Surfside Building Collapse - Miami Florida - Other Contributing Factors

[@coachcraft]

As a broadcast professional for more than 32 years (retired), I always wondered about the quality of information you could get from this forum. Now, it's clear to me. You are able to present your analysis in a comprehensive way without one of the so-called professionals interrupting. If you were appearing on the six-o'clock news, they would have limited you to a minute and a half long interview or worse yet a 15 second sound bite. Keep up the good work.

[@sk8razer]

There's tons of ethical, professional experts creating incredible and highly reliable content on KZbin. It's a fantastic educational resource for any field. Unfortunately, there's also no shortage of creators spreading inaccurate, potentially harmful information across the platform. Sometimes this occurs as the result of the creator overestimating their knowledge level in the topic (for example, if a university sophomore majoring in structural engineering tried to make a series comparable to the one we are watching). But it's most often people with zero background in the topic saying things "outside of the mainstream" (for example, the numerous conspiracy theory videos on this incident). Of course, this is true of the entire internet. We have unprecedented access to all of the best information in existence... But we also have unprecedented access to all of the worst, most unreliable information in the world. And oh can prove very difficult to determine *which* information is quality. The inaccurate videos tend to be far more sensationalized and intriguing to a wider audience, which can be dangerous. I hate to speak unkindly of your field, but broadcast information steadily became increasingly sensationalized over at least my lifetime. This is obviously far less of an issue when information is being appropriately sourced and thoroughly fact checked prior to broadcast. But I suspect that it has caused a lot of confusion in the general public about who to believe on the internet. Highly sensationalized and dramatic content created by the public is a red flag for unreliable information in this setting. But it doesn't feel like a red flag considering the captivating way that so many broadcasters et al choose to present reliable information. I'm not sure if that makes sense. But the best solution to the internet information paradox is to continue trying to educate the public on how to spot user-created content that is reliable. This channel is a great example of one that hits countless "green flags". We know exactly who this person is and we know which company he is affiliated with. It's easy to look into his credentials and see that he is highly qualified to discuss this topic. His tone is not at all sensationalized and he clearly explains the limitations of his access to information. He's also careful not to speak in absolutes, as absolutes would be highly inappropriate at this phase of the actual investigation. He provides links to all of the documents and other forms of forensic evidence in all of the videos, which helps minimize the odds that any particular bit of information has been taken out of context or completely fabricated. His easily identifiable credentials and expertise grant him the ability to explain structural engineering concepts, including ideas about what *may* have happend -with appropriate disclaimers-, without needing to provide outside sources to back up his explanations. This is all around a great channel for anyone who is actually looking to understand the broad picture. Those who are looking for morbid entertainment and *SHOCKING SCANDAL* rather than education may not stay on this channel long, but thankfully there is an ever growing number of people who are supporting the channel and getting reliable information.

[@DeadCamper]

@@sk8razer Your rational comment brought me a brief moment of peace and solace.

[@MaggyShannon]

I appreciate the way you are treating the enormous amount of speculation. You are explaining what science is involved in each theory, while also making clear what is fact and what is theory. I found you because of my (admittedly) morbid curiosity. Because you are so good at explaining the concepts involved, I'm actually sort of going to school and learning new and interesting things. I think your work must be fascinating because it’s so interdisciplinary. Geology, chemistry, materials science, physics, math and so much more! You would make an excellent teacher. I appreciate that you’re taking time away from your family vacation to wield science and logic against our national problem of speculation and rumor. I think your work is also clarifying the crucial importance of building codes and their enforcement. Yes, on good days those regulations are probably expensive and onerous. This tragedy reminds us that onerous and expensive is better than dead. I also thank you for your commitment to remaining silent until you have both something worthwhile to say and have researched it properly. Very little good can come of this awful tragedy. It seems you are doing your part to help us learn, and that’s a good thing. Still would have rather the building stayed put.

[@_i_am_unceded]

Honor and Respect The very best interpretation of known facts, and truth based theory. It takes work to present this program, and I am grateful for your time

[@monsieurlespike7265]

@V Jacobs Really? Lies? How do you know? What are your criteria? Do you have extensive experience in build structures?

[@WindTurbineSyndrome]

Dont feed the trolls

[@lesleylesley5821]

It's really amazing, this is the kind info missing from TV news. Great work.

[@JohnSmith-fx4se]

I believe a local news outlet spoke with a maintenance manager from 1995 to 2000 that said the lower garage would flood based on abnormally high tides. He said they were flooding constantly to the point they were replacing the pumps in the garage VERY regularly. He said told them it wasn’t normal and they thought it was just bad quality pumps. He also stated that he didn’t have the same issue with the sister building, champagne north.

[@sherronpaul37]

Thank you for your knowledge. We so appreciate you. News is so drama filled. Sorry we ruined your vacation. Enjoy!

[@dannyman12]

I live in a similar structure and can tell you that we have more than considerable ventilation in our underground parking, along with numerous large floor drains throughout. With the amount of drainage provide we would never see a large accumulation of standing water. I would be curious to know what the actual building plans indicate regarding the level of ventilation and drainage required? Standing water in a below grade facility will obviously create issues, even if clean versus salt water. Just consider taking a shower without the bathroom fan turned on, water drips off the ceiling in that example. Thank you Josh for your analysis and clear presentation.

[@matildabryant8398]

I am glad KZbin recommended your channel. Thank you for the information!

[@donovan3152]

Same!

[@trixie9777]

@@donovan3152 go Chiefs‼️

[@donovan3152]

@@trixie9777 go chiefs

[@SR-gv2xr]

I am from Melbourne, Australia. I lived on Collins Ave in the past which sparked my interest in this building collapse. After watching your content regarding this building & your other uploads, I now am fascinated with general building integrity. Clearly so are many other people based on the thousands of views you have recieved. Please consider doing more uploads about your general work or other disasters that have occured, it is very interesting & you explain things in a way that is informative & entertaining.

[@batcactus6046]

I'm in

[@kimberlyperrotis8962]

I agree, I love getting (qualified, professional) engineering content on YT.

[@57Runnergirl]

We have 11111

[@michaelmorris1093]

Your channel is giving us much better information than we can get from TV news. Keep it coming. Thanks.

[@BuildingIntegrity]

So nice of you

[@rustybeddingfield227]

TV news is legally classified as Entertainment, they r not obliged to tell us anything.

