French Revolution Explained in Hindi | World History for UPSC | StudyIQ IAS

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फ्रांस की क्रांति (French Revolution): भूमिका 18वीं शताब्दी के 70-80 के दशकों में विभिन्न कारणों से राजा और तत्कालीन राजव्यवस्था के प्रति फ्रांस के नागरिकों में विद्रोह की भावना पनप रही थी. यह विरोध धीरे-धीरे तीव्र होता चला गया. अंततोगत्वा 1789 में राजा लुई 16वाँ (Louis XVI) को एक सभा बुलानी पड़ी. इस सभा का नाम General State था. यह सभा कई वर्षों से बुलाई नहीं गयी थी. इसमें सामंतों के अतिरिक्त सामान्य वर्ग के भी प्रतिनिधि होते थे. इस सभा में जनता की माँगों पर जोरदार बहस हुई. स्पष्ट हो गया कि लोगों में व्यवस्था की बदलने की बैचैनी थी. इसी बैचैनी का यह परिणाम हुआ कि इस सभा के आयोजन के कुछ ही दिनों के बाद सामान्य नागरिकों का एक जुलूस बास्तिल नामक जेल पहुँच गया और उसके दरवाजे तोड़ डाले गए. सभी कैदी बाहर निकल गए. सच पूंछे तो नागरिक इस जेल को जनता के दमन का प्रतीक मानते थे. कुछ दिनों के बाद महिलाओं का एक दल राजा के वर्साय स्थित दरबार को घेरने निकल गया जिसके फलस्वरूप राजा को पेरिस चले जाना पड़ा. इसी बीच General State ने कई क्रांतिकारी कदम भी उठाना शुरू किए. यथा - मानव के अधिकारों की घोषणा, मेट्रिक प्रणाली का आरम्भ, चर्च के प्रभाव का समापन, सामंतवाद की समाप्ति की घोषणा, दास प्रथा के अंत की घोषणा आदि. General State के सदस्यों में मतभेद भी हुए. कुछ लोग क्रांति के गति को धीमी रखना चाहते थे. कुछ अन्य प्रखर क्रान्ति के पोषक थे. इन लोगों में आपसी झगड़े भी होने लगे पर इनका नेतृत्व कट्टर क्रांतिकारियों के हाथ में रहा. बाद में इनके एक नेता Maximilian Robespierre हुआ जिसने हज़ारों को मौत के घाट उतार दिया. उसके एक वर्ष के नेतृत्व को आज भी आतंक का राज (Reign of terror) कहते हैं. इसकी परिणति स्वयं Louis 16th और उसकी रानी की हत्या से हुई. राजपरिवार के हत्या के पश्चात् यूरोप के अन्य राजाओं में क्रोध उत्पन्न हुआ और वे लोग संयुक्त सेना बना-बना कर क्रांतिकारियों के विरुद्ध लड़ने लगे. क्रांतिकारियों ने भी एक सेना बना ली जिसमें सामान्य वर्ग के लोग भी सम्मिलित हुए. क्रान्ति के नए-नए उत्साह के कारण क्रांतिकारियों की सेना बार-बार सफल हुई और उसका उत्साह बढ़ता चला गया. यह सेना फ्रांस के बाहर भी भूमि जीतने लगी. इसी बीच इस सेना का एक सेनापति जिसका नाम नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट था, अपनी विजयों के कारण बहुत लोकप्रिय हुआ. इधर फ्रांस के अन्दर कट्टर क्रांति से लोग ऊब चुके थे. इसका लाभ उठाते हुए और अपनी लोकप्रियता को भुनाते हुए नेपोलियन ने सत्ता पर कब्ज़ा कर लिया और एक Consulate बना कर शासन चालने लगा. यह शासन क्रांतिकारी सिद्धांतों पर चलता रहा. अंततः नेपोलियन ने सम्राट की उपाधि अपने आप को प्रदान की और इस प्रकार फ्रांसमें राजतंत्र दुबारा लौट आया. इस प्रकार हम कह सकते हैं फ्रांस की क्रांति (French Revolution) अपनी चरम अवस्था में थी. 1789 ई. की फ्रांसीसी क्रांति (French Revolution) आधुनिक युग की एक महत्त्वपूर्ण घटना थी. यह क्रांति (French Revolution) निरंकुश राजतंत्र, सामंती शोषण, वर्गीय विशेषाधिकार तथा प्रजा की भलाई के प्रति शासकों की उदासीनता के विरुद्ध प्रारंभ हुई थी. उस समय फ्रांस में न केवल शोषित और असंतुष्ट वर्ग की विद्दमान थे, बल्कि वहाँ के आर्थिक और राजनैतिक ढाँचा में भी विरोधाभास देखा जा सकता था. राजनैतिक शक्ति का केन्द्रीकरण हो चुका था. सम्पूर्ण देश की धुरी एकमात्र राज्य था. समाज का नेतृत्व शनैः शनैः बुद्धिजीवी वर्ग के हाथ में आ रहा था. राजा शासन का सर्वोच्च अधिकारी होता था. राजा की इच्छाएँ ही राज्य का कानून था. लोगों को किसी प्रकार का नागरिक अधिकार प्राप्त नहीं था. राजा के अन्यायों और अत्याचारों से आम जनता परेशान थी. भाषण, लेखन और प्रकाशन पर कड़ा प्रतिबंध लगा हुआ था. लोगों