Yamnaya: Faces of the Indo-Europeans

[@floridabogjig3898]

I'm secretly watching this while my students are at recess.

[@angamaitesangahyando685]

@88wolf14 Funny that you say that. Genetics is a ball of hissing snakes which every person is Asia is interested in (not scientifically). It is the feature of the Western civ that we mock Hans Günther, and instead derive our lineage not from fairy tales (as every Asian does, from India to Korea) but from some hard scientific alleles. When our population goes the way of the dodo, nobody will give a dam about science anymore, and everyone will return to fairy tales (see the out of India hypothesis, see Tangun, see the Scythians were Turks hypothesis). I'm sorry if I'm writing too confused, I'm Asian, after all. You must thank me for not capitalising every word xdd - Adûnâi

[@raiden6156]

Redpill your student

[@tadficuscactus]

Based teacher!

[@floridabogjig3898]

@@tadficuscactus I often refer to my class as a koryos and I use Odin's spear as a symbol of my authority, eventhough I'm a devout Christian.

[@unclediggie6559]

That's what I'm talking about.

[@cerverg]

They looked like typical gopniks. Just give them an Adidas tracksuit and you won't be able to tell them apart

[@dropanukeonusaagain6606]

"They looked like typical gopniks. " just bad and wrong reconstruction

[@cddcdd7927]

Nope. Typical gopnik usually bears obvious traces of degeneration and different addictions on the face And these guys look really strong and healthy

[@maestro4086]

Nice flag is that Bulgaria?

[@dropanukeonusaagain6606]

@@cddcdd7927 We don’t know what they looked like. The pictures from this video are pure fantasy, especially the one where some tattooed man stands half-naked in clothes made of skins that partially cover his body. The only thing that is historical here is the image of Kernosov Idol, but it can be interpreted in different ways. And it is difficult to understand how people looked and the image itself could be schematic or it could be some kind of "god" or something else. For example, on the territory of modern Serbia, there is the Lepenski Vir, which is a site of Mesolithic hunters excavated in 1965. There is an image of a man with the head of a fish carved into stone.

[@allstar9622]

Lol, actually no. The left one can give some “Cossack” vibe just because of his bread and haircut.

[@hudsonbakke8836]

I am proud to be directly descended from a literal ancient culture of giga-chads.

[@RPM1776]

Same

[@hugemuscletube8582]

How you accomplished that?

[@Thulesmann]

@@hugemuscletube8582 His Ancestors accomplished it for him, which means that he also accomplished it because he literally is his Ancestors (because obviously all of his genes come from them) in their current living manifestation. Whether that means that he is also a giga-Chad depends on whether that ancestral quality is dormant in him or if it has been awakened and developed to its full potential by his own efforts.

[@mudshovel289]

Everyone in the world is.

[@jagosevatarion8822]

@@mudshovel289 Not really.

[@kimberlyperrotis8962]

I think one factor that is often overlooked in deforestation is the tremendous amount of wood required for roasting, smelting and refining metalliferous ores and metal working, often in charcoal form (to reach higher temperatures), in which vast amounts of wood are greatly reduced in quantity by the charcoal-making process. This was more of a factor in the Iron Age (charcoal-temperature heating is required to smelt iron), but I don’t think it was insignificant in the early Bronze age, either. Large parts of Europe, like Greece, were deforested beginning early in the Bronze Age and remain so today. The resulting erosion of topsoil makes it an irreversible process on the human time scale. Wood wasn’t just for shelters, transport technologies, cooking and warmth/light any more, but was required for competitive tools and mostly, weapons.

[@lba6859]

When the eastern slavic tribes first time came to the vast Eastern European Plain which was covered by dense forests, the ancestors of today's Russians, Ukrainians, Belorussians and Polish used the old method of slash-and-burn wood (подсечно-огневое земледелие in Russian), where the trees were chopped and the field was burnt for farming. Slavic people were heavily dependent on farming and as other indo-europeans followed the traditions of seasonal calendar. Unlike Western Europe luckily today yiy can still see some forests in Eastern Europe

[@uzgirisuz]

😅😅😅😅😅

[@uzgirisuz]

😅😅😅😅😅 😅😅😅

[@uzgirisuz]

😅

[@bertknobloch114]

also glas production played a big role in deforestation.

[@BradyStiff]

Great work as always. The Yamnaya lookin like absolute gigachads.

[@fredriks5090]

Odin got his horse from Loki. I suspect horsemanship stems from the time when the steppe reached all the way to SHETLAND during the dryness of the north sea. Ariel and Grendel is canonically DANish because poseiDON and nepDWNE has their etymologic roots in "drowned by water", - which of course the westernmost edge of the eurasian horse-steppe has been.

[@am9359]

Still some Midlanders & Northies (and Gaelics) looking a bit like that too.

[@your_belief_vs_everything]

@@am9359 Not the Welsh lol. I say that as a Welsh descendant.

[@pendragonU]

@@am9359 No one look like them anymore, not even themselves looked like their direct ancestors in the Mesolithic. There are some individuals who once in a while have retro traits even from Neanderthal cousins, but they are rare like only a handful in a million. Looking like a Kurgan in skull or face would give anyone a very rustic look, even primitive. Which you can see in some Human groups like Aboriginals or American Natives still in Stone Age Hunter-gatherers lifestyles. Pastoralism and specially Dairy and farming did progressively changed their morphology, still we continue evolving after all

[@am9359]

@@pendragonU Maaaate... Settle down.

[@therealmcgoy4968]

Indo Europeans were literally chads

[@angelmiau8445]

Giga chads

[@angelmiau8445]

6:00

[@gothia6515]

"Yamnaya" sounds too eastern-asiatic. I vote for "Proto-Chads" instead.

[@DeVolksrepubliek]

@@gothia6515Eastern Asiatic? Fuck does that mean

[@DeVolksrepubliek]

Brainrot

[@SonoftheAllfather]

Based Yamnaya cheekbones.

[@SonoftheAllfather]

@Veni 卐 Vidi 卐 Vandali Funny you mentioned. I am uploading a video right now. It's a long one.

[@KaiserTheAdversary]

One of the few channels where I allot the time to actually sit down and focus on the video rather than just listening to it in the background. Very informationally dense and *very* worth it.