[@geauxtigers2714]

I’ve been in industrial construction my entire career and worked in nearly every state in the union, with a 3 year stint career change, of doing mid & high rise form work (concrete construction) in central and primarily, South Florida. I’m now back in the industrial construction realm and for a reason…SAFETY! I’m a HSE professional and with the quality of most (not all) trades and contractors in south florida, lack of education, training etc..it made me nervous to walk my own projects in Ft. Lauderdale, Aventura, d-town Miami, you name it and this was all within the last 5 years. I’m not saying poor quality is the cause, as I’m not there and even if I was, it’s too early to determine. But, given what I know of the craftsmanship and sink holes in Florida, I’d be absolutely shocked if both weren’t THE dual root cause. Though by textbook, you’re only supposed to have one root cause and multiple potential indirect causes in any investigation, in the construction world. However, I think this’ll be the exception to the rule. God bless the victims, families and those “awful” first responders, risking their lives to try and save someone else’s.

[@-._.-KRiS-._.-]

Who was calling the first responders 'awful'? For shame.

[@Andrew-qq8fb]

@Building Integrity Check out the interview Jim Defede did with former condo maintenance manager William Espinosa. He states that the maintenance staff was constantly pumping water out from the garage for years, and that the condo association ignored his warnings. The manager said they could never pump out all of the water before it seeped and escaped into who-knows-where. That's the smoking gun.

[@jmurray212]

Interview- so much water that the pumps would wear out. Solution? Replace the pumps. Yikes.

[@bernicehenson2149]

I watched that interview also. Willam said he worked maintenance there from I believe 1990 to 2000. He also said the water got so high, cars were floating around the lower level garage.

[@truckerkevthepaidtourist]

@@bernicehenson2149 just think 1990 that thing wasn't even a 10-year-old building now the thing is 40 years old

[@rodrigoaranda7029]

drainage in this situation its very complex. you need an good system for drainage an very large water receptoir and a powerful pump, if it wasnt designed this way its an very expensive instalation

[@joebhed1]

honest I believe I heard right at the beginning- day one after collapse - that there had been a wetlands fill permit required before the buildup day one. See nothing lately.

[@MF-ty2zn1]

The tenant on the fourth floor felt the building trembling, called her husband, and reported that the pool deck was a large crater; then the building collapsed. She is missing.

[@TSUNAMI-MAMI]

She said the pool was swallowed by a sink hole. So sad she was scared in her final moments.

[@Ron4885]

@@TSUNAMI-MAMI Agree. And it *is* the final moments that count. No matter *how* a person passes away.

[@KayInMaine]

Something was happening in the building for her to call her husband. That was happening before the deck around the pool collapsed.

[@windsofmarchjourneyperrytr2823]

@@TSUNAMI-MAMI it was the deck. The pool was intact after.

[@AlexRoss2.7182]

I already commented previously, but still feel like I have to convey this again - what a thorough and expert work on this horrific incident, what a stark contracts to "Oh, wow! look at how horrible this is..." reporting one gets on the news. Thank you for spending your precious vacation time on sharing your expertise.

[@loismiller2830]

I like to get my news from people who don't have hair and makeup stylists.

[@NickanM]

@@loismiller2830 Amen. Competence & intelligence before looks!

[@Studio23Media]

Most news is generally just there to get you the surface details of a story. Not every journalist is an investigative journalist. It's just not possible for the news media to investigate every single story to this level of detail.

[@Studio23Media]

@@loismiller2830 You say that, and yet journalists CONSTANTLY get unsolicited comments on their appearance. Female news anchors get multiple comments every single day about their appearance.

[@loismiller2830]

@@Studio23Media You are so right. A more correct way to say what I was thinking is that I prefer to get my information from people who are experts, not just talking heads. I can't imagine the pressure news people are under to keep their jobs and appearance is a large part of that, espically for women. The problem I actually have is with sensationalism and a lack of solid information. To compensate, we see news outlets serving up speculation as the truth. The folks with stylists seem to be the ones doing that, which is why I tend to shut them off. I would love to see women reporters celebrated for their intelligence and integrity and not for their looks.

[@mva1985]

dude the knowledge you are sharing is much appreciated

[@Ropecharud]

💯

[@jasoncrandall73]

A previous building manager stated the parking garage would flood during high tide where cars would float (1995 to 2000) on a interview recently. They also had to used pumps to pump out most of the water (then some of the water would just "go away").

[@ChristienahRobertsonTravis]

That is an interesting statement 'go away'. That says that the water could have also been coming up from under the ground.

[@CariadCymru666]

I was just about to mention this, as it wasn't coming from the road or rain it was coming from underground it was stated by the maintenance guy and the sister building had never had water on the car park, and having to replace pumps as they'd break down so often

[@edwardmcgee863]

He said the pumps couldn't remove the water because it was too much. Then it would just disappear. It's just a messed up situation. Seems like the owner didn't have enough to cover the full 5 million to get the building fully repaired

[@waitaminute2015]

@@ChristienahRobertsonTravis that's exactly what sea level rise is doing. People assume sea level rise means they will see the beach water coming up over the sand. No, it's seeping up through porous limestone.

[@bmc868]

And nobody did something.....

[@2345allthebest]

Channels like this make KZbin SUCH a valuable resource...so much more here than anywhere else at the moment... thanks for your interest in this, your expertise, and your passion in producing this timely series!

[@alec9255]

Agree!

[@yarnpower]

Someone interviewed the former maintenance manager and he corroborated that lots of sea water was a problem in the underground parking garage.

[@trucid2]

No big deal justcars floating in the parking garage lol.

[@-._.-KRiS-._.-]

@@trucid2 No one said the cars were floating.

[@trucid2]

@@-._.-KRiS-._.- They did actually.

[@angelaf5040]

I just seen a 2015 complaint of building damage occurring because of construction next door. They reported it to Surfside and was basically told " not my circus " and to hire someone private if concerned. Well clearly they were concerned! Thanks for specs and great info!

[@coolpix222]

That is really useful data. Disturbance of nearby soil absolutely could cause be the root cause. People here seem to conclude its corrosion and poor maintenance. However, it could very well be erosion leading to a broken foundation, leading to column damage, then spalling and rusting. What people are noticing very well could be a result and not the root cause. Residence should be able to confirm structural damage around the time of new construction or within a year or two later.

[@pornstarlivesmatter3319]

@@coolpix222 I KNOW ABOUT THAT! my neighbor had work done which broke my sewer lines..im pretty much living in an outhouse because i can't afford to fix the issue. it wasn't noticed until a few months after the work was done.

