC2, if Q4 and Q5 MOSFETs will short circuit or not.

[@MyVanitar]

no short circuit will happen.

[@beratarslan7192]

@@MyVanitar Thank you

[@metsereyvicheka1149]

Is this board can drive 100% duty cycle?

[@MyVanitar]

I think yes because I have driven a motor with a 100% duty cycle PWM, however, I did not check the waveform on the Mosfet gate

[@MichaelZarling]

It cannot drive with 100% duty cycle. The charge on the gate driver bootstrap capacitors must be refreshed which only occurs when the MOSFETS are switching.

[@hobielektro]

Mantap dan 😎😎😎😎😎😎😎

[@qucaizul6397]

Hi. In your project you are using IR2104 MOSFET driver. May I ask you something why my output waveform to the gate of the MOSFET are not really smooth. Did you have any ideas or suggestions to fix this problem? I'm using 12.8V DC supply, 50KHz PWM frequency and 0.7 duty cycle

[@MyVanitar]

Hi. Compare your design with my schematic and see if there is a difference and tell me the results.

[@mehmetkays6664]

hello, it is possible to drive a 3-phase ac servo motor directly with materials such as a mosfet capacitor without a driver to use driver tell me what I need

[@MyVanitar]

Hi, what you need is a totally different circuit, an AC Servo motor driver

[@graphic-omania4761]

Excellent explanation in your article. Just asking that is it mandatory to use PWM frequency from Arduino to be between 20KHz to 25KHz ???

[@MyVanitar]

No, but higher PWM frequency means softer operation for the load

[@graphic-omania4761]

@@MyVanitar thanks for the reply. Just posting about an update. I've implemented your previous h bridge design...it worked out like a charm. Just need to clarify with the frequency thing actually. Also another thing, Would love to see an EGS board based sin wave inverter. Just a suggestion from my end☺️

[@MyVanitar]

I had that in mind already, let's see

[@hp2073]

I like your design man! a channel like yours counts on Fingers on KZbin

[@MyVanitar]

Thanks

[@Techn0man1ac]

Use TVS instead diodes

[@MyVanitar]

They are Schottky diodes. TVS is also good

[@aaxa101]

TVS?? TVS is not for this kind of aplication. Schottky it is.

[@ChristieNel]

That's a really neat little board with a tight layout. I've designed several motor control boards, but usually using all-in-one motor drivers, since I'm doing four channels per board, which would be 16 FETs! My control chip does PID using feedback from a quadrature encoder and has an SPI interface. Let me know if you're looking to add PID to your board.

[@MyVanitar]

Thank you. The benefit of using discrete designs like this is the flexibility in the input voltage and current, which depend on the Mosfets. Also I agree that the best control loop for motors is an encoder. Does your PID oscillate?

[@ChristieNel]

@@MyVanitar Yes, you're right. I'm currently working on a new controller that uses MOSFETs, but is intended to control brushless motors. Not sure what you mean by oscillate? If you mean stability, that depends on how well you've tuned it. I use mine on my robotic guitar and it stops on a dime and holds position perfectly.

[@MyVanitar]

how did you determine the tuning values?

[@ChristieNel]

@@MyVanitar There are different ways to tune the PID constants. Most people prefer to do this manually using a step response, i.e. changing the target speed or position and looking at a graph of how the speed or position changes. You need to know how each of the constants affect the graph, so you know which one to change. It also depends on whether you're more interested in a fast response, or less overshoot. It can be a bit of an acquired skill, but it's fairly easy to get it to control in a stable fashion. My control chip has default constants that work perfectly with those small metal gear N20 motors with rotary encoder wheel on the back. PID is good fun.

[@mostafanfs]

Cool design and everything

[@MyVanitar]

Glad you enjoyed it