[@Misanthropic-King]

This is one of your absolute best documentaries. I’ve become fascinated with Proto-Indo European history because of your work. Thank you and keep doing what you do

[@voskreglavincevska3651]

@Rigel I like the theory of Indieuropean because Europe was deep in ice when other civilisation were in high level . I dont like only "The Greek culture" as expresion , in which we are forced to have it in the history table ! Because all it was transmision of Hindu culture . The legendary Kadmo and his sister Europe is not Greek mythology at all .

[@your_belief_vs_everything]

@Rigel wah....you want to be us so badly. Even leftist anthropologists of the Boas school acknowledge that Indo European people are a distinct group that share genetic, cultural, language and land. Skip rocks crackpot.

[@jayakrishnan26]

@@voskreglavincevska3651 nope not hindu culture..Hindu culture is a mix of Indus valley civilization's beliefs and Aryan beliefs..Aryans who invaded India were descendants of proto Indo Europeans

[@voskreglavincevska3651]

@@jayakrishnan26 Aha , thank you ! I was always wandering what is European and what is it Hindi and what is Indoeuropeans as mixture! OK ! Mixtures of Arian and Hindi cultures made us Indueuropeans . In languages but hindi people are something else ! Logically ?! But Greeks are not arians ! They are to much mixed with Arabs and Egyptians ! They are still some kind of amalgam making troubles to Europe to be united together with bulgarian ( tatar ones ) together traped in Europe !!! You canot make mix with Guptians and Tatarian ! You cannot put pagan mentality into European mentality . That is why unification of Europe will be very hard . They are pushing you back in the pagan times . Greek haplogroup is not just like that clasified as group of non Europeans traped in Mediteranean by gambling and pirates operating ! All mosaics found there are with european faces , but they are calling them greeks . Even they have reconstructed Filip of Makedon with european face , but they are happy " he was Greek" ! Jus imagine how they hate North macedonians because they are Europeans ! And you are expecting the world's history to be honest history !

[@jayakrishnan26]

@@voskreglavincevska3651 they're called Indo Europeans coz proto Indo Europeans spread to Europe and to India in ancient times...the ones who reached India in 1500BC wrote rig Veda and adopted many aspects of Indus valley Gods and religious practices..original God of Aryans was Indra who has similar power and status as Thor, zeus etc of European paganism..this means Indian Aryans and European pagans are descendants of a single group of people which we call as proto Indo Europeans... Aryans who came to India created caste system to stop intermixing of Aryans with indus valley people..indus valley people were black and ugly as per Aryan texts ...so Aryans wanted to keep their racial purity and decided to create caste system to subjugate the defeated black indus valley people....

[@LizardYup]

Watching this before bed. For learning about paganism and Indo-European history this channel is among the best. I never realised the common similarities the Indo-Europeans from all corners have to each other.

[@tyrlant2189]

Who else is there?

[@kennethgoldie5257]

@@tyrlant2189 Check out Dan Davis, similar topics in more of a story telling format

[@RogerTheil]

For many this one of the main "open secret" redpills.

[@alphamale7489]

What you think is a dragon is a Scythian winged snake

[@davidus9702]

@@jamess1958 Varg's paganism has no historical basis, it's just his and his wife's personal gnosis. I am not claiming that all they say is wrong, just that they are fixated on a singular cult and they took it out of proportions to the point of it being rightfully refer to as a neopagan cult, like wicca for instance. I encourage people to follow other, non Cachet works on paganism, especially comparative mythologists like Dumezil and O'Gravy. Cheers.

[@dima.slavyanin.I2a1]

Here in Serbia we have a lot of Burial Mounds (Курган in Serbian), there are also maps where they are located. Most of them are in the province of Vojvodina, there are hundreds of them, but they are not protected and not all of them have been researched. Unfortunately some were damaged and the couple was robbed. Thanks to good people, most have been preserved.

[@pickxd2035]

We also have a lot of mounds in Volgograd, but they are guarded and you can get a prison sentence for illegal looting of a mound.

[@pickxd2035]

@Marlo Kartel На ком језику ћете дати одговор на српском, руском или енглеском?

[@henrik3775]

We got Illyrian mounds too in Albania. They are made of stone. They are in very remote places hard to reach.

[@frostflower5555]

Serbia has a lot of ancient and forgotten graveyards. Not sure why no-one is checking for DNA.

[@frostflower5555]

@Marlo Kartel Truth about what?

[@kartikshiroya2270]

Even milk was considered as primary diet from ancient India to till date and cattle were considered as an asset of the kingdom

[@Railshorts-]

Yes, in Hindu religion it is followed till date.

[@TheEnderPearl]

These values are reflected in the Hindu religion to this date

[@himanshugurjar9002]

Most hindus r lactose intolerant. Only few castes can digest milk. Jats, gujjars, bhumihars, some rajputs, some brahmins in north India. ​@@Railshorts-

[@techystt]

​@@himanshugurjar9002they also have the highest ANI admixtures.

[@toohdvaetihom7088]

Beef was also a main diet in Vedic people. There are hymns of sacrificing cows for Indra.

[@starwreck]

The wait is over at last! Excited to see this.

[@yugster78]

Yes need more on bronze age and prehistoric Indo-Europeans very overlooked subject.

[@sunsolar2138]

I live in the Don steppes and there are many mounds (Курган in russian) here. It is so strange to pass by these mounds and realize their importance, their antiquity.

[@nerysghemor5781]

I wonder how the kurgans compare to, say, the mounds created by the Native Americans in the midwestern USA? The Cahokia Mounds, for instance.

[@sunsolar2138]

@@nerysghemor5781 Well, I think it's generally instinctive for humanity. like to return a person to earth. and wasn't Cahokia the foundation for a government building, so that it would be on top? like a pyramid

[@nerysghemor5781]

@@sunsolar2138 Don't know...could be! I didn't come from a culture with that particular practice though, so I guess I never really thought it through. BTW hope you are safe...are you in the Donbas/Crimea areas?