[@3ppcli]

Look, if I go down to the parking level and my car is floating, I'M PACKING!!!

[@claudermiller]

How do you sell a unit in a building like that?

[@sfloridapatriot5572]

@@claudermiller the sellers disclosure would require you disclose and if you do not disclose a known defect....

[@claudermiller]

@@sfloridapatriot5572 I bought my house 6 years ago in Ohio. The seller didn't fill out the disclosure. Claimed to be mentally incompetent. Lol. No problem for me since it was obvious what I was getting into but I think you know as well as I do just about any law can be skirted with the right legal advice. Disclosure forms are just like locks. They only work on honest people.

[@viperswhip]

@@claudermiller You go rent somewhere for a few months, then you just cross out the property disclosure statement saying DO NOT RESIDE, and boom, the buyer needs to read all of the strata info their realtor should provide to them, good luck on that happening.

[@FreddyFermin]

@@claudermiller those were selling for more than million and a half.

[@haroldholmes4764]

Love listening, This man is full of knowledge.

[@Ropecharud]

💯

[@qtruth3217]

💯 full of shit

[@judithbalchin6777]

Thks for the insights given rather so so sad they did a bad job close to water but why?????

[@qtruth3217]

Don’t, your information sucks

[@sashaduke14]

1. The google image shows how poorly that building was being maintained 2. Does anyone else think, florida condos on the ocean built before the 80s are about to get really cheap? Bless the lost souls, their families, I mean no disrespect by my comment/question and my prayers and heart is with you.

[@paigerausch6565]

Or do you see those sites being demolished and redeveloped, that's the best solution imo. Why put lipstick on a old pig?

[@dougc190]

That is so true you. You look at the South Tower and it looks like junk and then you look at it sister Tower in the north looks beautiful. And I read on one of his comments at the North Tower aka the sister did not have the problem with the water in the garage

[@blackhawks81H]

Oh no way. Real estate is such a ridiculous cutthroat industry that even the mafia often finds it distasteful. Location being what it is, you could literally list condos in those buildings with "3 bed, 2 bath, non-zero chance of death" and people would still pay ridiculous amounts of money to buy them. I suspect a number of tenants of this building knew it was in terrible shape. Maybe not to what extent, but if you told them, "hey we're really concerned about the condition of this building, we need you to move out so we can do some really serious renovation/repair work. It isn't safe for you to be here while the work is being done" I'd bet good money a large percentage of them would have been quite pissed and told you to go scratch.. Or threatened lawsuits, etc. I know this because I've dealt with it before working in real estate. People will tolerate INSANE things to live in a desirable location.

[@dougc190]

@@blackhawks81H I agree with you 100%.. Everybody's blaming the condo board but in my mind and from what I've read the blames go all the way around

[@windsofmarchjourneyperrytr2823]

@@blackhawks81H LOL! I was in there. Never seen such LYING GREED in my life! Never, EVER deal with those two faced idiots again. Any lawyer can do what they did.

[@elaineg7443]

I would think even fresh water becomes “salt water” along the coast. Salt is in the air and deposited on the surface everywhere.

[@darthvader5300]

John Smeaton's mortar and concrete was used as a construction material and binder in building the Eddystone Lighthouse which was dismantled and move inland because the natural rock formation underneath it's Smeaton hydraulic cement mortar base or stump is desintegrating under the impact of the waves and by the corrosive effects of seawater, salt spray, salt air, and salt particles deposited on it. But the Smeaton hydraulic cement mortar base or stump remains unaffected and is still in pristine condition. This is not the first time that a man-made material was able to withstand nature's wrath for 250 years and remains unscathed and is still in pristine condition. John Smeaton mortar and concrete. www.centuryhouse.org/Next/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2006summ.pdf Smeaton found that a mix of lime, clay and crushed slag from iron-making produced a mortar which hardened under water. Smeaton had discovered the process for manufacturing a hydraulic cement. 250 years after Smeaton’s discovery of hydraulic cement the base or stump of his lighthouse still remains intact on the Eddystone Rocks. www.researchgate.net/publication/279711585_Performance_of_a_60-year-old_concrete_pier_with_stainless_steel_reinforcement stainless steel rebar reinforced concrete bridge built in 1937 to 1941 is still standing today. www.centuryhouse.org/Next/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2006summ.pdf Smeaton found that a mix of equal volumes of slaked lime powder, clay powder and powdered crushed slag from iron-making produced a mortar which hardened under water. Smeaton had discovered the process for manufacturing a hydraulic cement. 250 years after Smeaton’s discovery of hydraulic cement the base or stump of his lighthouse still remains intact on the Eddystone Rocks while the natural rock formations of the Eddystone Rocks has been damaged by marine coastal conditions and exposure

[@darthvader5300]

Eastern Roman Empire concrete is slaked lime + powdered brick + sand (add gravel to make concrete) and water. Hagia Sophia's mortar is made out of slaked lime + powdered brick + sand + water to create a high tensile strenght mortar to bind the bricks and has withstood earthquakes and is 1,484 years old and exposed to marine coastal conditions of the Sea of Marmara!

[@juliaweber212]

It’s pretty sad they knew about the damages for three years and did nothing which could’ve prevented lives lost especially relocating residents until inspections are over for safety

[@fishydubsfishing6516]

Just like there doing nothing now

[@steeveekeys1904]

@Bryan Miller A most stunningly truthful synopsis.

[@paulagirolamo7962]

I wish you'd been my high school geometry teacher back in the day, I might have had a better chance to understand what the heck it was all about! Thank you for making the facts so clear in this situation.

[@SuperEddietv]

Inspectors from the city itself, in there, every 6 months doing their usual, passing it all, as usual. Some folks in the comments need to learn some Florida condo etiquette...city wants the revenue from those buildings as well which has them just as negligent. As soon as I heard about this, the first words out of my mouth were government corruption. We now know it started on day one of construction. The association is the easy target. Budgets always play a role in what gets done.The city is the final voice. The structural analysis is excellent on this channel but some people in the comments need to learn the politics of condo's and the interactions with their respective cities. I have personally combed the blueprints on this structure and I'm appalled at column/floor relationships and poor pile details.... for starters. The code is only as good as the ethics of person enforcing it.

[@rolandemorgan5992]

Exactly. Money and corruption are buddies with profit being first.

[@juancamiloreyes8444]

Thanks for your public service. It's the only explanation that tries to cover the building collapse from a a structural engineer point of view. As an structural engineer I have to say that the structure failure is far from a "known" collapse mechanism and we have to treat it with responsibility.