को धार्मिक स्वंतत्रता भी नहीं दी गयी थी. राष्ट्र की सम्पूर्ण आय पर राजा का निजी अधिकार था. सम्पूर्ण आमदनी राजा-रानी और दरबारियों के भोग-विलास तथा आमोद-प्रमोद पर खर्च हो जाता था. राज्य के उच्च पदों पर राजा के कृपापात्रों की नियुक्ति होती थी. स्थानीय स्वशासन का अभाव था. फ्रांसीसी समाज दो टुकड़ों में बँट कर रह गया था - एक सुविधा-प्राप्त वर्ग और दूसरा सुविधाहीन वर्ग. फ्रांस की क्रांति (French Revolution) का प्रभाव विश्वव्यापी हुआ. इसके फलस्वरूप निरंकुश शासन तथा सामंती व्यवस्था का अंत हुआ. प्रजातंत्रात्मक शासन-प्रणाली की नींव डाली गई. सामजिक, आर्थिक और धार्मिक व्यवस्था में महत्त्वपूर्ण सुधार लाये गए. राजनैतिक कारण i) निरंकुश राजतंत्र राजतंत्र की निरंकुशता फ्रांसीसी क्रांति (French Revolution) का एक प्रमुख कारण था. राजा शासन का सर्वोच्च अधिकारी होता था. वह अपनी इच्छानुसार काम करता था. वह अपने को ईश्वर का प्रतिनिधि बतलाता था. राजा के कार्यों के आलोचकों को बिना कारण बताए जेल में डाल दिया जाता था. राजा के अन्यायों और अत्याचारों से आम जनता तबाह थी. वह निरंकुश से छुटकारा पाने के लिए कोशिश करने लगी. ii) स्वतंत्रताओं का अभाव फ्रान्स में शासन का अति केन्द्रीकरण था. शासन के सभी सूत्र राजा के हाथों में थे. भाषण, लेखन और प्रकाशन पर कड़ा प्रतिबंध लगा हुआ था. राजनैतिक स्वतंत्रता का पूर्ण अभाव था. लोगों को धार्मिक स्वतंत्रता भी नहीं थी. बंदी प्रत्यक्षीकरण नियम की व्यवस्था नहीं थी. न्याय और स्वतंत्रता की इस नग्न अवहेलना के कारण लोगों का रोष धीरे-धीरे क्रांति का रूप ले रहा था. iii) राजप्रसाद का विलासी जीवन और धन का अपव्यय राष्ट्र की सम्पूर्ण आय पर राजा का निजी अधिकार था. सम्पूर्ण आमदनी राजा-रानी और दरबारियों के भोग-विलास तथा आमोद-प्रमोद पर खर्च हुआ होता था. रानी बहुमूल्य वस्तुएँ खरीदने में अपार धन खर्च करती थी. एक ओर किसानों, श्रमिकों को भरपेट भोजन नहीं मिलता था तो दूसरी ओर सामंत, कुलीन और राजपरिवार के सदस्य विलासिता का जीवन बिताते थे. iv) प्रशासनिक अव्यवस्था फ्रान्स का शासन बेढंगा और अव्यवस्थित था. सरकारी पदों पर नियुक्ति योग्यता के आधार पर नहीं होती थी. राजा के कृपापात्रों की नियुक्ति राज्य के उच्च पदों पर होती थी. भिन्न-भिन्न प्रान्तों में अलग-अलग कानून थे. कानून की विविधता के चलते स्वच्छ न्याय की आशा करना बेकार था. सामजिक कारण i) पादरी वर्ग फ्रांसमें रोमन कैथोलिक चर्च की प्रधानता थी. चर्च एक स्वतंत्र संस्था के रूप में काम कर रहा था. इसका अपना अलग संगठन था, अपना न्यायालय था और धन प्राप्ति का स्रोत था. देश की भूमि का पाँचवा भाग चर्च के पास था. चर्च की वार्षिक आमदनी करीब तीस करोड़ रुपये थी. चर्च स्वयं करमुक्त था, लेकिन उसे लोगों पर कर लगाने का विशेष अधिकार प्राप्त था. चर्च की अपार संपत्ति से बड़े-बड़े पादरी भोग-विलास का जीवन बिताते थे. धर्म के कार्यों से उन्हें कोई मतलब नहीं था. वे पूर्णतया सांसारिक जीवन व्यतीत करते थे. ii) कुलीन वर्ग फ्रांसका कुलीन वर्ग सुविधायुक्त एवं सम्पन्न वर्ग था. कुलीनों को अनेक विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त थे. वे राजकीय कर से मुक्त थे. राज्य, धर्म और सेना के उच्च पदों पर कुलीनों की नियुक्ति होती थी. वे किसानों से कर वसूल करते थे. वे वर्साय के राजमहल में जमे रहते और राजा को अपने प्रभाव में बनाए रखने की पूरी कोशिश करते थे. कुलीनों के विशेषाधिकार और उत्पीड़न ने साधारण लोगों को क्रांतिकारी बनाया था. iii) कृषक वर्ग किसानों का वर्ग सबसे अधिक शोषित और पीड़ित था. उन्हें कर का बोझ उठाना पड़ता था. उन्हें राज्य, चर्च और जमींदारों को अनेक प्रकार के कर देने पड़ते थे. कृषक वर्ग अपनी दशा में सुधार लान चाहते थे और यह सुधार सिर्फ एक क्रांति द्वारा ही आ सकती थी. iv) मजदूर वर्ग मजदूरों और कारीगरों की दशा अत्यंत दयनीय थी. औद्योगिक क्रान्ति के कारण घरेलू उद्योग-धंधों का विनाश