[@author7027]

Sun Solar you talk like you were not educated about your people's history at all

[@sunsolar2138]

@@author7027 was exactly what they taught. Archaeologists came to our school and took us to museums. I mean, it's the weight of the ages that's fascinating, dude.

[@johnbackster3734]

This is genuinely THE best channel for looking into ancient history on a genetic level. Your information is brilliant, well sourced, and the video presentation is equally entertaining and informative. This is genuinely some of the best educational content on the internet. I just want to thank you for helping me rub off some of the inherent feeling of amnesia I feel like all humans have and connect to some of my ancient ancestors.

[@didntknoicouldchangethis]

Because you have mentioned ancient information on a "genetic", level, I want to ask you if you have some information that I have been looking for lately...do you know what the best dna test a layman like me could have, that relates to THESE times in history...I'm talking like 6-10,000 yes ago...I have always wondered about this, and I have always wished that there were markers that the testing company would use, from the remains of the Yamnaya, Cucuteni-Trypillia, and other old Indo-European culture folks. It is obvious that I can look back myself for who migrated from where, but actually knowing that I share specific markers with the groups I mentioned, and others, would be very interesting to me. So, have you heard of any people who have had a test like this? I surely do not, but you sound interested in this kind of thing, so I figured that I'd ask...have a great day!

[@Kampfwageneer]

bump.

[@johnbackster3734]

@@didntknoicouldchangethis Im not certain of tests because personally I don’t feel comfortable giving my genetic information to companies, so I haven’t spent time giving them an honest look over. However because of some quality record keeping by my ancestors. I can trace my lineage back to europe on both sides my family tree. My mother (blonde hair and blue eyes)and grandfather(Red Hair/Blue eyes) have both taken tests on Ancestry, they are both of almost entirely Scottish and Norwegian stock. My Fathers side of the family has some excellent record keeping and he can trace his ancestors back to Norway, Scotland, and Ireland. Now since I’m not willing to give my genetic information to a company personally the closest I can get to knowing is by looking at studies that indicate the amount of Yamnaya admixture that is present in the genetics of the countries my ancestors hail from. With this knowledge, and even some of my physical features(light hair, Green eyes, Light skin, above average height, and even the fact I can consume dairy in mass amounts with no real negative effects ) I can presume that I do have at least have some connection to them. Sadly I don’t know the best test, but in my opinion if you know what European countries you and your ancestors descend from than you can heavily imply your admixture of ancient genetics using widely available studies on demographics in these countries.

[@johnbackster3734]

@@didntknoicouldchangethis so after doing some reading on these companies that provide genetic testing 23andMe and Ancestry can both offer you a wealth of information on your family history and Demographic. In my reading I found it very interesting that they can actually provide you with details of not only your broad genetic make up, but they can even imply which region within the larger demographic you descend from. If you are looking for some solid information 23andMe and Ancestry both provide a wealth of details about the genetics of your ancestors. That being said I’m not sure what they do with your information after 🤷‍♂️.

[@cyberedge881]

I agree, and we all need to feel that connection with our ancestors.

[@ty88]

Thank you for adding levity, but not being obnoxious. Thank you for not shying away from our ancestry. Thank you for crediting the artists at the end.

[@Boric78]

Great vid - pulling togther a lot of stuff I read and watched with the latest research all in one place. I congratulate KZbins fav Indo European Historian on a job excellently done. Very impressive work.

[@gazozbanana]

I had to drink a cup of milk after this.

[@whistlingwhistler9583]

Raw milk. If you want to be a giga chad you also have to eat everything raw, including meat and organs. Extremely nutrient dense. If you bombard your body full of nutrients from raw animal products you will find yourself to become an eventual giga chad. Only time can prove this, why not start today?

[@steffen5121]

Cheers 🥛

[@agrotta1650]

Milk products, my favorite food 😊

[@Afrologist]

Mate those facial reconstructions are INSANE! Finally a reconstruction of ancient Europeans that actually looks realistic and not a thinly veiled attempt to make Neolithic peoples look like Subsaharans with pretty eyes.

[@dropanukeonusaagain6606]

"Europeans that actually looks realistic" I would not say so, they are trying to give them some southern European features, while most of them had a North European appearance and descended from the East European Cro-Magnons

[@Afrologist]

@@dropanukeonusaagain6606 I don't think it's Southern European as much as it's trying to be true to genetic findings; however, the fact that recessive depigmentation in skin and hair genes was already present in their genome indicates that we should probably be more generous with describing them with more traditional Northern European features. As it stands, I'm just glad that they look European and not some revisionist mockery like the reconstruction of Christ and Cheddar Man.

[@stephencampbell2735]

@@AfrologistYes. I second this. They were pretty clear how they went about reconstructing those faces, and it was not by throwing different features together as they felt were needed, it was a precise process

[@stephencampbell2735]

@@agabrielrose the individual may decide for themselves what theories to subscribe to, but the people attempting to reconstruct ancient faces go through a process of anthropological and genetic examination, and just because the result looks more European than what was previously asserted doesn't mean this was done for nefarious reasons. But the reverse might be true of those who assert the opposite...

[@Alias_Anybody]

I think people might be confusing something here - European hunter gatherers from a few millennia before the Yamnaya were generally darker skinned than the Yamnaya, just like they were darker skinned than a lot of their descendents. There's a clear evolutionary process going on here.

[@SamtheIrishexan]

Its pretty interesting to note that a large amount of human history was influenced by the steppe on multiple occasions. From these ancient cultures to the Scythians and Mongols and more! Being an American I have been searching for sites of Clovis or Pre-Clovis. Found a flint factory basically on a friends ranch. Pulled a broken Clovis and a Folsom point. We are waiting on the state to come inspect it before we dig!

[@bruhmcchaddeus413]

kievan rus was founded by a swede named rurik, swedes were last germanics to leave scandinavia (as all germanics originated from there), Swedes were a small ruling class over slavs. Common east slavic names like vladmir comes from swedes. Russia didnt steal history, everything u wrote got no backing and ukraine, russia was same lol First rus empire was called kievan rus and people living there are descendants of that@@StryKhymorodnyk

[@Qvadratus.]