[@jmrocks49]

Fantastic series of presentations! Have the mainstream news organizations contacted you? If not, they should. A half hour to an hour program containing information from you videos so far would be a welcome relief and counterpoint to what we’re seeing on TV.

[@offgrid24seven]

Thank you for taking time to inform us of your findings while on vacation with your family. The right to the point information is appreciated. Glad to see your subscription is increasing. You present the information in an easy to understand format. Enjoy your family time!

[@patrickmeservey4077]

It would be interesting to learn the parking garage finished floor elevation and the mean high tide elevation.

[@markiefufu]

I'm glad I found your channel. This is so much more informative than watching the news channels with the anchors blindly conjecturing what might have happened.

[@politicalfoolishness7491]

Congrats on getting 2000 subscribers more in about 2 days. 300% growth in 2 days is very impressive.

[@BuildingIntegrity]

Thank you! We've been very fortunate, but we sincerely wish it did not take this tragedy to get there. We will continue to work hard to bring you guys insights outside of the media coverage.

[@politicalfoolishness7491]

@@BuildingIntegrity You are providing a valuable service for all to learn. Should there be other coastal buildings, perhaps even elsewhere in the world, and there is neglect, you may inadvertently be saving lives in the future by preventing such a catastrophe there. Through this education, even residents may now become the "canary in the coal mine" to alert uninformed building management to a developing or severe problem. So below is an idea for you to consider that I think has a lot of value to the public. Rarely am I impressed with the media, but I'm totally impressed with a reporter Jim DeFede on CBS Miami. Here is one of his interviews with a former superintendent of the building - you've probably already have seen it kzbin.info/www/bejne/nZmalKGPbLWegrc&ab_channel=CBSMiami Perhaps you'd consider sharing your expertise to a broader audience by being interviewed by him on their news channel if you are comfortable with that.

[@tictaktotiki]

very impressive , the absolute only information worth looking at in the whole of the coverage. same goes for the intelligent comments being generated, no tin hats to be seen.

[@alisonb9963]

I doubt, given the tragedy involved and its severity, that he is thinking about KZbin views. That's for middle-schoolers. This is the sharing of knowledge which may hopefully save future lives.

[@monicarico733]

@@tictaktotiki No tin hats is refreshing.

[@kevinmcgrath3591]

Concrete with steel reinforcement is around a long time. They knew 40 years ago that the ground would have salt water in it and that the general sea environment was corrosive. Why was there insufficient concrete cover over the steel to protect it properly, furthermore why was the concrete mix porous enough to allow water penetration and rust / spalling ? did the 1980's codes at the time not cover this ?

[@truckerkevthepaidtourist]

Yes you are correct it took post hurricane Andrew and new building codes for things to really change. Especially down in Florida from Jacksonville clear down to Miami structures that sit along the ocean on like a barrier reef the way the Surfside area was built prior to Andrew hopefully people are going to start taking a good look at those structures. Because they age over 30 years some are 50 plus years old like the tragedy that was luckily averted in Sarasota in a building that was built in 1974 and re shored up to post Andrew standards this may happen again

[@trouttrout2848]

Your reports actually bring out important information. What I see on TV is mostly just chat. I don’t understand how this bldg can have up to 2 ft of salt water in parking area over years and and mist reports do not even mention????

[@jonwhick3073]

Yes and the sister building wasn't having a flooding issue that should of been a red flags...aparntly they pumps ran so often they were having to replace then every few years

[@arfcomcobra]

The condo Karens in the assoc are too busy "feeling" their neighbors are the the problem. They probably walked by the corroded sinking salt water foundation still pissed at their neighbors

[@waitaminute2015]

This is so common in the area that people just live with it. Millions have been spent to raise drains and sideways and roads and pumps.

[@arfcomcobra]

@@waitaminute2015 I have been told by construction people that what the architects design and what is actually built is rife with corner-cutting and minimalism. Its why water never drains here in So Fla

[@waitaminute2015]

@@arfcomcobra I believe it. So many things can go wrong. Does anyone check the consistency of concrete every truckload or just hope they mixed it right?

[@JoMomma]

Thank You for the time you have spent compiling information and presenting your expertise! 🌞

[@annaksfrog]

@Jude74 Photos right after the collapse show the pool full of water. It was not drained till much later, like the day after.

[@tab7633]

I also saw the pool full of water day of collapse, next day it appeared to be drained by the fire department. They can use the water in the pool to put out the fire. They do that in California as wild fires near homes.

[@LuigiSeta]

Reading the available documentation, I noticed a penthouse apartment has been added on 5/14/80 (original plans are dated on 1979) on the whole East section of the roof, for that an elevator has been installed to reach the 13 Floor, using and voiding the Storage Room T004 floor space throughout the building. Looks like the columns have not been redesigned for the extra live and dead loads. I don't believe this have been a contributing factor, but I wanted to point it out. Also, a huge steel structure (freshly painted in red) can be seen on top of rubble coming from the middle section of the already stressed roof, may be installed to hold and HVAC system... more unaccounted loads! My other two cents. Congrats Josh for the great job you are doing on this!

[@bonnieabrs1003]

There are photos of the work being done on the roof. It includes bundles of new material, elevator shaft building & ladder, a/c units, & newly installed things for the workers to attach to so they won’t fall off the roof. Under the a/c units are lengths of red painted metal supports to hold the units on the building, but attached to the building. Photos & description were about the possibility that the roof fell first. Early photos of the debris shows those red metal bars & ladder to access the elevator room on top of the pile. That is evidence that the roof didn’t come down first but last.

[@jamesgasper7559]

The building supervisor said the lower level had water that continually being pumped out in 2001

[@deeannemason7003]

Liquefaction

[@markiefufu]

I saw his interview. Apparently everyone just shrugged their shoulders and ignored it. The North building didn't have that issue.

[@gertrudehii9079]

Thank you, I so appreciate you putting it all together in this video.

[@jameshayes9779]

Hi, my apologies if I missed it, a survivor from a ground floor unit had said, she heard the pool deck collapse then proceeded to tell the security guard, so there was a brief amount of time after the collapse of the pool deck before the rest of the building fell. Just curious if you have any thoughts.