हो चुका था और मजदूर वर्ग बेरोजगार हो गए थे. देहात के मजदूर रोजगार की तलाश में पेरिस भाग रहे थे. क्रांति के समय (French Revolution) मजदूर वर्ग का एक बड़ा गिरोह तैयार हो चुका था. v) मध्यम वर्ग माध्यम वर्ग के लोग सामजिक असमानता को समाप्त करना चाहते थे. चूँकि तत्कालीन शासन के प्रति सबसे अधिक असंतोष मध्यम वर्ग में था, इसलिए क्रांति (French Revolution) का संचालन और नेतृत्व इसी वर्ग ने किया. आर्थिक कारण विदेशी युद्ध और राजमहल के अपव्यय के कारण फ्रांस की आर्थिक स्थिति लचर हो गयी थी. आय से अधिक व्यय हो चुका था. खर्च पूरा करने के लिए सरकार को कर्ज लेना पड़ रहा था. कर की असंतोषजनक व्यवस्था के साथ-साथ शासकों की फिजूलखर्ची से फ्रांसकी हालत और भी ख़राब हो गई थी. बौधिक जागरण विचारकों और दार्शनिकों ने फ्रांसकी राजनैतिक एवं सामाजिक बुराइयों की ओर लोगों का ध्यान आकृष्ट किया और तत्कालीन व्यवस्था के प्रति असंतोष, घृणा और विद्रोह की भावना को उभरा. Montesquieu, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau के विचारों से मध्यम वर्ग सबसे अधिक प्रभावित था. Montesquieu ने समाज और शासन-व्यवस्था की प्रसंशा Power-Separation Theory का प्रतिपादन किया. वाल्टेयर ने सामाजिक एवं धार्मिक कुप्रथाओं पर प्रहार किया. रूसो ने राजतंत्र का विरोध किया और व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता पर बल दिया. उसने जनता की सार्वभौमिकता के सिद्धांत (Principles of Rational and Just Civic Association) का प्रतिपादन किया. इन लेखकों ने लोगों को मानसिक रूप से क्रान्ति के लिए तैयार किया. सैनिकों में असंतोष फ्रांस की सेना भी तत्कालीन शासन-व्यवस्था से असंतुष्ट थी. सेना में असंतोष फैलते ही शासन का पतन अवश्यम्भावी हो जाता है. सैनिकों को समय पर वेतन नहीं मिलता था. उनके खाने-पीने तथा रहने की उचित व्यवस्था नहीं थी. उन्हें युद्ध के समय पुराने अस्त्र-शस्त्र दिए जाते थे. ऐसी स्थिति में सेना में रोष का उत्पन्न होना स्वाभाविक था. फ्रांसीसी क्रांति के परिणाम निरंकुश शासन का अंत कर प्रजातंत्रात्मक शासन-प्रणाली की नींव डाली गई. प्रशासन के साथ-साथ सामजिक, धार्मिक एवं आर्थिक जीवन में महत्त्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन हुए. फ्रांस की क्रांति (French Revolution) ने निरंकुश शासन का अंत कर लोकप्रिय संप्रभुता के सिद्धांत को प्रतिपादित किया. क्रांति के पूर्व फ्रांसऔर अन्य यूरोपीय देशों के शासक निरंकुश थे. उनपर किसी प्रकार का वैधानिक अंकुश नहीं था. क्रांति ने राजा के विशेषाधिकारों और दैवी अधिकार सिद्धांत पर आघात किया. इस क्रांति के फलस्वरूप सामंती प्रथा (Feudal System) का अंत हो गया. कुलीनों के विदेषाधिकार समाप्त कर दिए गए. किसानों को सामंती कर से मुक्त कर दिया गया. कुलीनों और पादरियों के विशेषाधिकार समाप्त कर दिए गये. लोगों को भाषण-लेखन तथा विचार-अभीव्यक्ति का अधिकार दिया गया. फ्रांस की आर्थिक स्थिति को सुधारने के लिए कर-प्रणाली (tax system) में सुधार लाया गया. कार्यपालिका, न्यायपालिका और व्यवस्थापिका को एक-दूसरे से पृथक् कर दिया गया. अब राजा को संसद के परामर्श से काम करना पड़ता था. न्याय को सुलभ बनाने के लिए न्यायालय का पुनर्गठन किया गया. सरकार के द्वारा सार्वजनिक शिक्षा की व्यवस्था की गई. फ्रांसमें एक एक प्रकार की शासन-व्यवस्था स्थापित की गई, एक प्रकार के आर्थिक नियम बने और नाप-तौल की नयी व्यवस्था चालू की गई. लोगों को धार्मिक स्वतंत्रता मिली. उन्हें किसी भी धर्म के पालन और प्रचार का अधिकार मिला. पादरियों को संविधान के प्रति वफादारी की शपथ लेनी पड़ती थी. French Revolution ने लोगों को विश्वास दिलाया कि राजा एक अनुबंध के अंतर्गत प्रजा के प्रति उत्तरदायी है. यदि राजा अनुबंध को भंग करता है तो प्रजा का अधिकार है कि वह राजा को पदच्युत कर दे. यूरोप के अनेक देशों में निरंकुश राजतंत्र को समाप्त कर प्रजातंत्र की स्थापना की गयी.

