So glad these videos are still here helping people. Want meet OAG in heaven and talk gardening and ginger drink!
@donna10186 ай бұрын
I was so happy to this video pop up when I did a search on how to grow sweet potato slips! I miss OAG!
@donnamcfarland162 Жыл бұрын
I’m so grateful to have found this! Such a wise man❤❤
@mojavebohemian8142 жыл бұрын
Tks for keeping his legacy
@Ks-di3xs Жыл бұрын
I am so glad you kept your Grandpa's videos up. I just fell in love with his heart and person. He is and while on earth, a wonderful man. Love watching his videos. (Looks like he's still with us all after all! In spirit.) Love you all.
@lorraineblackman4647 Жыл бұрын
I would try the water method it seems to be able to produce more slips
@lindamoses36973 жыл бұрын
God bless this man in heaven and his loved ones on earth.
@spurgeondailydevotional Жыл бұрын
I hadn't heard that he had passed away! I'm glad he knew the Lord. Where can I find details I wonder?
@robynm72219 ай бұрын
@@spurgeondailydevotional His lovely wife uploaded the information of his passing in a video. Search his videos and you'll find it. Charles was blessed with a long happy life and his beautiful soul was freed from his earthly tent and he feels all the pure love spoken and thoughts of him & towards him from all who love him. He's missed, but it will only be for a short while, then all that love our Holy Almighty Creator/Messiah will join His heavenly host 🙆♀️ and what a wonderful reunion that will be 💞🥰💜❣ Maranatha ❤ 🐑 🩸🩸🩸 ✝️ 🤍 🕊💜 👑 💫 🌎 🙌❣
@WhippoorwillHoller3 жыл бұрын
I use the jar and water method too, It always gives me lots of slips Plus its pretty sitting in the window seal! I've done planted mine in the bed, I won't harvest till fall Very good video for beginners Love always!
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Hello L. Our weather just keeps on acting up, it has either been too cold or too wet to get my garden planted. I hope to get some of it done in the next few days. C.
@jtharp92653 жыл бұрын
@@OldAlabamaGardener yes , even in Texas we are having alot of rain for June & July & cooler weather then normal . But trying different ways to grow.
@apsutton336 Жыл бұрын
@@OldAlabamaGardener thanx so much for your advice. Just getting slips from one just planted few months ago and another tat few weeks ago in a bowl laying down with no picks. My potato in the ground has very few roots so far but quite a few slips. I actually thought I was harvesting a crop when I found my original sw potato good as new. Yesterday I brought it inside and placed it in a bowl fully submerged. I will pull the slips off as they root more like you did. Bit disappointed nothing grew but I didn't water daily i'd given up on it weeks ago but we had a good storm and it sprouted well. I'm preparing an old baby bath with some sand bout one inch and pasture hay few inches. I will be using sea water diluted bout a quarter sprayed onto sand and thru the bale. I hope to get a crop started. I'm having success growing some heirloom tomatoes in sea sand on my verandah in a hanging pot few feet long now with a trellis and my ripe tomato tasted awesome with a hint of sea salt. Truly I've never tasted anything so nice. Thankyou for your advice it was God sent very timely just as I was perplexed what to do. I'm in Australia and we are having terrible home invasions and shootings daily around my home and food trucks are being stolen so I suggest you get ready for the worst. Australia is dangerous now it's gone to the dogs so sad really. I live 2 Kilometers from the beach on Sunshine coast beautiful area but crime is so bad some days with car bombs that radio says sometimes to stay indoors unless you have to go to work or get groceries. Insanity seems to be rampant here with druggies all over and at 65 I have just moved into a unit four months ago and thought it looked safe but stay locked in most times. I grow on my verandah with nice trellis to grow everything. I've had a potato plant bout a foot long with good roots growing sabotaged quite disheartening really. I've tried to grow corn and it was going well and found they were broken by people. I've had quite a bit of success with sea water hydroponics for few weeks and people keep breaking stalks of my seedlings. I've cordoned off my verandah now. I've had my jewellery stolen and other things as well being a pensioner it's hard. Please prepare for things going south. You have given me hope that I can do this.thanx God bless. 👍🙏😇
@robynm72219 ай бұрын
@@apsutton336 I want you to know there are many people all across the globe 🌎 like myself praying for you and everyone who are being oppressed by our over-reaching earthly rulers = adversaries. Their time is short and our Holy Almighty Creator/Messiah is coming quickly. Keep your focus on Him spread love toward all you encounter. They feed off of hate and fear. Don't feed them 🥰 🤗 we out number them and our Holy Almighty Creator/Messiah will hear when we call upon Him for all our needs. I send prayers, love and holy hugs 🤗 and holy cheek kisses. Be of good cheer, we'll all be reunited in His time. Blessings dear heart 🙌❣
@thomasbrown26503 жыл бұрын
I miss you OAG 💔
@misstlc7136 Жыл бұрын
I'm sad that I found his channel after he was gone. I appreciate his content and knowledge. Rest in peace sir. Thank you for leaving the videos for us rookies.