[@matthewmosier8439]

I'm late to the game on this and not as smart as the guy running this channel, but I have experience in construction including running a site which was situated over less than optimal ground conditions (it was found to be a historic landfill the conditions of which led to a redesign of the foundations mid-project). It seems that the timeline for the condo collapse starts at about 21 minutes before the building fell when the video taken by a couple next door showed chunks of concrete and a pipe pouring water, all located in the parking garage. My guess is that a post tensioning cable had finally rusted to the point where it failed, inside the first floor slab, causing the slab to "slouch" under the weight of the planters, etc. located in the pool area. About 14 minutes after that from what I can tell, is when the pool deck fully collapsed, vertical supports punching through the slab and the weight and position of the slab now putting horizontal pressure on the three supports which then failed shortly afterwards. The shaking in the building and the sounds could have partly been created as the post tensioning cables popped, one by one, leading the entire building to shake as the first floor slab was compromised.

[@travis1555]

@@matthewmosier8439 Did they do post tensioning in buildings like this in the 70's or is that a more modern technique. As and old rodbuster I never saw it till the 90's in my area in commercial construction.

[@matthewmosier8439]

@@travis1555 I just read where somebody said that they saw the cable from post tensioning and not just rebar exposed in one of the pictures. However, I haven't looked into that to see if that slab was. I see from a little sleuthing that post tensioning has been around since the 60's, though definitely has gotten to be more popular in recent years.

[@bbgun061]

@@matthewmosier8439 The plans that Building Integrity showed do not include post tensioning cables. There are pictures that clearly show the columns punched through the pool deck. There is an excellent analysis here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nqrReZyNep1kbsU

[@JT-lt5gr]

From 200± subscribers to 3,640. We really appreciate your knowledge, explanation, and time. Thank you.

[@MinusEighty]

The tide going out was the trigger. Low tide was at 1:30 the collapse occurred at 1:04 as the tide neared it's lowest point.

[@BuildingIntegrity]

Another useful piece of information. Thanks! I'll try and look into that as well.

[@Mary-bd9vu]

Maybe it started slowly at that time? The one guy woke up to a boom, looked at his phone at 1:18 and ran out of the building, he was on the first floor and escaped. Then the ring camera footage from condo 711 was at 1:22 showing a lot of dust falling then another boom before it cut out

[@coolpix222]

One last erosion episode could have caused this single point of failure.

[@MinusEighty]

@@BuildingIntegrity Thanks. I also noticed that the building manager stated that the water intrusion occurred in the parking garage under the collapses section of the building and that the part of the building that remained standing did not have an issue with salt water intrusion. The manager said that he brought this issue up repeatedly and that the owners said that it had been that way for years. So for years the sea water flowed in with high tide and out under that building creating a bigger and bigger void under the building. The 2018 report did not mention this root cause issue and instead only mentioned that they saw a some cracks here and we see a leaky planter box over there etc. The building manager repeatedly told the owners that it "was not normal" to have all of that sea water in the garage. He was ignored. The owners response was don't worry it has been like that for years, just keep the pumps going to keep it drained was nonsensical. It would appear that the engineer in 2018 was not even aware of this issue. I would assume that with all of that cracking the engineer probably should have called for a more thorough inspection and he probably should have contacted the building department. Also why are these buildings only inspected every 40 years?

[@MinusEighty]

I know that if I had a house that had a recurring water intrusion issue in the basement for years, and that house suddenly had cracks everywhere, I would immediately think that the flooding was the cause. Why this connection was not made for this building is beyond me.

[@GrumpyYank26]

WOW. This was fantastic. Great job! Thank you!!

[@davidwomack5982]

We are amazed, considering the location & construction? There will be more…..

[@TuckerSP2011]

Excellent presentation. Thank you for showing the column layout and then the drawing of the building footprint with the columns highlighted. This really helps to understand where the demolition of the building probably originated.

[@Lupis179]

I hear, many buildings constructed in the 80's, were made with ocean sand, and is a corroction fact for sure, is well known by local developers and real state ,they call these buildings "sick buildings "

[@bmc868]

80's are over....for sure.

[@RadChick]

Yes, at one point concrete mixes were made with beach sand...containing an abundance of salt.

[@DVincentW]

@@bmc868 Go eat toothpaste.

[@freegedankenzurbaukunst5613]

@@RadChick Turkey / Sea sand used to construct collapsed 27-year-old building. Low-quality concrete and sea sand was detected in the construction material, resulting in erosion and rusting in the steel reinforcing used in the building.

[@popozz]

From Japan. In the past, Japan had a shortage of sand for concrete due to the construction rush associated with the rapid growth in the 1970s, so some contractors used sea sand that had not been washed thoroughly. The salty concrete corroded the rebar quickly, which expanded, and after only 20 years or so, the concrete began to peel off at railroad overpasses and tunnels. It is the same as what can be seen in the Google image of this building before it collapsed. So the railroad company spent a lot of money to repair it.

[@dutchgunner8856]

Just found your channel along with many other people I would guess and the explanations of the building collapse is the clearest and most accurate one I have seen. Great job keep up the great work. Thanks

[@geoh7777]

"Stay safe." In other words, lower your expectation as to dwelling amenities and look for a single-storey residence somewhere believed to be free of sinkholes.

[@Negativity808]

So not in Florida basically

[@J-ZIM]

@@Negativity808 ...and mexico

[@megannoe2057]

I just came across a interview saying a resident had actually came to stay the weekend and she attempted to pull in the parking garage and it was so severely under water that she couldn't pull in and decided to leave, to contact whom ever she would contact, and went back to her children's house where she splits up her time. Of course it's hard with he said/she said of course but I do know that 1st responders had to pump out TONS of water from the parking garage area since they focused on building that trench right in the parking garage where voids would more likely be present compared to the obvious area where the collapse was pancaked.

[@danr9584]

I keep seeing this story about not being able to pull into garage, but I cant find it. Do you have a link to that interview?

[@abfutrell]

I read this too, as well as a valet driver noticing a lot of water in the garage.

[@RadChick]

Yes, there were 2 people, a valet driver as well, both noticing the water-filled garage and one reported "rumbling noise" as well, 10 minutes prior to the building collapse.

[@amunderdog]

All i think i know? A barrier island is called that for a reason. There should be nothing built out there except maybe ports and there airport.

[@pamsbirding]

I agree. I have never had a desire to live close to the ocean. Too much risk.

[@shAnn0n1]

Thanks for all of your insights throughout the course of learning about what may have happened to this apartment building. All of your knowledge and how you explain things is so helpful. God bless you and your family while on your vacation. Thank you again.

[@laurasalo6160]

Thanks for the update -- really fascinating -- and have a wonderful time with your family!!

[@Spucky50]

I'm a nerd and like all the details. Thank you for the excellent videos.