[@akberbaqri3603]

Study IQ education plz make documentary on siachin glacier

[@yashdeshwar2849]

general estate ki meeting me third estate ko bahar kr diya air jisse tennis court ki gatna bhi to hui jisse ki madhya varg ne khud ko france ki janta ka pratinidhi ghoshit kiya or baad me samvidhaan sabha ka Nirman kiya

[@manojpandey6897]

Study IQ education

[@kulkarnisingh347]

Thanks

[@sandeepKumar-yt5lb]

Study IQ education

[@gnpantulu1919]

Good explanation. I need not appear to any exam. I enjoy in recollecting the lessons I studied in my B A final year in 1973. You are correct. I was waiting to listen about the GUILLETINE affair. It came after 40 minutes of this lesson. Very much satisfied with your lecture. Mrs Rajya Lakshmi Pantulu. Visakhapatnam, A P

[@vrushalilokhande5252]

You people are so lucky...we are in 9th and still have to learn about it

[@jayramkumar5234]

ऐै

[@ShubhamKumar-mx1zu]

Studied this chapter 6 years ago... Nostalgic feeling of school days

[@siddhunkarthik]

May be you had a good history teacher or your history books were made up so well.

[@ShubhamKumar-mx1zu]

@@siddhunkarthik Actually the teacher was awesome..Books were just from NCERT

[@abhishekgadgil1146]

Same here. I studied it 5 years ago. This lecture made me nostalgic.

[@746098]

Bhai nostalgic kya hota h 😂😂😂😂😂🤣😂😂🤣😂😂🤣 . I'm just joking guys 😂😂

[@billwonchujam4790]

I hv forgotted everything about french revolution but refreshed me again in 2020 lockdown. Cleared my 12 in the year 2010.

[@History-Geopolitics47]

The best thing about your videos is your voice..CLEAN AND CRYSTAL....btw THANKS...😍😍😘

[@sandhyasinha2541]

Sadique Ahmad m

[@sandhyasinha2541]

sorry

[@kironmoyfunandfacts96]

Exactly

[@yeshuprathanatvtechnologyc5271]

Sadique Ahmad vvvvvvvvvvhjfgdtkdmydjrdlluh

[@ritika4518]

bhai study karte ho ki sound sunte ho

[@tysonsaini4494]

I'm student of class 9 I found this lecture interesting and very helpful. Thank you teachers. 👍👍👍

[@chandrakantphatangare8547]

I am also in ninth

[@chandrakantphatangare8547]

Which school

[@chandrakantphatangare8547]

I am in dhruv global

[@abhishekpandey9049]

Only one teacher 😄

[@labbaikwaley1825]

I'm from 9th, what's your dream

[@ankitkr7504]

I see this lecture 6th time on study iq by dr mahipal singh rathore 😍😍😍 Marvelous teaching ❣️ Awesome!! 🙏 💐 One of the best history teacher I have ever seen ❤️ OUTSTANDING LECTURE 💯

[@knowwhywithUtkarsh]

Didn't u understood it by watching it 1time !

[@perfecttube6112]

Who is watching in lockdown Thoko liked 😁😁😁😁

[@pankajanthrophilae]

Abey yaar padhai ki wajah se dekhna padh rha hai😓😓😓

[@AnkitaYadav-du2ep]

Don't take study as burden, study is a fun bro fun

[@pankajanthrophilae]

@@AnkitaYadav-du2ep thank you

[@omnashaki8575]

@Ankita Yadav. You are right sis

[@tanishashan2555]

I'm

[@mainakchattaraj9333]

Sir you make absolutely best videos and the way of your teaching is excellent. Thank you sir as your video helped me a lot in understanding the French Revolution.

[@Pahadiblood09]

I loved the point that rights to women were given right from the first election and we were the first and the only one to do it. Proud🇮🇳

[@armaghanshakir9247]

Same was done in Pakistan.

[@vult07]

That's why foundation of our country was weak. Because illiterate people could also vote.

[@piyushparmar3236]

मेने कई वीडियोस देखे but सबसे अच्छा वीडियो यही लगा👌क्रांति समझाते समझाते आपने क्रांति ला दी।

[@rakeshpatnaik7127]

I am computer teacher but after listening your videos my interest towards history gradually increase s so thank u much sir

[@kanbittt4998]

Teachers are fools

[@sarojininishank5688]

@@kanbittt4998 yes

[@rammilan5714]

@@kanbittt4998 and you are a dick head..