@@StryKhymorodnyk probably it is not just Russia, its all so called Indo-Europeans. all major Universities belongs to them. so no wonder we don't see Turks anywhere or other ethnic groups. I suspect there is a lot ignored/swept under a rug. everything what contradicts "aryan superiority".

[@Chikengrip1717]

@@StryKhymorodnykmany words for the word wheel are native to Steppe so yes the wheel was probably invented there

[@RealVedicAstrology]

Finally I found someone else thinking the same thing as me, it’s very interesting to see that virtually all the steppe peoples for their entire several thousand year history were very warlike. It’s also interesting that they were able to conquer such huge areas of agriculturalists or hunter gatherers with such small population numbers. Most of the large and most populous empires of Eurasia from China to Europe to India are descended from the steppe peoples and were populated by them. But actually it’s not only in Eurasia that nomadic pastoralists have left such a huge mark, in Africa the Bantu people were mostly nomadic pastoralists and they spread across Africa and most Africans today are descended from them.

[@mace1633]

Don’t let ‘em steal your artifacts

[@FortressofLugh]

Great work putting this together, Tom. All the best to you and yours.

[@La-meiga-celtibera]

I love your channel too. Great content!

[@GiantBoarMonster]

I began watching this on a whim and had to watch the entire thing. Endlessly fascinating.

[@niklask8753]

@Algotnis yeah he deletes lies

[@niklask8753]

@Algotnis which lies?

[@baldrodinsson5961]

You give better lectures than most university professors. I very much enjoy your channel, thank you for the great content.

[@sidritqafzezi3958]

If this documentary is so good then why doesn't mention the Hittites, which were the first IE speaking civilisation and meanwhile they had no Yanmaya ancestry.

[@farfandelosgodos1681]

@@sidritqafzezi3958 It does.

[@kapkasper712]

lol

[@MD-hy9jv]

I can't thank you enough for your videos. In a world where Europeans are denied the most basic parts of cultural and ancestral celebrations by being called racist etc for it, the information you put out certainly helps us.

[@bmr4566]

yes, us poor. europeans, but don't worry there is the courts that will tend to that, and then plagues and disease and death and extinction and then....oh look we Europeans win...other spies just go extinct. Oh and i don't care.

[@Bolognabeef]

Nobody is doing nothing to you, you're even free to study this stuff in uni stop trying to be a victim so bad we already have enough victims

[@DaisyMaeMoses]

You are correct. I thank all my Indo European ancestors for the rich culture, language and civilizations that we are heirs to no matter how far back in history they are. They existed and the ice baiters can’t refute that!

[@cannabico6621]

Is racism one of the most basic parts of european culture? Y'know, the old notions of being a "superior race" in comparison to others, colorism and eurocentrism, is that what you are being denied? Pathetic.

[@Lichenroc]

The Yamnaya are not only the ancestors to Europeans.

[@patrickmccartney7544]

As an archaeologist, historical linguist, and anthropologist I love this channel. But it's the based cameos that I really come for.

[@prisonmike781]

What university did you get your historical linguistics degree in? If you don't mind telling

[@amanb8698]

The Hittites were an Indo-European people, Hittite was an Indo-European language, so it only makes sense they got the technology from the Yamnaya origin, and that the ideas were from there.

[@josephpeck8723]

The Hittites were Indo-European? I did not know that, I thought they were more akin to the peoples of the Middle East.

[@amanb8698]

@@josephpeck8723 No they were Indo-Europeans, they came from the Anatolian Indo-Europeans. Also there was a Celtic group that settled in Anatolia as well called Galatians yes like the Gaels, Gauls, Galacians, etc. The Hittites fought wars against middle eastern groups but also worked with some. DNA wise they were probably descended from mainly Anatolian and Neolithic Farmers whom were conquered by Indo-Europeans who brought the language, customs, etc.

[@josephpeck8723]

@@amanb8698 Interesting, I did not know that about the Hittites being Indo-European (I did recall the Galatians being of Celtic stock though.)

[@zagortenay33]

The Hittites were not predominantly Indo-European people. The Hittites were mixed with Hatti people who were native Anatolian. They were probably also mixed with other peoples of Near East.

[@amanb8698]

@@zagortenay33 Yeah thats what I was trying to get at. I forgot their name the Hattites. The Hittites were what they became after adopting Indo-European culture and language, but genetically still the same Anatolian Stock in majority.

[@Thekoryosmenstribepodcast]

I have been waiting impatiantly for this 🪓⚔

[@lumethecrow2632]

"Ulfhednar Njalsson"

[@Thekoryosmenstribepodcast]

@@lumethecrow2632 Correct sir.

[@038Dude]

I'm been having severe concetration issues lately, but your videos really captivate me and help me focus somewhat. I'm very glad that I found your channel, thank you!

[@dianastevenson131]

I thoroughly recommend Prof. David Anthony's book "The Horse, the Wheel and Language" if anyone is interested in this topic. Published by Yale University Press, 2007. Prof Anthony appears several times in this video.

[@zach2655]

Seconded. Amazing book that combines multiple lines of evidence (archaeological, linguistic, genetic) to tell the story of early Yamnaya origins and expansion

[@sidritqafzezi3958]

Well, it's an old book. 2007 is too obsolete. According to recent genetic research, there wasn't yet found any Yanmaya steppe ancestry on the people of the Hittite empire during the bronze age. Hittites were an IE-speaking people. Also their Ydna until now doesn't show any supposed R1b or R1a of the patrilineal lineages of the Yanmaya.

[@cesarperez10]

@@sidritqafzezi3958 Exactly, yes. beat me to it.

[@Angry3000]

Moreover, recent y-dna studies reveal Yamnaya is R1b. And PIE is R1a

[@dianastevenson131]

@@Angry3000 The book is about the spread of language and culture, not genetics. I'm sure it's still well worth reading.

[@jabowery]

This is what got me to become a patron. This kind of high production quality educational content from a jive-free source is very valuable. I've got questions too, of course, and, again, even though I've got a strongly held general narrative for prehistoric Europeans, I like being challenged on it by a relatively unbiased academic of integrity.