[@Sol_Invictus510]

Nerd out brotha!

[@bchadaway7469]

Any investigation will need to take a close look at the recently completed construction, next door, to the south.

[@juliaweber212]

I agree

[@coolpix222]

Yes, very true. Just heard that today. The many observations of the structural damage could easily be the RESULT and not ROOT CAUSE. The many people here playing engineer are rushing to judgement. Building next door, leads to disturbance in the soil, leads to damaged foundation, leads damage of columns, leads to spalling and corrosion of columns, leads to more deterioration of columns, leads to epoxy repairs not working. This is a rational explanation of what could be being observed. They will soon know if there is a sinkhole beneath the middle of the garage.

[@bchadaway7469]

@@coolpix222 Sinkholes are unusual in this part of Florida. The eastern part of Miami-Dade County is largely built on a series of ancient coral reef beds, which extends down into the Keys (if you've ever been to the Keys, you'll know what I'm talking about). But some areas are built on landfill, which can subside significantly, especially where erosion is present.

[@geowhjr]

I read Champlain South Association requested Town Officials (Surfside) to investigate potential impacts, and they declined.

[@coolpix222]

@@bchadaway7469 I didn't hear, but I'm thinking that construction next door lead to ground issues. It could be that it lead to disturbance of sand, rocks, trash, or whatever fill they used to move. Then with water flow up and down with tides displace that material causing a hole under the garage. They got to see what the complaint was. If cracks in columns, then it would make sense.

[@terrykeever3280]

Good job explaining what's going on. I'm a civil engineer not a PE though. Never worked in that type of soil. Thanks for taking time out of your vacation.

[@williamd6967]

This guy is brilliant!

[@deliacodums8926]

This video gives the clearest account and provides the best understanding of the numerous problems with this building.

[@RadChick]

Do you have any ideas about why 2 separate people, one a valet, another a condo owner, reported 'the garage was filled with water' about 10 minutes before the collapse? Could the sudden weight load of water entering garage cause an already weakened structure to collapse? And how would water suddenly flood out garage to this extent, prior to collapse, *if it was part of the sequence of events? Enjoy these discussions, thank you!

[@TexasHarleyBoy65]

Fascinating explanations of things that may or may not have contributed to this catastrophic collapse. It really make you think about how important these building and geologic inspections and evaluations are.

[@1997inspire]

The only real cure in any situation is prevention .Once the ground structure on which the building rested was allowed to deteriorate to that extent it simply was not repairable ,hence the building was doomed.

[@ryanflyhigh36]

Frequent flooding in garage, confirmed by person in charge of building maintenance for several years, leaving a few years ago. (don’t recall actual time frame. Gentleman gave an interview about the constant flooding in parking garage and constant replacing of 2 pumps, roughly every year or 2). I’ll find that interview if you’d like… Enjoy your VACA!!

[@RadChick]

On CBS Miami

[@mudman6156]

When a lot of people say the same thing, especially people that are not associated with each other, there tends to be some truth to those comments. When a building that’s inland (vice being built in the ocean itself) gets seawater inside the underground parking garage, there’s a very serious issue that if not fixed, will eventually lead to the collapse of the structure itself. Concrete is not completely watertight, thus, it takes a thicker wall to keep water from penetrating. If there happens to be rebar that’s within the range for which salt water can penetrate, than that rebar is going to swell up like particle board…from the expanding rust. If the concrete cracks for any reason, then water can penetrate even deeper, weakening the concrete further.

[@hlowrylong]

Consensus is not evidence. Ever. It just helps you feel better about your opinion.

[@user-vb6lq9il5v]

If the consensus says that there was seawater around the support columns then the consensus can be that it was causing corrosion in the support columns. The consensus can also be that the movement of the water can cause erosion. The consensus can also be that both were occurring. The consensus can also be that a reduction of strength of support columns can lead to a lack of support. The consensus can be that gravity is found everywhere and that objects that are not supported will fall until they reach something that can support them.

[@joelnoland9931]

Done property maintenance in Florida for years I can tell you that water brought that building down without doubt The Salt water intrusion and the fact that the garage flooded during Key tides and high tides for years !!! unearthed the foundation and weakened the main columns in the core of the building The North building garage is spotless and bone dry not one concrete issue !

[@CDN1975]

Just last month I was watching a 60 Minutes Australia piece about defective residential high-rise buildings there. Makes one wonder how many unstable buildings are out there.

[@samreynolds3789]

MILLIONS

[@debrahelmlinger6256]

Tons still in S Florida as lots of shady stuff going on before Andrew hit

[@hlowrylong]

I do question everyone saying this exact detail … tell me the last time a FL condo building collapsed killing 100+ people? If this was a constant occurrence, wouldn’t the media be at each collapse site??? It hasn’t happened. We haven’t had 4-5 collapses per year. This is the only one I can remember (- other than 9/11 and Ok City bombing and Beirut - fire in Grenfeld --all of which were different afflictions ….)

[@jonwhick3073]

Hopefully this will wake up cities to stop allowing these builders to get away with shady things

[@juliaweber212]

A lot that’s why inspections should not be 40 years but sooner like every two years or after disasters of floods, fires or earthquakes

[@adopt_a_dog]

Thanks for these videos. They are very enlightening. Have a great vacation! I'll bet your family is very proud of you. You seem to be the type of person who makes everything enjoyable.

[@nancisailormoy9135]

One of the survivors reported hearing 3 definite booms before the building came down. Would those three columns make that sort of noise as they were compromised? I also think they found one of the bodies in a car and if so I wonder if perhaps someone did accidentally hit a column.

[@dloadthis1617]

They authorized the remaining portion of the building to be demolished Sunday morning but will not allow any people to reenter their units to retrieve belongs or PETS!

[@fraukatze3856]

Apparently a trained rescue worker went through the remaining part three times looking for pets and removed any. It was too dangerous to let the residents go back.

[@Garundian00]

Came for curiosity about this building incident, subscribed bc you chill af and I love this engineering content xD

[@marcosmota1094]

They interviewed the building manager from 1995-2000, he was constantly pumping water out and replacing pumps. Problem was bad when the tides changed.

[@coolpix222]

Water pooling in the garage could indicate that ground water. The water could have been displacing sand, soil, or whatever material is underneath the garage as water level rises and drops. If this happened at low tide, then it could be that the water displaced a little more material. And this time the hole was big enough to cause columns to finally give way. This is a single point of failure problem. Those 3 columns could have all failed at the same time with a sink hole. I don't think corrosion is the root cause. The pictures of the spalling don't look great but don't look catastrophic. Corrosion is unlikely to make several columns fail within a second. If this were a collapse over a day or two, I could beleive corrosion. With the video of rescuers in the garage, they should be able to see if those 3 beams broke or not. That would be really good data.