[@rammilan5714]

@@sarojininishank5688 what yes ? You fucking dumb bitch

[@kanbittt4998]

@USHA SINGH who are you to say this bitch

[@_--_10691]

Sir aap her chij ko bhut acche se easy way me explain kr dete h.. her kathin se kathin bat easy ho jati h... Lots of love and respect for u dear and respected Sir💐💐🙏🙏🙏💓💕💕🙏🙏

[@suchitrabehera2142]

It was a very easy interesting and nice teaching.... thank you sir....

[@odialifeingermany2989]

Your voice give about your personality besides u sir..I think in real life u r also a good human being...salute to u sir....ur way of teaching 🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@beautygupta8993]

You teach us in interesting method

[@payalghorpade4478]

Wonderful job sir.... Me n my son are regular viewers of ur channel... You made history interesting for his age... So eventually he is going to say its easy.... Thank for putting in efforts on this subject...

[@kalpanachoudhary7219]

Hamare class m sabhi ko ye subject boring lagta h lekin maine jab isse padha to aisa feel hua ki history is interesting sir... Thank u sir for teaching us like this ...u r soo brilliant

[@brijenderkumarsingh6377]

Your video such a knowledgeable .. whenever I feel free... I get knowledge from your video... 💕💕💕💕

[@shubhams.rathod2452]

Emmanuel Macron of (En Marche) party and Marine Le Pen of the (National Front) (FN), party, Elected on 14 may 2017.

[@SanjaySingh-ok6sd]

Thank you sir , I am a student of class 9 and I am wanted to read the chapter of class 9 history french revolution so I am search this chapter in you tube but anybody can not discribe better than my friend tell me if you want to read this chapter than you search channel study IQ education then I read this chapter in your channel this is so interested and very well discribed

[@narmadadas1614]

Sir ye topic bahout badi h 🥺🥺... But ap bahut acha samjhate h .... Really thnku so much sir ❤... Thnx for ur love , support nd respect 💗... Thanks a lot ...

[@alokkumarsoni1429]

Bhai mai to lockdown me suna ye, ekdum movie jaisa feel hua, mja aa gaya

[@naughtykinnu1168]

😂👌

[@alokkumarsoni1429]

@@naughtykinnu1168 🤪🤪

[@bishalchhetri4532]

Yes brother 💪

[@aafreenkhan3103]

😂shi me

[@edwin7p]

It's my 5th time listening to this video lecture. So pleasantly explained ❤️

[@adityasharma1M]

What WTF what the need to listen this video 5 Times it's means you haven't understood the chapter and literally I don't think so that you have listen it 5 times

[@Factman09]

@@adityasharma1M history ko jitna smjho utna kam he.

[@foryoursmile4533]

Thank you so much Sir for explaining the chapter . Your voice is very nice.

[@shrikantshri4653]

I whole 1 hour video, not a single second was boring. truly study iq is best.

[@jorambokum6483]

Thank you sir I have no words the way present this chapter is the best way I find to understand

[@rohitpatel2644]

Your Study style is perfect for our Understanding 😍

[@kanavgamingz5312]

Nice

[@devendrasingOO7]

Man you are too good ........... Thanks for videos...

[@nishantpanigrahy]

extremely thank you sir for your explanation i was not willing to study history and then i thought that let's try to get explanation by online help and i got this video

[@devendersingh5066]

Nice teaching sir i like your teaching.😊😊 it's like a movi👍

[@RaushanKumar-mn3sk]

Thanku so much sir for briefly explanation in small shortage of time

[@hisnameisdev]

I know I'm 2 years late, not even from India, obviously not preparing for any exams but this is very very informative for knowledge seekers and history enthusiasts like me. Thank you sir. 🙏🇳🇵

[@SumitGupta-mr7rf]

Thanx bro intrest bnane ke liye Jisko pasnd aaya like kro 👇👇👇👇 👇👇👇👇 👇👇👇👇

[@udaychoudhary2105]

Hit like

[@diwakar8788]