[@borber5872]

he speaks about hungarian magyar

[@jabowery]

@L. Well as one of the I1 haplogroup it _has_ always struck me that you gangstas should get back to where you once belong. lol

[@jabowery]

@L. the last two responses from you gangsta boys both ended with LOL so were you serious then? Are you serious now? Heh.. And don't get me started on whose skin is darker around here boy. Don't you know that I1 is more closely related to Western hunter-gatherer whose skin is darker than yours undoubtedly? And we WHGs ain't no gangstas. That's why we tend to lose out when we let gangstas into our societies ... until we don't. "lol"

[@jishnujha2007]

@@jabowery hello weirdo

[@jabowery]

@@jishnujha2007 Hello, beta minus.

[@NoName-lo9ym]

Tyson Fury and Oleksii Novikov look like mirror images of the Yamnaya phenotype (albeit Fury is more ginger and both are obviously a bit lighter). Crazy the faces of ancient ancestors live on with us to this day.

[@danielsalinas6683]

Vladimir Putin does as well

[@rickkey4226]

Back in the days of the Soviet Union, a group of artist and scientist forensic reconstructors used a Neanderthal skull for facial recovery. It turned out a dead ringer for Brezhnev.

[@ousarlxsfjsbvbg8588]

Lol

[@HUNdAntae]

Funny you saying nomadic steppe peoples were superior in terms of gastrointestinal diseases. I'm Hungarian and until i moved to England, I didn't even know lactose intolerance existed in Europeans. I literally grew up being stuffed by dairy, especially yoghurt, sour cream and boiled cottage cheese curds (túró/twarog) which is just as omnipresent in Hungarian cuisine as paprika.

[@apo.7898]

People who are lactose intolerant can consume cheese and yogurt or e.g. kumis or ayran etc. Btw, Ancient Greeks (incl. the so called Mycenaeans) also used the term tyros < turos (whatever its origins are) and probably most of them did not have the mutations which are considered responsible for the lactose persitant phenotype.

[@TheAriyanka]

Same story . I thought it was exaggeration

[@jacobandrews2663]

From Australia, to Norway, to Canada, to Latin America, to South Africa.... these guys conquered and populated the planet. Impressive folk. Imagine having that much drive for exploration

[@jordz6795]

And then having your descendants scolded by lesser people in academia who are secretly envious of all this glorious history.

[@jacobandrews2663]

@@jordz6795 Ok... you're one of those.. What you guys ought to understand, is that you personally didn't do jack for western civilization. You can be happy you belong to it and respect your elders and ancestors. I love the fact that western civilization is a thing but I don't wallow in someone else's laurels; most of the success of the yamnaya people and their descendants is due to the fact that they adapted and successfully integrated into all manner of environment that they encountered. They didn't get stuck in the past, rather, they moved forward.

[@jacobandrews2663]

@@ario4795 So? What does that have to do with my comment? I didn't say anything against ancestor worship.

[@jacobandrews2663]

@@ario4795 I actually think is quite healthy for societies to have a continued interest in their elders, as opposed to what usually goes on currently with all the ageism in every aspect of society.

[@jacobandrews2663]

@@ario4795 are you some 16 yo edgelord? Well, the same can be said about your own comment. The point is to engage in the exchange of ideas as it relates to the topic of the video in question. I made the clarification to explain that your counter-argument of "they also worshiped ancestors" didn't apply to what I was saying.

[@DanielColageo]

"They knew how to Respecc Wamen." Fantastic. I love this video

[@jeromemartinez5603]

Thank you, these are my ancestors and I use your videos to relate to some tribes people that we all come from tribes, the info is appreciated and breaks down imposed political barriers and bias, all of our cultures are rich in similarities, in so many ways we are all brethren

[@agrotta1650]

Amen

[@agrotta1650]

I guess we're extremely distant cousins 😊

[@Boss70305]

This feels so professional, and I’m happy to have found your channel many years ago. I have gained so much knowledge about my peoples past from your videos, and you have made me appreciate the barrows, gravefields and runestones around me. This will always be my favorite history channel.

[@scottcrawford1104]

This channel does such a good job of including interesting, colorful, and yet relevant graphics and art work. Love what you do

[@hektorgiacomelli7161]

Tom is one of the last true Historians out there. As a Historian myself, i can ony congratulate you on this amazing job. Keep at it, mate. Salûts dal Friûl!

[@Survivethejive]

Thank you very much!

[@ia285]

What a cringe comment. "Last true historian" get outta here.

[@hektorgiacomelli7161]

@@ia285 No.

[@greenhorn6582]

What is an "untrue" historian?

[@Bolognabeef]

​@@greenhorn6582one that doesn't feed into these guys belief of racial superiority

[@xxdekuxx362]

All your describtions about the Yamnaya people on this channel actually feels and sounds like you are in fact talking all about today's Central Asians especially about the Mongolians, their way of life & culture that they lived in the past and still live till this very day. Preserving a same culture for over 5000 years till today is absolutelly amazing.

[@dgrszkyp]

Especially Turkic people

[@bjarkiengelsson]

Aren't all Steppe peoples basically living a rehash of the old P.I.E. pastoralist lifestyle? Can't blame them. Makes for solid people and strong culture.

[@groundzero5708]

@@dgrszkyp do turkic people speak languages related to indo aryan languages ,answer no they aren't turks ,turks came later . at the same time the proto IE people had different religions . tukic lanugugae family is different

[@groundzero5708]

@@bjarkiengelsson yes they were it pretty sure the p.i.e mixed with siberian hunter gatheres then u have turks and mongols

[@laconnaissance6273]

I agree

[@Non-Serviam300]

Provided food was abundant, these damn guys must’ve been quite the picture of health, strength, stamina and vigor.

[@tdubz504]

This is my first time seeing one of your videos, and it was absolutely brilliant. I’m completely new to this field of study/interest, but I can promise you this won’t by my last viewing of your content!

[@genoshistoria3487]

You have brought Yamnaya back from the dead! I love it.

[@sammmmmyyyyy]

I’m proud to have genes from Yamnaya people. 💪

[@kreb9721]

Genes are nothing to be proud about. They do not belong to you. You and I are the result of genes copying themselves (riddled with errors). We are just vessels to carry the genes to a suitable mate and reproduce.