@robynm72212 жыл бұрын
Mrs. Charles, Thank you for keeping OAG's channel running 🤗💞❣ I miss him & watching his video's makes me smile & he's still teaching many how to grow produce. RIP dear Brother Charles. You'll always be loved 🥰 🤗 by your family of subscribers❣
@southernladywithmanyhats74289 ай бұрын
Yes thank you sooo much! Still learning from him. I miss him to!
@robertheuer76703 жыл бұрын
i wanna go fishing with this guy...i miss my grandpa...i will definitely survive when the excitement hits the cooling device
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for your encouraging words. OAG
@sandrarichardson27133 жыл бұрын
I feel as though I am taking a 4 year college course in one years time...bingeing on your videos. Glad you don't give tests! There's truly a great deal of information in each video. I read the comments and I would say the bottom line for most everyone is that your videos really build confidence in us. Thanks also for your friendship to us all. Have a terrific day. Jesus bless.
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
I sent you an E-mail. OAG
@eb1684 Жыл бұрын
So true!! I have a Masters degree in Mechanical Engineering--($$$$$). You can learn more in a few minutes than an entire semester in some college subjects.
@nephiwong Жыл бұрын
I got the opposite result ! In the past few year I used water method but not many slips were produced and took very long time. This year I change to the soil method and the amount of slips at least double of what I had with water method and it won't take very long ! So I will keep using the soil method forever from now !
@bethanyfields47063 жыл бұрын
Thank you for teaching me something ELSE I should have already known!♥️
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Hi Bethany. Life is all about learning. Always something new to learn about. OAG
@danarzechula37696 ай бұрын
Aww miss you😢. Best gardener ever ❤
@penneycoosenberry56577 ай бұрын
I Appreciate Your Very Informative Video With Detailed Information. I Remember My Grandmother Doing This, But This Year I Had Deep Desire To Grow For Myself & Family, God Bless , Penney C , Al
@marcfrost7175 Жыл бұрын
We need these old guys and gals to teach us
@KathleenMcLynn-e7e10 ай бұрын
Just checking for a refresher on starting slips with OAG. Thank you!
@gantz4u2 жыл бұрын
I heard your accent when you said "alabama gardener" and I said yeah. I trust this man. I hope you are doing well.
@apsutton336 Жыл бұрын
Thankyou for sharing. Just got my first sweet potato slips started some in a jar and one in the ground. Now I know what to do. Bless you
@Angie-ci1lp3 жыл бұрын
Oh the memories! My Grandma taught us how to grow sweet potato vines🥲🥲🥲🥲
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Thank you. The old folks knew many things that are now forgotten. OAG
@peternduru202 Жыл бұрын
Thank you very much. We learn every day. I like the glass approach.