Revision Time 😰 French society was divided in three Estates - 1st estate comprised of clergy, functionaries of church, constituted about 1% of the population. 2nd estate- comprised of Nobility or feaudal lords. 3% of the population. They were primarily the owners of most of fhe land. They along with clergy had privileges to imposr and collect taxes from 3rd estate comprising 95% of the population and constituted of peasants, city workers, artisans etc. Primarily due to defeat in 7 years war and drain of wealth that took place in parallel during the reign of Louis 15 led the people into starvation and large scale famine occurred owing to the food shortages, upsurge in inflation, people rebelled. To resolve the financial crises king called on the meeting of The Estates General which had not been called in the last 175 years. By now owing to the intellectual awakening their was an emergence of middle class which had become aware of the limitations of the Estates General and demanded it be reformed of it's system of voting and seeked the concept of 'one persin one vote' but king refused. Estates General ended in deadlock. Members of Third estate -600 declared themselves National Assembly. King got lock put up on the doors of Central Hall. NA moved to nearby Tennis court. There they took the historic Tennis Court Oath and vowed not to dissolve or disband the National Assembly unless they had delivered a constitution to France. Meanwhile as the news of Tennis Court Oath spread like wildfire across french cities and coutryside workers and peasants rebelled. Feudal lords premises ransacked, land documents arsoned, granaries looted while in cities riots broke out and the historic Fall of Bastille took place as the rioters stormed the bastille which was percieved as the symbol of Royal opression as the king conventionally had got it's enemies thrown into this prison which the Bastille had been converted to. It's parts were auctiones in public places as souveniers. National Assembly renamed itself as National Constituent Assembly as it was drafting the constitution. NCA abolished feudalism, taxes imposed on clergy and nobility as well. Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen was released. Historuc concepta of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity and Property were put forth by this document which continued to shape the people's movement of strugglra for their fundamental rights in the 19th and 20th and even in the 21st centuaries. Constitution finally drafted and National Assembly dissolved and Legislative assembly formed. Frnce became constitutional monarcy. New parties or clubs with allegiance to varied ideologies emerged. Jacobins, Girondins and Society of Republican Revolutionary Women were important. Jacobins were radicalists, they believed powers had been concentrated in the hands of the bourgeoisies or the prosperous middle class while jacobins representing pesants and workers, artisans were disturbed by this fact. They demanded constitutional monarchy be abolished and Republic be created. Meanwhile some 7000 women marched to Palace of Versailles and exhorted tbe king to sgift to paris to better apprise himself of the socio economic woes of people. He caught in trick. He soon felt his life was in danger. He tried to escape to Austria but was caught. People especially jacobins became angry. Subsequently as the monarchs of Hapsburg dynasty/austrian empire and Prussia declared publicly the Declaration of Pillritz(probably) to support the french monarch, National Assembly declared war against Austria and prussia and king louis 16 put under trial and guillitoned/executed. Legislative Assembly failed finally and constitutinal monarchy scrapped and National Convention was eastblished finally and France declared to be a Republic. Under National Convention Committe on Public Safety was formed and jacobins dominated this body who initiated the infamous Reign of Terror between June 1993 to June 1994. They also abolished slavery. Well, during this peruod about 16000 people were guillitioned. Anybody could be captured merely on the basis of suspicion and put on guillition. People fed of jacobins finally decided to get rid of them. Robespeirrie, the the spearheading leader og the reign of terror himself was finally guillitioned and thus it marked the closure of the Reign of terror. Now girondins came to power but could not sustain. In 1995 the Directory was eastablished dominated by the bourgeoisies. Their apparently reliable military general Napolean Bonaparte was doing well in the First war of coalition. He betrayed and carried out a successful coup against the directory in 1994 and eastblished the system of Consulate. He became 1st of the three consuls. He put in place slavery back and declared the closure of era of Revolution and restored the privileged position of church in line with the inherent willingness of the poor masses who venerated the role of religion in their lives. Napolean wretched all the powers from consul and became Emperor of france in 1804 ..continued to rule till 1815, defeated at battle of waterloo. And Bourboun Dynasty restored. The key takeaways from the revolution were it's concept of Constitutional Monarchy where the powers of monarch were severly confined within the provisions of constitutions and several nations till today had been found to follow such systems like in Nepal where in 1990 a constitutinal monarchy was put in place following people's struggle lasting for about a decade. The ethos of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity continued to inspire cross section of people within the society to struggle for their rights in the 19th and 20 th centuaries like women's movement and workers movement that occurred at different points of time in different parts of the world and is still continuing. Political thinkers and philosophers like John Locke, jean jacques Rousseau, kant, Montesquieu, Voltaire, who talked of free speech and expression, helped raise consciousness of the people and triggered a sense of rational thinking amongst the people, raising questions on the propoganda of self declared representatives of God and helped sow the seeds of suspicion and septicism amongst the masses, relieving them of blind faith and superstitions and spurring rational thinking and reason !!

[@adityayadav-sq9wh]

Bhai kitna time waste hua isse likhne main sbra bahut hai bhai tujhme

[@sakshipandey.9227]

Bhai ye bta do ki pure French Revolution me kitni baar Naya Constitution bna ..Plz bta do Mera exam hai !! 9 ka !

[@sukhbirkaur8595]

Vehla?😂😑

[@ankitagnihotri488]

Diwakar Rajneesh waahh bhai....kya sum kiya h ek sath

[@navneetsingh6824]

@@adityayadav-sq9wh kisi Website se Copy and paste kiya hai ,but thanks...

[@kartikthakur3085]

Nice teaching sir like your teaching Thanks study iq to giving this type of best knowledge 😭😭❤️❤️

[@technosagarart5330]

Fantastic video sir very interesting Jisko Pasand aaya vo like krega 👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇

[@tanishqsharma5539]

Sir why are all kings having the same name ?? Is it having any logical reason ? Louis XIV Louis XV Louis XVI

[@smilewithananya__]

yeah confusion nah?