[@youngrdx7477]

​@@kreb9721you are right culture and knowledge matters more

[@michaeljosephjackson2364]

​@@Jordi_Llopis_i_Torregrosa96does south asians have yamnaya genes too ?

[@axpowrt3456]

Yes​@@michaeljosephjackson2364

[@ameet2295]

​@@michaeljosephjackson2364yess off course look north indian bigger jawline and and uplifted nasal bone which are yamnaya facial features

[@sirxarounthefrenchy7773]

A minor correction, the plague isn't a virus, it's a bacteria . This was the microbiologist enthusiast moment, see you next week.

[@AlignedHubSeeker]

I'm going to drink some milk RIGHT NOW

[@vik8860]

Get it straight from the milkers boyz....that's the best kind

[@deandeathstrike9398]

As an Austronesian man, im actually fascinated and Amazed with the journey of the fellow Yamnayan by spreading their influences including the languages to every corner of the world. You guys are truly the master of the land

[@deandeathstrike9398]

@@GUTZ420 greetings bror indeed i am an Austronesian Indonesian of Sunda tribe west Java :) and we will welcome you and anyone else with open arms and provide the best hospitality we can offer and we hope you'll enjoy your stay here aswell :)

[@darktyrannosaurus22]

Austronesians are Indo-Europeans of the sea

[@Larrypint]

Trichterbecher Kultur/Funnelbeaker culture has the same relevance for the Indo-European cultures.

[@M414-q6o]

@Swedish Ghostface I mean you got to admit, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_languages#/media/File:Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific_(per_Benton_et_al,_2012,_adapted_from_Bellwood,_2011).png That's quite impressive, they even beat Africans to Madagascar, from more than 6000 KM away.

[@xerxen100]

Unfortunatelly, the Yamnaya wasnt indoeuropean. This is just a theory. But another theory say that the Corded Ware is an Uralic speaker "nation",

[@kartikshiroya2270]

Horse sacrifice is prevalent in ancient India known as Ashwamegh Yagna... It was done to expand the kingdom

[@GermanicConquistador]

Not as prevalent was it was in Europe.

[@WhyNotQMark]

​@@GermanicConquistador you're a German, least Indo-European of them all. So you're not allowed to speak on this matter.

[@GermanicConquistador]

@@WhyNotQMark Does it bother you cause it was prevalent more in Europe than the desert ?

[@theMOCmaster]

the info, the memes and knowledge, everything is so great, keep it up STJ!

[@Survivethejive]

Thanks, will do!

[@potwms99]

This is the best description/explanation of Yamnaya cultural origins that I have seen--succinct yet thorough. Well done.

[@jackholloway1]

Yamnaya went full jawmaxx mewing mode

[@TheRelen222]

Someone pushed the slider all the way to the right in the character creation screen.

[@pieternoordenbos]

What an excellent video.Very thorough and up to date at the moment of me writing this comment. Well done sir!

[@johnbrereton5229]

Knowledge is enlightenment, but the deniers dont want people enlightened, they want to keep them in the darkness. So keep shining the light of knowledge into their darkness.

[@CountGuiscardofGotha]

I think we all know what cultural group those deniers are. They had plenty of neolithic farmer dna as a hint.

[@whistlingwhistler9583]

I know people with this skull shape, honestly. This skull shape is still common and I see it sometimes, they aren't extinct.

[@iykyk000]

I'm Lithuanian and growing up I've consumed soooo much milk. My body always took it so well!

[@ScottJB]

Honestly I've watched this like 5 times. Best video on the subject on YT

[@rohit_parashar]

That CG render was frightening, but once again good content mate, really enjoyable.

[@rohit_parashar]

@Gary Snow I ain't a Brit

[@eho6380]

@Gary Snow No, more like a Georgian.

[@christobalcolon6601]

rendering, n.

[@eho6380]

@@gazthejaz8910 I know, but that doesn't mean that they are not the closest looking people to the Yamnaya we have today.

[@eho6380]

@@gazthejaz8910 What?

[@MrJarl66]

"How dare you!" Best meme so far this year :D

[@daneaxe6465]

Just saw that and had to check comment section! LOL Perfect! Well done!!

[@Typexviiib]

I cracked up. I love a bit of levity midway through a serious topic.

[@jonasolsson1444]

I guess gretards don´t care much for science so they'd miss this. Sad... Great fun! Make Climate-change great again!

[@CrisisApplicationGroup]

Keep making videos. You’re helping us. We need you.

[@JMichaelThames]

If the Yamnaya developed Iron smelting 2000 BCE, and they are believed to be the original speakers of Vedic Sanskrit then why was there no word for iron in the Vedas until 1000 bce?

[@leoalphaproductions8642]

So basically the Yamnaya were gigachads.

[@MJDahling]

@@larshofler8298 lol cope

[@arhamnahata9523]

They were Indians.

[@leoalphaproductions8642]

@@arhamnahata9523 the Indian population descended from multiple waves that date as far back as 50,000 years ago. The first wave group that lived in the subcontinent were most likely ancient Africans that moved north from Africa - disbursing into Europe, Eurasia, and also down to India. The more recent waves of migration were ancient Persians, Central Asians and even Mongol and other asiatic groups.

[@arhamnahata9523]

@@leoalphaproductions8642 bro that’s no secret. The entire humans came from Africans. But there have been research papers that the next big human gene boom occured from India. There are papers which state that 95% of Non-African men has the Indian gene and 94% of Non-African women have the Indian gene. I am talking about the Yamnayas, there were horse riding Indians who completely changed the European DNA which is why the above statistics appear. That is all that I meant. Nothing else

[@leoalphaproductions8642]

@@arhamnahata9523 I’m 90% sure there’s no such paper in existence. If there is a paper that you’ve read - you must’ve misinterpreted the data. Can you provide your sources?

[@edu.santos]

Our ancestors ❤️

[@abhinavchauhan7864]

Our too

[@abhinavchauhan7864]

@WhiteWash but we've still got that yamanaya ancestory

[@theflyingpenguin98]

@@abhinavchauhan7864 Yep. Tbh, it feels great to be descended from two gigachads, the Yamnaya and the Harrapans.

[@abhinavchauhan7864]

@@theflyingpenguin98 lol yes 😃

[@abhinavchauhan7864]

@dash Rex were ?

