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*1. Introduction:*
Surah Al-Fatiha (سورة الفاتحة) is the opening chapter of the Quran, consisting of 7 verses. It is a Meccan Surah and is also known as "Umm Al-Kitab" (Mother of the Book). It is recited in every unit (Rak'ah) of the Muslim prayer (Salah).
*2. Significance:*
Surah Al-Fatiha holds a central place in Islamic worship and is considered the most important chapter of the Quran. It is a prayer for guidance, lordship, and mercy. The Surah is also called "Sab’ul Mathani" (The Seven Oft-Repeated Verses) due to its frequent recitation in prayers.
*3. Themes and Meanings:*
*Praise of Allah:* The Surah begins with praise and glorification of Allah, recognizing Him as the Lord of all worlds.
*Divine Mercy and Compassion:* It emphasizes Allah's mercy and compassion, stating that He is "Ar-Rahman" (The Most Merciful) and "Ar-Raheem" (The Most Compassionate).
*Acknowledgment of the Day of Judgment:* The Surah affirms Allah's sovereignty over the Day of Judgment, reminding believers of their ultimate return to Him.
*Supplication for Guidance:* The latter part of the Surah is a supplication asking for guidance to the straight path-the path of those who have received Allah's favor and not of those who have gone astray or incurred His anger.
*4. Verses and Translation:*
1. *بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ*
"In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful."
2. *الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ*
"Praise be to Allah, the Lord of all worlds."
3. *الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ*
"The Most Gracious, the Most Merciful."
4. *مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ*
"Master of the Day of Judgment."
5. *إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ*
"You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help."
6. *اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ*
"Guide us to the straight path."
7. *صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ*
"The path of those who have received Your grace; not the path of those who have brought down wrath upon themselves, nor of those who have gone astray."
*5. Recitation in Prayer:*
Surah Al-Fatiha is a mandatory part of Salah (prayer) and must be recited in every Rak'ah. Its recitation is a direct dialogue between the believer and Allah, where the believer praises, seeks guidance, and asks for Allah’s mercy.
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