@allthingznatural5592 Жыл бұрын
Great class Old Alabama gardener!
@eydiewimberly30293 жыл бұрын
I am growing slips just as you have suggested. Love to watch your videos, you have helped me so much the past two years.
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Wonderful! I am happy if my videos helped you. OAG
@auburnkim19893 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much. I really appreciate the work you do to make these videos.
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
You are welcome. Thank you for watching my videos. OAG
@emilyrissling9703 Жыл бұрын
Thank you, you have explained very good, i will try
@lindacox35910 ай бұрын
Great lesson. Thank you.
@marianreddy98482 жыл бұрын
This is the best way I have ever seen, thank you for sharing so generously!
@crazychickenladyhomestead69183 жыл бұрын
I thought I screwed up this year because the slips were coming from the bottom. I was always taught they should come from the top. It's definitely made a difference in root development and health on the slips!
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Slips from the bottom is the best way. Trick is to figure out which end is the bottom. OAG
@crazychickenladyhomestead69183 жыл бұрын
@@OldAlabamaGardener very true! It can be very difficult to tell!
@tvideo1189 Жыл бұрын
I am amazed the potatoes in the jar produced slips upside down. I have ALWAYS started the water method with the stem down and it worked fast and produced a ton of slips. I will give your "upside down" method a try! As for your soil experiment, you completely buried the potatoes which I think was a bad idea. The method I (and everyone else I have seen) use for the soil method is to only bury the tuber half way so they are exposed to light. Light exposure makes a BIG difference in getting them to start throwing slips, sweet potatoes aren't like regular potatoes you have to bury. Been growing these things in Alabama and Florida for 50 years now. Different strokes for different folks I guess. :)
@davebrooks29423 жыл бұрын
You're the man!!!!!
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Thanks OAG
@marcfrost7175 Жыл бұрын
Thank you and GOD bless, when should I plant them
@lsantos-monzon72692 жыл бұрын
Wow.....thank you...great video. This will be my first time growing sweet potatoes 🥔😋. God bless you 🙏❤
@evelyny7037 Жыл бұрын
I am sure Hopi your tips help me grow sweet potatoes! Thx!
@blkbrn19523 жыл бұрын
I had to come looking for you. Even though I have all notifications checked you weren't showing in my feed. Love your videos, reminds me of my childhood except no grow lights lol.
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Welcome back! OAG
@BriansGreenGarden2 жыл бұрын
Wow! Over 20 slips off of one sweet potato! Well done.
@kellynigh6788 Жыл бұрын
Great demo, love it!
@dejarviseaddy Жыл бұрын
Thank you for the advice!
@fetenubekele4142 Жыл бұрын
Thank you v much sir. How and where and when to plant the slips in the water?
@MyWittsend38 ай бұрын
Awesome ❤Thank you! I will try growing in water. I'm growing in soil my slips.😮
@sb67593 жыл бұрын
Always learn something new from your great teaching.....toothpicks and water method. Thank you so much for sharing.
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
You are welcome. Thanks for watching my videos. OAG
@loveflowers79483 жыл бұрын
Thank you Alabama Farmer . I loved your video on sweet potatoes . In Hawaii(Oahu) we all eat a lot of sweet potatoes . With the huge Asian population we have a lot to choose from in the stores to plant. Take Care my dear♥️
@voodookitchenmama2 жыл бұрын
I sure do miss OAG. : (
@smallfootprint2961 Жыл бұрын
I'm going to try it.
@ohanastrand57932 жыл бұрын
Hope you can hear me, thanks for sharing your knowledge!