[@entertainer4378]

They did not know other name. 😄😄

[@muzicaldoctorz0901]

Honestly sir what my school teacher taught for whole 1 month you explained in just 1 hour. Thank you Sirji

[@jayatiwari2579]

Thanku sir great video

[@ashkenazi0000]

Excellent Video !!! Very Informative.. there is no doubt that the brutal fanatic Mughal rule in India faced stiff resistance at different periods from the great RAJPUT warriors, fierce AHOMS warriors from Assam & from Punjab the brave SIKHS warriors... Rightly did the great Hindi Poet Bhushana, who forsook the royal favours of the Mughal court to come over to Shivaji to record his glories, he sang :-“काशी की कला जाती, मथुरा की मसजीद बनती, अगर शिवाजी ना होते तो सबकी सुन्नत होती.” meaning : (Had not there been Shivaji, Kashi would have lost its culture,Mathura would have been turned into a mosque and all would have been circumcised.) If not for Shivaji and the Marathas, there would have existed a continuous Islamic belt from Morocco to Indonesia. What addition of 1 billion more adherents to Islam would have done to the world power balance or what would have happened to Indian legacy like yoga, ayurveda, music, art and philosophy, is not difficult to guess…. It is worthwhile examining the 'what if' of Indias history, Aurengzeb, Akbars great great grandson, had embarked on the 'Islamisation' of India. The Marathas, inspired by Shivaji, fought Aurengzeb and saved India from following the fate of Persia. The proof of Maratha victory lies in the fact that Aurengzeb lies buried, not in Lahore /Delhi or Agra , but near Aurangabad in good old Maharashtra... Indian history before Shivaji's advent reads like a chronicle of military disasters. Shivaji changed all that. He used Guerilla Tactics very effectively. Shivaji, as a great warrior & visionary laid a strong and solid foundation that after his death in 1680, there was a series of battles fought between Marathas and Mughals from 1681 to 1707 known as 'War of 27 years' and ended with the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. The Marathas eventually emerged victorious and consolidated their lost territories. This was further expanded by the Peshwas. The Maratha empire reached its peak in summer of 1758 with the conquest of Attock, which is banks of Indus river in Pakistan today. Its eastern frontier was today’s Orissa, being ruled by Raghuji Bhosale of Nagpur. Maratha armies had also reached upto Murshidabad, but then retreated and settled for tribute from Bengal and control of Orissa. To the south, in 1758, territories upto the fort of Gurramkonda in Kadappah district were held. Also, Tanjore (Thanjavur) was under Marathas, but that was a different line. In 1761, the PANIPAT war was lost to the Afghans but Marathas RECOVERED quickly like phoenix bird within 10 years and brought the whole of North Indian again under their control during the 1770's under leadership of Madhavrao Peshwa.. Eventually, the Marathas grew stronger and fought the British in three Anglo-Maratha Wars (1775-82, 1803-05, 1817-18), In the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-1782) The Marathas emerged Victorious. A Vijay Stambh (Victory Pillar) erected to commemorate Maratha victory over British is located at Vadgaon/Wadgaon Maval, close to the city of Pune. The 2nd and 3rd were subsequently lost and British established themselves. (By the way, just for your G.K, Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is also considered as the 'Father of the Indian Navy'.) Jai HIND !!! VANDE MATARAAM !! VANDE MATARAAM !! VANDE MATARAAM !!

[@amit536]

sala maja aa gya padne m........ dhanywaad sir ji for better explanation ......... history is just like a movie of old men .......

[@narasappabichchal8909]

Are aatuga.....

[@pragatigupta9369]

Explained karne ka method bht accha h Sir Aapka. Great history teacher

[@smran7835]

Sir u are explaining very well first time I luv history sir can I make one humble request? Sir plz upload more chapters of history of 9 class and 10 class sir plzzzzzzz👌👏👏🙏🙏🙏

[@kunasahu1126]

Sir please make a short video for those who are not studying upsc.Only for gaining knowledge.

[@happylifeeverytime8766]

Thank you sir 😊

[@rekhagupta854]

Thanks for explaining the chapter

[@SR_INSIGHTS]

I'm in class 9th just want to score good

[@rumanashamail9023]

Thank u so much Apne bhtt ache se explain kar ke ise bhtt easy way me smjha diya Thanks a lot

[@mrunaligondane5740]

You explain very well sir 👍 I feel like aap mere history teacher kyun nhi the becoz Meri history teacher ko khud history nhi aati thi jis wajh se I used to hate history ....it was very well explaination .

[@the_ramandeepkaur]

It is meaningful and sensable video help in my online classes

[@rashmii_kashyap02]

History se bhut kuch sikhne ko milta 👍 I love watching such kind of informational video ☺️

[@yashashvikatiyar2940]

Nice explanation unbleiveable interest created in hidtory by u sir thanks a lot

[@johnpaul8146]

Beautifully explained and illustrated. Hats off Sir. You are a very good teacher.

[@surajprakashbehera]

Thanks for this nice explanation sir. Just a small question triggered into my mind. From whom France and England used to take loans for war? Like they have to pay debt to whom? Are they traders? If they are traders of their own country, they could have just ignored it . I just thought of this question as that time there were no concept like WB, IMF from which they will get loan... could you please explain?

[@yashitanagpal2208]

sir..u explain really well..tysm

[@priyasaroj1661]

Thankyou sir❤️

[@DiyaGupta]

Thanks a lot teachers like you are real god

[@Karan_XD_07]

Wow....very nice explanation..loved it😊😊

[@shritighosh08]

Thanku so much sir for this video...it's really very very helpful for us....even the topic which you explain that all concepts r crystal clear...

[@jayprakashgupta6767]

hello

[@snprajapat8132]

Thnx sir. it is so fruitful for UPSC written exam

[@yogeshwarvashist3001]

Thank yuh sir it is very helpful for me

[@SandeepRathoreEducation]

Thank you very much sir, you are great...ek baar me sb smjh aa gya, you made it simple for me 🙏

[@Patientsoul26]

Thanks for this wonderful video.