[@MrJamyang24]

I beg to disagree. The three principal column lines were most likely weakened over decades and with one column crumbling, the immediate transfer of the load to the remaining two compromised columns would cause instant collapse.

[@coolpix222]

@@MrJamyang24 if you think that. Then clearly the design must have been flawed. That would be bad engineering practice. Two columns should have no trouble holding up the 1 failure, at least for a while. Yes, there is evidence of corrosion, but consider that columns are over engineered to handle much more load than required and there should be evidence of rapid deterioration when heading to failure. These things don't just suddenly snap. The rusting metal needs to blow out big chunks of concrete before such failure. Someone would have noticed if deterioration continued over time. I wouldn't rush to what you think is likely, but to think about what could have happened. Think single point of failure with cascading failures. I would hate to think that corrosion may lead to imminent failure or else there are many building that are about to drop. If that were the case, every structure by the beach is in big trouble and people should be worried.

[@MrJamyang24]

Yes, the design was clearly flawed! Factors of safety were inadequate to compensate for the aggressive corrosive effects and the poor understanding of the soil mechanics. The 2018 survey found serious damage to the structural integrity due to corrosion in many of the structural components . With chronic corrosion at the lower levels of the column outer line, buckling and eccentricity loading burst these three columns for the expected reasons cited in 2018 Survey. The facade sunk and tore most of the rest of the building with it as it experienced forces never intended to be felt by the surrounding structural components Basically, all the columns at lower levels had weakened and could not carry the additional loads caused by the spectacular failure of just one.

[@coolpix222]

To be honest, I think corrosion is not good and spalling is not good. But, based on seeing the video and other evidence, my professional opinion is that there was a catastrophic event that took place in the middle of the parking lot at those columns. And certainly corrosion could be a contributing factor. But as I hear today that there was construction next door in 2015, and complaints of structural problems to the south tower as a possible result, that is what I listing is the top of the list for root cause, 2nd is failure to understand the water problem in the garage. Water up and down with the tides should have been a massive red flag. That could only mean bad news and something people cannot see. They needed to bring in sensors to check the ground beneath. Probably it was next suspected nor checked. Flowing water leads to erosion and thus could have left a void, as I call it a sink hole. The up and down displacement would have moved the ground under it. The question is how long has that been happening? If for a long time, its not likely the construction next door. I believe that spalling and corrosion are the result of something else. It is possible that those beams were sinking and thus spalling appeared followed by corrosion. They could also be two independent problems. Corrosion is extremely unlikely to lead to a catastrophic event in this case. Many people would have saw big chucks of concrete falling off and often before the columns just give way. But as someone said, the beams on the fallen part were much smaller. That could mean it didn't have the load margins that the other side had. So, it could be a few contributing factors and a catastrophic event like a sink hole or void with cascading failures that immediately followed. This isn't going to be hard to figure out one they evaluate that center section of the parking lot and to see if that around sunk in.

[@highdraglowspeed402]

Great video with really good straight forward and clear analysis. Thanks for taking the time out from your vacation to post these videos.

[@rogerwilco2]

I find that in a lot of discussions like this in the USA, there is a lot of focus on the individuals involved. Here in Europe we look more at the systematic problems. Few people get out of bed with the idea of getting some people killed. Can you comment on what might need to change in the system to prevent future problems?

[@BgMasterGames]

Mans doing more work than those self-proclaimed journalists... admires and keep up the good work!

[@alexwyler4570]

i am a plant person. The water leaking shown on a video taken at 1:18am on that tragic night is way too much water to leak out of the planter box. That was a serious "stream". wonder where it came from.

[@windsofmarchjourneyperrytr2823]

I take it you haven't watched my father water tomatoes...lol

[@kroberts8583]

I can watch you all day! Thank you 🙏

[@johnpeters3389]

Curious, for I. T. TYPES. Did the building have security cameras ( especially of parking garage area) and if so is that type of data retrieval possible if on damaged computer.

[@whathappenedtomyYThandle]

Would think anything they have won't release it because of litigation and most is stored in the cloud now or if using a monitoring service retrievable by them.

[@noahhastings6145]

There was some recovered security footage from a camera in one of the units. Didn't show much - dust falling for a few seconds, then cut to black. If there was a building-wide camera system, then data retrieval _could_ be possible if the storage media isn't dust.

[@Xizyx]

FWIW, the original plans indicate the security office is a small room right off the front lobby. If its location hasn't changed, then any recordings from any of the cameras should be there since that part of the building is still standing.

[@Xizyx]

@@peterjszerszen And hopefully the recording device isn't a 1984 era VHS deck that hasn't worked for the past decade, lol.

[@dougc190]

@@noahhastings6145 if you watch that video carefully you can see the room start to sway. scary s***

[@cayrick]

As an ME I find your videos very well done and extremely interesting and informative. Keep them coming as we wade through this investigation.

[@xs10tl1]

When do we talk about the construction next door regarding soils, shoring, piling and dewatering operations?

[@fishydubsfishing6516]

After it falls down

[@billrogers3139]

A previous superintendent that worked for the Condo association said that the water was deep enough where some of the cars floated around in the parking garage. He worked there in 2000-2005

[@hlowrylong]

Not sure anyone mentioned it - but we just had a full moon in FL (I can never sleep well that 2-3 nights) - surely the tides are impacted during different phases, but I wonder if that could have an impact on the collapse? Enjoy your vacation!

[@bennygraham847]

i was saying the exact same thing. and it was a super moon.

[@kevin3434343434]

Yeah this also happened near low tide. If their was a cavity under the building from a washout, the super low tide probably pushed it over the edge.

[@susanadiasjohnson457]

The coach says it all in his comment below. Truly rare to learn so much in each video. You will help the families of victims heal. And for the USA, you will help us believe in honest reporting that leads to justice, thereby helping us heal as well. Thank you.

[@Projekt8020]

Could a sink hole have appeared below the garage and fallen into the hole dragging the second part of the building in with it?

[@Afib95]

I had never seen you before but I’m so glad I have found your page. Thank you so much for your unbiased and factual reporting on this terrible tragedy.

[@tube23113]

In looking at the building plans, on Town of Surfside's web page, it look like the pilings on the section still standing are 24X24. Yet the pilings under the section that fell are listed as 16X16 with the spacing looking the same. Might be something to look into.