@KathysTube3 жыл бұрын
Thanks for demonstrating natural science...👍👍
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
It's my pleasure OAG
@jamiedolen2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the information
@thomassagt21783 жыл бұрын
Hello from Germany. Good ideas, an old brain keeps many good things👍
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for watching my videos. OAG
@kaytong9831 Жыл бұрын
Thank you, exactly what im looking for
@lauralee833 жыл бұрын
I can't wait to try the water method ! THANKS OAG 😊
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
You are so welcome! OAG
@MrJWMINNESOTA3 жыл бұрын
Always interesting things to learn here. Thanks again OAG!,
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Thank you J. OAG
@DonnaRatliff13 жыл бұрын
I grew my sweet potatoes slips the same way this year and I'll be darn if I didn't use a turkey pan too. Lol. 👍 It worked beautifully for me. I also tried the jar and water method too but after watching your video, I believe I had my potatoes upside down in the water and it's probably why mine didn't do so good in the water. I did have to keep the soil moist in the pan with rain water though and your right, they can rot in the soil if not careful. I did get 4 dozen slips but of course they're all planted in the ground now. Next year I'm doing your water method. Thank you for showing us.
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
I have grown them both ways and prefer the water method. OAG
@barbara-pigeonbray45793 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the info ....looks easy and fun . We love sweet potatoes !
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
You are so welcome! OAG
@KrusinTheSierra Жыл бұрын
I did not know this about sweet potatoes! I thought I was just going to plant like I do my potatoes! Glad I came across your video! I also just subscribed! Thank you
@littlegoatfeathers6903 жыл бұрын
Thank you ...very informative video
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Glad it was helpful! OAG
@tomjones43183 жыл бұрын
Good to know. I hope I have room for sweet potatoes this year.
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
It is a worth while plant to grow. OAG
@watermelonlalala3 жыл бұрын
I've been wondering about this. Thanks!
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
You are welcome. Not everyone does it this way, but it works for me. OAG
@dahutful3 жыл бұрын
Thanks Charles. How do I hold slips until we get a little more warmth in the soil? Potting soil, Im told Thanks David South Carolina
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
If you change the water in the jar, the slips will stay good for quite a long time. Don't allow any leaves or rotting slips to remain in the water. The other way is to put the slips in a pot of potting mix, doing it this way the plants will begin to grow but that may not be a bad thing. C.
@sugeluv7013 Жыл бұрын
Love your video❤
@mommajscountrygardening3 жыл бұрын
Hello OAG, another awesome content video. Thank you
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Glad you enjoyed it. OAG
@RosieOscarNala3 жыл бұрын
For the jar method, do you have to change the water every now and then?
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Not usually. If the water gets dirty from leaves in it, I will drain and replace the water. Other than that, just add water now and then. OAG
@RosieOscarNala3 жыл бұрын
Thank you
@JesusisLord782 жыл бұрын
Nice one. But the jar process how often should one change the water?
@wandajemison41663 жыл бұрын
THANK YOU I WATCHED YOU COOK SALMON. MADE ME WANT SOME. I COOKED THEM TODAY 5/7/21 DO YOU HAVE A VIDEO SHOWING HOW AND WHEN TO GROW SOME SWEET POTATOES
Its a lil too late for me this year ,but i sure am going to try earlier next spring to get some slips going. How often should i change out the water ?
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
I don't change the water unless it gets dirty from leaves getting in it. I do add water as it goes down over time. OAG
@tn_heartsoul38713 жыл бұрын
I agree. 👍🏼❤️ Thank you❣️
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for watching my videos. OAG
@chickenstead65863 жыл бұрын
Great video, thank you
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
You are welcome! OAG
@patwarburtonr74883 жыл бұрын
Let us put our trust in Jesus Christ. He is our strength and our future. He will guide us through these end times and beyond. 🙏
@ravenbrown743 жыл бұрын
I miss you
@joannthompson7653 жыл бұрын
Have done both this yr in ground is doing better for me this yr will prob do both all yr I grow them
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Yes, some people do have good success with growing slips in the ground. I never do, so, I start slips in water in the house. OAG
@farmerjones54793 жыл бұрын
Thanks sir. 😊
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Most welcome
@fadista70633 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this valuable channel and information. I have a question about my sweet potatoes already planted in April. I have about 20 plants, 5 in the ground and the others in grow bags. They are doing well but my concern is the possibility of tropical rains in my area of SW Florida coast. Is there a recommendation about covering the plants with a tarp or maybe some other action I need to take in the event of a tropical storm, heavy winds and rains? Thank you so much for your wisdom!