[@ishikashakya7650]

Sir can you teach geography , civics, economic and mathematics please sir🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@adarshpandey6035]

Suppab mahipal sir apka bolne ka tarika bhut bdiya hain. Sabhi chize puri samjh ati hai achhe se

[@Shrjal]

Wah sir aap jaise teacher ho toh padhne ka mja hi alag hota hai 👍👍

[@Shrjal]

Jisko mera pasand aaye like kro 👍👍

[@adarshshukla8006]

Just a like on this video is not enough...History is one of my boring subject but you totally make my statement wrong sir...Thankyou so much sir❤️

[@unicornsweet782]

I wasn't able to understand this topic by my teacher but its very very clear .thank you sooooooooooooo much

[@aashasingh826]

Super sir

[@DivyaYadav-ww2hl]

Sir Spanish revolution ka bhi lecture lai lijaiyai

[@PoojaSharma-vr3wz]

Very well explained. Thank you for clearing my doubts. World history became easy after reaching to this channel. Thank you sir. U r great. M grateful to you.

[@uppsc1251]

Hello Pooja 💞

[@anshikabhadoria7110]

Prep for jnu sir 🙏 thanku soo mch all 360 angle completed over French revolution in just 1 hour

[@papurvakumari1319]

True

[@namankanswal9792]

Thanks sir for good explanation....

[@devyanshiyadav3743]

Feeling seeing movie nd increasing lots of knowledge French revolutionary...I was readings this in NCERT books now I felt I'm seeing better than NCRTE books...

[@worldhistorychannel5986]

Best video on this chapter i have seen ever ................

[@KnowledgeMatters.]

Aayush Tripathi

[@prachijha.30]

Thank you SIR💙🙏🏻

[@raghuvirsingh6766]

Thanks bhai aap ki vajhe sa lockdown m bhi hum ghar m study kar pa rahe ha thanks bhai

[@teteswarpradhan6662]

Hahah

[@vishaldev1877]

Sir very good video I am easily understand this chapter

[@jannatulfirdos3126]

Thanks sir for your lecture it help me very much

[@desiathlete6169]

sir you are the best....I'm from Pakistan but the lecture told by you arwawsome...... a very respect for you

[@omdatt2699]

tariq g Pakistan history ma independent movement mai inc ka kya role dikhaya gaya ha

[@jiweshsingh6559]

Tariq Baseeji

[@tanwerrealrajput2931]

Really ❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌✌👋👋👋👋👋👋👋👋👋👋👋👋👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌

[@narendrakumar5877]

Maine Suna hai ki Pak ki history me India ke bare me bahut galat bataya Jata hai

[@dalithtigers4256]

dekho humara India me itne talented long Hai aur Pakistan me Kya ghanta Hai sirf atankwadi baithe Hai gu khau hamara

[@socialking1601]

sir.. i am student of class 9th but your lecture made do 9.5/10 marks if you would be free so please make video tutorials on other chapter also .....

[@RakeshKumar-gk2io]

social king same here

[@jobsalert6354]

Same here

[@satishkumarsingh5266]

Very nice

[@himmatrawatgudduhemantrawa2423]

New one viedos

[@vishekgupta8671]

arpan sharma upsc syllabus and questions are mostly based on 6 to 12th ncert so it is useful for evryone even school boy

[@manisharawat9775]

Thanx..

[@innersmilebydrsanjeevmonga9369]

Very very informative lecture thank you and I like listening you very very much

[@raghvendergupta2193]

very good video. well explained. Thank you.

[@karmchandkarm5490]

Thanks sir for this video 🙏🏻🙏🏻

[@kirtiyadav1910]

m in graduation 3rd year from( history Hon.)tomorow is my exm..u helped me alot..thnx man..

[@syedaamirahmad]

Which university??

[@BabitaSingh-vy8ot]

Thank you so much......u r a great teacher

[@priyankamehrotra.4409]

Man you r good. I listen to ur pieces jist out of curiosity n love for history.

[@Masked_Opinion]

No word .. amazing historic and mind blowing ...

[@poojaverma0905]

Most well explained class of French Revolution on KZbin. I have done this video with NCERT and experience was amazing otherwise book is very time taking.

[@parulgarg339]

itna maza sala Baahubali 2 dekh k nhi aya...jitna yeh video dekh k aya.....what a damn amazing story it was.....Wow.....love Napoleon

[@influencingminds3554]

Aapki awaz Aman dattarwal ki trrh hh♥️♥️♥️ And ossm knowledge u give.. Merci Beaucoup(thank u in french)♥️

[@bhaskarsarma3532]

sir, please start a course on ancient Indian history from common era....thank you

[@DK_Rajputana2006]

For your help and support this lesson teaching 🙏🙏

[@sangeetaraj7130]

Sab topic clear ho gaya thanku

[@komalnasa8406]

Thank you so 🥰much I understood my whole chapter due to this video I understood my doubts my doubts are clear thank you so much for your this vedio sir I request to make a vedio on American war of independence ch. Also it will be so nice so again thank you so so so much!!😀👌👌

[@navjotsinghbhatia5605]

He already make video on American revolution just search American revolution study iq

[@piyushgupta9834]

You are great...... Your explanation is too good