[@bsgauge7496]

I see a family resemblance to the Klitschko's. Every time i hear about "giants in those days" i think of men like that. A foot taller or more can nearly double the weight especially if well fed. If Vikings weren't so big in pop culture, this kind of content would have vanished long ago.

[@billbartley3007]

The first face shown (45 seconds) is a dead ringer for Tyson Fury.

[@utgardkraft1412]

I always think of Aleksandr Karelin! But of course Klitschko has the look too. My father looks that way aswell but I sadly inherited few of the traits, except height.

[@bsgauge7496]

@@billbartley3007 your so right. I couldn't place it, when it first came out it was buggin the hell outa me. Even before flesh it looked like Fury.

[@carolineletts8963]

@@billbartley3007 11

[@CountGuiscardofGotha]

Why would it vanish?

[@Ildjarnn]

Just found about this channel today! Such an awesome channel. Have you ever heard of a genetic disorder called hemochromatosis? The liver can not process iron, so iron builds up in the body causing organ damage over the lifespan of the individual. I personally and all the men in my family have this genetic disease. It's attributed to Celtics that came from the Pontic steppe. I had found the part of the video about the diet of the Yamnaya interesting since you mentioned lack of Iron in their dairy rich diet. A genetic disease like hemochromatosis might of came from the lack of Iron in a diet. Any ways thank you for the PHD level of work that goes into these videos.

[@adoral.libertucci2647]

Great presentation as usual. Looked forward to this. Love your work.

[@your_belief_vs_everything]

I want to thank you for reawakening the spirit of our people and emboldening more and more individuals to know their ancestors. I'm so happy I found your channel years ago as it has helped me be more proactive and less black-pilled about our modern world. You provide an invaluable service to us as a people and I am so proud every time I watch or listen to your content.

[@adler4357]

I feel the same!

[@adler4357]

@@jmab721 They combined with the IE and produced the most creative, efficient and dominant race on the planet.

[@RoosterNutz12]

@@jmab721 Why?

[@basryttersson7914]

@@jmab721 why should he get deplatformed just because people in his comments write more or less controversial stuff?

[@adler4357]

@@persiansoundsAfg That’s why Norwegians and Latvians have most IE DNA, making them so POC. Try again Saracen.

[@dingus_doofus]

I have definitely seen men with similar facial structures in real life and movies - they were tall too. Their ancestry is still visible today.

[@sophroniel]

That absolutely tracks. My dad is of mostly Swedish & Norwegian and european ancestry in the traditional yamnya areas; he has olive skin that tans to a nut brown; his hair is dark brown-black, and he has grey green-blue eyes, and has always been muscular, with large hands, super long legs and arms, and is 6'4". My mother, by contrast, is of almost exclusively celtic and jewish ancestry; she is freckled, short & very curvy, with wild thick auburn curls, green-blue eyes and is very short. I'm a carrier of ocular albinism, with super pale skin, frecklea, dark blond/reddish chestnut hair, and light blue eyes, and almost 5' 7".

[@csrencz6942]

Spectacular job, wearing my STJ hoodie right now

[@dcyork2703]

Got mine on too 💪🏻

[@fpengelbrecht9314]

The way this guy combines properly researched history with humour and some meme culture is hilarious LOL

[@lumethecrow2632]

The jawlines on these lads

[@Ezkaton]

This presentation is fascinating. Thanks for your effort in putting this video together.

[@Sulaymaniyah21]

as a native Russian speaker, I know many Slavic languages and ancient Slavic languages, in the ancient times and some languages even still to this day: Yamna means a hole as in past sentence and Yama means a hole/pit in present sentence

[@Valerio_the_wandering_sprite]

There's even more. Yama is also the name of the Hindu god ruling over the Underworld (i.e. the ultimate pit).

[@Sulaymaniyah21]

@@Valerio_the_wandering_sprite damn that sounds so awesome

[@Valerio_the_wandering_sprite]

@@Sulaymaniyah21 On top of that, яма is one of the first Russian words I learnt after starting my Bachelor's degree in Linguistics 8 years ago (the first one being огонь) .

[@Sulaymaniyah21]

@@Valerio_the_wandering_sprite nice огонь 🔥🔥

[@ОльгаКостина-н2о]

Дыра это сквозное отверстие. А яма Углубление. Ямная культура получила название по способу захоронения в ямах.

[@kyledavisnorroena]

Great job as expected Thomas.

[@josephanglada4785]

A race of real Men, full of strength and vitality, who took over the world and soon will take over the space too. I don't think any of them would ever even dream of this.

[@birkknut276]

Here in Norway, in the more distant past, the people who lived on the tall mountains were known to be particularly big and strong. From the maps, it looks like Yamnaya admixture is highest in those areas. They also had a strong honor culture in those areas, with frequent murders over small insults, and pronounced hostility to strangers. Telemark is particularly known for this, and the area is missing from many old maps, because they did not allow foreigners inside their area. These areas are also where native norwegian culture has been the best preserved, with a still living interest in folk traditions of music, clothing, dance and craftmanship, with many museums and small schools who teach this stuff in these remote areas. btw i'm lactose tolerant af

[@Survivethejive]

WSh ancestry is highest in places like Norway bit it comes from Corded ware not Yamnaya

[@birkknut276]

@@Survivethejive Thanks for replying. I misread that one graph because i missed that distinction. Great channel, great work.

[@blast3028]

A detailed and beautiful visual presentation of a topic that is often neglected, honestly can't believe this exists! Thank you STJ!

[@bloodlax]

I've been following your channel for years now, every year your videos are getting better and better. Thankyou for getting me interested into Indo-Europeans and my ancestry. Keep up the amazing work.

[@0hn0haha]

My ancestors 🙂 They look like every other Russian guy that I grew up withat I grew up with honestly. Some now have gentler features, but a lot of rough lookin dudes

[@XyzAbc-sm7eh]

All praise to the thunder God Indra Zeus Thor perun. Let us sacrifice ox to please Indra

[@maximturcan1722]

Dude, i've been wanting to say for years that i love your atmospheric background music, its so soviet-space!