[@mikebayless4268]

Wow! Look at the building from Google Maps street view! Lot of rebar visible on balconies and roof area!

[@Jessa-RM]

Lol coming to you from an ironing board at a random hotel, its Josh Porter! Thank you for putting in the time and work to educate us, no matter where you are

[@Lupis179]

I hear the local real state and developers are well aware of what they call "sick buildings ", because many were builded in those times with ocean sand

[@geowhjr]

Off topic a little, but insights into just what costs you potentially sign up for when buying a condo here is interesting. It was reported repair costs assessments were approx. $80,000 for a one-bedroom unit to $330,000 or so for a penthouse, to be paid all at once or in installments. This on top of yearly condo fees here at $900 monthly and up, as well as around 2% property taxes. The smaller 1200 ft2 units were going for around $700k. Penthouses were up to 4500 ft2.

[@Frankyouknow]

Thank you for your expertise.

[@robertbissett]

Great to hear from a knowledgeable professional rather than some reporter or politician or engineer who has not really looked into it. I'm subscribed and all ears.

[@ian_b]

To my amateur eyes, it's the facade above the leftmost of the three "planter" columns that fails first.

[@paigerausch6565]

Which is where the 3 columns are that Josh circled, and the area around/behind them might not have been visible until the planters would removed. The HOA failed the residents(themselves).

[@marcoc348]

First of all I wanna say enjoy your vacation but at the same time I want to thank you for your knowledge on the health and history of the building. Big thank you from Phoenix

[@thomasstecyk792]

I have to ask, how much of that nine million dollars for repairs would have gone for actual structural integrity. If the maintenance were done would it have supported the building and prevented the collapse? If it would not have prevented the collapse then the building would have collapsed with nine million dollars worth of upgrades.

[@zKsery]

>If the maintenance were done would it have supported the building and prevented the collapse? Hmm this is what im wondering too. As per the report by that engineer in 2018, the slab that goes from under the pool all the way to under the building was being weakened. So I guess they would have had to put something in place to keep the structure of the building maintained because the report said the entire slab would need to be replaced since it has *already* significantly deteriorated. From putting it all together (including the report from the lady who was on the phone to her sister when it happened..... The lady on the phone to her sister (this lady wouldve effectively been above the pool in one of those close to the pool condos, said that "pool was sinking". Given that slab goes from the pool directly under the building where she would've been. which also lines up with how the building collapsed on the video.... The slab failed (but not fully) but we can see the area around the pool has failed, and that the pool area has been lowered during the collapse. I guess the slab was strong enough to resist a "light" pool, but could not stop the dynamic loads of the moving building and disintegrated. But it would appear the failure originated from this slab where water would pool.

[@leebee1100]

I could listen and watch you poke holes and highlight mistakes in engineering plans/drawings all day long. I’d recommend you try a series based on engineering drawing critiques and/or failures + advances of code. Great content! Nice presentation. Thanks for high quality content ☺️👍

[@Momojojo-1225]

Informative! Thanks!

[@prismaticspace4566]

Glad to see such professional analysis of this event pushed up by youtube recommendation system. Sorry for the lost lives. Never thought of such tragedy happening in such a beautiful place, but after watching this video it seems it could happen anywhere. I'm just grateful for every day I have lived.

[@PMStacker72]

Enjoy yourself bro 🤘🏼 well catch up with you when you get back! Enjoy 🤘🏼

[@NickanM]

Hey, if you know Josh personally IRL, thank him so much from Northern Sweden! He is excellent at explaining things I had absolutely NO prior knowledge of. 😎👍

[@senorloco811]

Morabito Engineers identified the problem in their report. They stated that the pool deck hadn't been laid to a fall and combined with a failed water proof membrane, the slabs structural integrity was compromised. The weakest spot on the pool deck is likely where there is ponding where the slab had sagged, discernible by the damp pavers near the swimming pool. This area corresponds with the largest span of the slab between narrow columns that have punched through the slab. Additional loading from a likely saturated planter next to the building combined with pooling water found the weak spot; the rusted out connections between slab and columns. The North Tower pool deck has been rennovated. Let's hope they caught it before that structure was compromised by water ingress.

[@elaineg7443]

Bingo!

[@tomfresh9478]

Odds of finding anyone still alive at this point is very slim, there is thousands of tons of concreate in that pile. If they did not get crushed...... death by suffocation, lack of water, bleeding out is very great. All I offer is the truth ....... Nothing more.....

[@sallyturner1669]

There was a earthquake in CA years ago where several levels of highway collapsed onto each other. They found people alive a week later. There’s always hope and that keeps families going.

[@roccobrunetti2435]

I'm so sorry for all those lost, and the families impacted by this tragedy. I'm watching videos like this to help me understand why constructions failures happen and be more aware when I'm on construction sites. In your previous video you identified what you thought were Post Tension Tendons. Those were likely electrical conduits running within the decks. P-T Tendons, whether Uniform or Banded would be in groups for a multi-story building as they act as beams to carry the slab load. You would only find single tendons in home construction for slab on grade concrete to mitigate cracking. The foundation plan in this video is interesting in that the section of the building that did not fail is separated from the sections that failed by what looks like a shear wall at the elevator core. That would lead me to believe that the shear walls (basically long support structures like one long column) did their job in holding up that section of the building. One could deduce that column failure (for whatever reason) around the ramp and separated by that shear wall caused the failure of those other sections. Also, if you have ever been in a parking structure as cars drove by you would notice a bounce in the structure, this bounce causes a cyclical type load, so the load on those columns near the ramp is not static. Cyclical loads are more critical to the overall integrity of the structure.

[@RollerCoasteraddict]

Hey Building Integrity, A previous manager from the building recently explained that YES every high tide the Parking Garage would flood with water, He said it was a constant issue and they tried to use pumps to remove the water but could not keep up with the levels & yes it was Sea Water! here is the video the former manager speaks towards the end ... kzbin.info/www/bejne/nZmalKGPbLWegrc

[@RollerCoasteraddict]

@Oh Happy Day Because they paid a ton for the condo & also could possibly have a signed agreement or something along those lines keeping them there, I know for a fact they were paying $800 for + amount of years to cover "maintenance" which we now know is BS & someone was pocketing the money.

[@scofab]

Thanks for taking the time to give us these clear and no BS explanations, much appreciated... and a thousand times better than the "news" (MSM). Enjoy your vacation!