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
I don't think tropical rains would be an issue. If you have soil that doesn't drain, then you might have a problem of too much water. As Florida is very sandy soil, drainage isn't usually a problem. The grow bags do have drain holes don't they? If not, then I would make some drain holes near the bottom of the bag. Wind may move the plants around after they get long but that doesn't usually hurt the plant as long as it doesn't actually break the stems off. OAG
@fadista70633 жыл бұрын
@@OldAlabamaGardener ok thank you. The grow bags are porous but don't have holes per se...I might just elevate them so they aren't sitting in ground puddles. Thanks again! Oh, I did both the water toothpick method and dirt and got a lot more slips with the water method.
@jameswarner68993 жыл бұрын
I plant some on my deer food plots Deer love them
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Yes, you are right. I have to take measures to keep the deer from eating my sweet potato plants. OAG
@peachy_reina Жыл бұрын
Thank you, Grandpa. ❤
@darlenerobertson66312 жыл бұрын
Miss you
@hephzibahbradshaw9509 Жыл бұрын
Thank you.
@nelsonerika3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for sharing! I’m excited to try this with my son❤️
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Hope you enjoy it! OAG
@mrpush2532 Жыл бұрын
Huh...most other videos I see say that planting in soil gives better results. I've tried the soil method and it seemed ok. Will do both this time. How are those Japanese sweet potatoes? Where do you get them?
@kennethhuete67243 жыл бұрын
Thanks ! I started mine in a tote. Then I put them in water. I have more than I need. I broke them off cut the lower leaves off and put them in water. Do recommend that the slips be planted 12 inches apart ?
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Breaking the lower leaves off is a good thing because if they are in the water they will begin to decay and contaminate the water. I just planted mine in the garden today and I set them 2 feet apart in the row. You probably can set them closer if you don't have a lot of space. I grew some in a wire bin a few years ago and had them very close together and they did make potatoes. This year I am experimenting with planting two slips at the same point ( I saw that on a video and will see if it produces more potatoes or just a bunch of smaller ones). C.
@kennethhuete67243 жыл бұрын
@@OldAlabamaGardener Thanks !
@leem2003 жыл бұрын
Thank you I know nothing about gardening and am a failure pretty much at it but I am going to try again. Well not really a complete failure I live in a neighborhood and the rabbits ate my last garden. So we have to put some kind of fence up inside a fence in yard. My rabbits are some ones rabbits who got loose. They are not wild. I have three as far as I know. I do not know what to do about the rabbits. I do not want to kill them. My husband wants to buy a trap but then what do we do with them? Also Central Fl area and the times to plant a garden are different then I am use to.
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
At Lowes or other big box stores, you can buy a product to repel rabbits and deer. One brand name is: Deer Off. But there are other brands that also work. The product doesn't have any chemicals that are harmful to humans. The product is made using garlic, hot pepper, water and some other ingredients. If you buy the concentrate, you mix it with water and spray the crops and the rabbits don't like the taste so they don't eat your vegetables. I suggest buying the concentrate, that way you can mix it a little stronger if needed. OAG
@marycampbell41603 жыл бұрын
Awesome thank you
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
You are welcome. OAG
@Tyrashabrooks3 жыл бұрын
Hey oa can you make a video on growing and pickling okra Thanks and have you ever grown Okinawa pink okra
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
I have many videos on growing, picking, cooking (but not pickling) and canning okra. If you would like a list of my videos, in alphabetical order, with links to click on for each video, put your E-mail address here, I will copy it, then remove it. Then I will send you the list of over 400 videos. No, I haven't grown the Okinawa Pink okra. OAG
@samanthamariah76253 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this! I love your channel. I learn so much 💚🧄🥕🥒🥬🥦🫑🍆🌽🫐
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
You are so welcome! I appreciate you watching my videos. OAG
@Mariah-ms5eo2 жыл бұрын
Is it ok in a sunny window or is indirect better?