[@roslynhancock1652]

Yes. And so glad it does not dominate the narration. So many videos overwhelm with the music scaled too loud, resulting in the music detracting from the information.

[@thedon9247]

The CG render of the yamnaya dude on the right unironically looks like a northern englishman football fan.

[@andreasfiltenborg4952]

Cam on kurgn. Concur som fakkin land.

[@raminagrobis6112]

Commonly referred to (erroneously) as Neanderthals 😄

[@samirrewari6104]

I am north west indian, I find european culture and history very interesting. A lot of similarities to india.

[@Fein811]

Ikr. The chariots in mahabharat, the swastika symbol, sankrit, pagan culture etc.

[@samirrewari6104]

@@Fein811 yea north indian culture is a mix of aryan culture and indigenous culture.

[@predacorneliu]

We are all from this planet and we are all from the same specie, how could not to be similarities .

[@lightningwight4154]

@@samirrewari6104 Be more Aryan then ;)

[@predacorneliu]

@Swedish Ghostface Yes, we are all from the same planet and we are all from the same specie.

[@donnadees7031]

OMG, what we didn't learn in school, amazing info. Just wonderful to know. thank you

[@varatic644]

The Altai throat singers are the best

[@cancaryan]

I am writing a dissertation on Indo-European comparative mythology right now. You are such an immense help. Thank you, brother.

[@MeatGoblin88]

how'd it go?

[@chadwickreno8499]

I absolutely love this channel, just when I think I've had enough PIE content you keep roping me back in and never fail to impress with the quality of your work.

[@Survivethejive]

Glad you enjoy it!

[@BellaElla13]

There are a lot of them in Bulgaria. The rich were buried with their horses, chariots, pottery, jewellery, slaves and wives

[@indicaedits8692]

Woah! This is called Hight-quality and content Documentary . Great work. Love from India.

[@saltycoffe1631]

Thanks for the content if it wasn't for your videos I would have never known about the yamnaya and indo-european origins. Also the thunberg cameo had me crying keep it up.

[@mikivallone]

Amaznig work! The grave shown at 15:15 is located in Koszyce, Poland. The case was the same as in Eulau.

[@wendykleeb2071]

I really enjoyed this program! Thank you.

[@Survivethejive]

podcast???

[@saltersa21]

@@Survivethejive Pretty good production for a podcast 🤣

[@wendykleeb2071]

@@Survivethejive sorry. Old lady here. A program?

[@wendykleeb2071]

@@Survivethejive I am really so sorry. I looked up the definition of a podcast. Obviously you put a great deal of effort into your production. I became a patron because I appreciate your efforts. Please excuse my ignorance of terms. I meant to complement you, not belittle your efforts. I am very impressed by your research and efforts. Please forgive me.

[@Survivethejive]

@@wendykleeb2071 thanks Wendy. I do have a podcast too for those who don't like videos, but this is a documentary.

[@victoralcantar960]

Fantastic documentary! You make my interest in ancient history grow bigger with everyone of your videos. Just want to point out a minor correction, that I as a biochemist, could not avoid to go unnoticed: Yersinia pestis is a bacteria species, not a virus, as you said regarding the theories of the plague having contributed to the success of the Yamnaya people.

[@user-bm8ev3no1b]

Great documentary but the Yamnayas had brown eye color, brown hair and brownish skin.

[@DalitShiv_Nagwanshi]

​@@user-bm8ev3no1bthat's how Western Indians & Southern Pakistani looks

[@blllllllllllllllllllrlrlrl7059]

​@user-bm8ev3no1b they had variable eye color and hair color, but had light skin. However, they most often had brown hair and eyes.

[@TheBayzent]

I don't know about skin tone, but fair eye color and hair seems to come mostly from the pastoralists that were conquered than the Yanmaya.

[@lel1433]

That doesnt mean they literally are yamnaya lol​@DalitShiv_Nagwanshi

[@asoldier3229]

Your work is phenomenal! Thank you for highlighting the history and culture for billions of people and that was never taught to me in any school.

[@daneaxe6465]

Wow...!! Where to start? Excellent historical/scientific evidence combined with an exceptionally well narrated in a most cohesive manner. 10 of 10. When that first skull came on my 1st impression was a rather rough featured person like Soviet leader Brezhnev. The elongated skull screamed "tall". I agree he and his group would've been hard opponents. The migration and development of horses and the various breeds/types is one that interests me a lot. It'll be interesting to see the upcoming testing results. Another high moment was the appearance of Greta, which I thought very appropriate. The longer and deeper I get into the big picture of Europe, Near East, Middle East and northern Africa, the more climate change i see and usually with devastating results on large populations. We today are still subject to the galactic forces of earth orbit wobble and the BIG one, the most dangerous one....volcanoes. We're only one or two big eruptions from total disaster for the human race and other land organisms. It could start tomorrow and all the electric cars and solar panels will not save the majority of mankind.

[@tezatheboffin2184]

Human activities put two orders of magnitude more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year than all the volcanoes. That'd have to be some volcanic activity to compete with us. Really big eruptions and you'd be more worried about volcanic 'winter' than the CO2 output. Contrarian arguments based on past climate change acknowledge the work done by climate scientists when they talk about the past then say that climate scientists don't know what they're talking about when it comes to modern anthropogenic sources of climate change. Which I find... interesting... to say the least.

[@IPwnutodayful]

Really love your videos,can't get enough of it.Greetings from the Balkans.

[@ariomannosyemo9090]

Amazing work, Tom. You and everyone else involved did a truly stunning job. This may be one of your best and most important works yet (although, that's hard to say because all your work is extremely important and very well done). May the Gods bless you and your lineage. Thanks again for this Cheers

[@leibert6320]

is that a DP of lord Narsimbha ?

[@ariomannosyemo9090]

Yes

[@serdobsky_]

Отличное видео. Отдельное спасибо за русские субтитры!

[@Survivethejive]

You are welcome

[@simonidastankovic2627]

​@@Survivethejive Так надо, брат ! МОЛОДЕЦ !

[@vanrensburgsgesicht]

Holy cow the brow ridges! They look like Kosak's on steroids!

[@raiden6156]

You are unironically the most relevant historian alive today.