@JesusMyHeartsDesire3 жыл бұрын
Great video, my grandmother used to grow sweet potato vines because she loved the way the vines looked as a plant. When is the best time to plant the slips in Alabama?
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
A good question and it depends on if you are in the north end or south end. Either way, sweet potatoes need about 120 days to produce harvest size potatoes. So, count back wards from your first frost date in the autumn 120 days, and that is when you should set the slips in the garden. But you then have to count back from the date planned to set slips in the garden to know when to start growing the slips. Using my time line, I started the potato in water on 13 Mar, and it needs about 60 days to grow the slips with a plan to set the slips in the garden by the 13th of May, this would put me harvesting the potatoes late September. OAG
@TheBarnyardChicken3 жыл бұрын
I use the container and water method as well works great for me🌱🐤💙
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Yes it does! OAG
@salettamyers88453 жыл бұрын
Thank you!🤗
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
You’re welcome 😊
@stanleykania7184 Жыл бұрын
thank you
@ssmith21412 жыл бұрын
How often do you change water in jar?
@smoxen2 жыл бұрын
Thank You !!!
@louisaholman38382 жыл бұрын
Same for yams?
@jamestriplett7903 жыл бұрын
How were the sweet potato's stored over winter without rotting, to do this growing?
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
The sweet potatoes I stored over winter have not began to sprout. They are stored in a dry and cool location. OAG
@rlbgardener64653 жыл бұрын
Can’t wait tell you get all your plants planted this spring you always have such a beautiful garden.
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
I am working on getting it done. When I get it done, I will make a garden tour video. OAG
@FidelCashflow132 жыл бұрын
Any idea how long my slips can sit in the water away from the potato until planting?
@stegershomeandgarden.69713 жыл бұрын
I've tried the jar and water method on some store bought sweet potatoes lately. I suspect a sprout inhibitor was sprayed on these potatoes because I've had not much luck on making slips and I know the root end from the stem end. I'm gonna try earthing some up next time and hope they ain't been sprayed. As cold as its been here in Texas lately it may not be too late.
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
If it is not organic potatoes, then I am pretty sure it has been sprayed. To make sure it has not been sprayed, buy organic potatoes for sprouting. OAG
@tankguyll3 жыл бұрын
Just curious, could you eat your seed potatoes after getting the slips?
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
That is a good question and I don't know the answer. Thank you. OAG
@carolyncurry96153 жыл бұрын
We grew our slips in jars of water, but my husband went ahead and planted the slips in soil when he separated them from the potato. He didn’t put them back into water to develop more roots - he was in a hurry to plant them. Do you think they’ll still grow?
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Yes, they will likely still grow, but be a little slow to get started. If it were me, I would give them some water every few days until they get established. OAG
@jtharp92653 жыл бұрын
Thank u
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Welcome
@sylviaprudhomme54173 жыл бұрын
Use to do this as a child with daddy.
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Then you have fond memories.
@donnaingle54793 жыл бұрын
I use the jar ,always have
@OldAlabamaGardener3 жыл бұрын
Yep, me too. It works best for me. OAG
@ainesamothyug93472 жыл бұрын
Can you just bury potatoes once slips and roots are on the potatoes that’s in soil or do you have to grow roots of slips in water potatoes was in water first has many roots placed in container with soil and now they are growing like wild flowers!
@channelview88542 жыл бұрын
I had some sprout in the pantry before. I planted the whole thing and had a nice big clump of sweet potato vines. My wife is Filipino. She ate leaves from that clump all summer until frost.