I work in TPS manufacturing for Orion. I actually wrote many of the CNC programs that cut the tiles for the back shell panels and the ablative base heat shield. I am constantly amazed at how much knowledge you have about various spacecraft systems. It's even a little funny sometimes to hear you talk about things that I am not allowed to discuss because they are supposedly secret. Keep up the fascinating work.
@dsdy12052 жыл бұрын
Man, endorsements don't get better than this
@alexdhall2 жыл бұрын
To be fair, it depends on *what* Orion you're talking about. Obviously we're talking about NASA's Orion here....
@Lightkie2 жыл бұрын
So you are responsible for all these TPS reports?
@-danR2 жыл бұрын
@@alexdhall "I work" certainly signals a current project, and I can't think of any alternative, current, Orion project that involves heat tiles, ablation, heat shields, spacecraft systems, other than NASA's
@adamc17132 жыл бұрын
@@Lightkie I've been hearing this joke since the Shuttle program, and it hasn't gotten old yet.
@paulgar82 жыл бұрын
Please do not apologize for taking us from a "simple" question to a full discussion of where your mind takes you. We love the trip, although some of us may need a "heat shield" to keep up. GREAT VIDEO!
@AnimeSunglasses2 жыл бұрын
Seriously. Very deep examinations of simple questions is EXACTLY what we like in this crowd.
@Wya9342 жыл бұрын
He didn’t apologize?
@valentinaou65792 жыл бұрын
This is literally why we watch his videos, isn’t it?
@AnimeSunglasses2 жыл бұрын
@@valentinaou6579 PRECISELY!
@conniecoates33112 жыл бұрын
Because the atmosphere of knowledge is far too dense
@SewolHoONCE2 жыл бұрын
Another, “I worked. . . “ The years: 1967-68; The project: continuing the Apollo heat shield computer program that simulated heat penetration through a charring/ablating reentry heat shield; The Company: TRW, Redondo Beach; The coding language: FORTRAN IV; The customer: they could not tell me - I had only SECRET level clearance. Nice to find my work getting historic mention.
@ericfleming28422 жыл бұрын
Ahh, FORTRAN. We were still using it in the 80’s at a data processing company. It was cool that after a little while you could read exactly what it was saying.
@santiagob.10712 жыл бұрын
That’s incredible, by the by those software are still being used today due to their proven validity and overall fast processing.
@timnor48032 жыл бұрын
Oh. FORTRAN the foreign language I had to study in college that I can't speak with anyone anymore 😂😂😂
@SewolHoONCE2 жыл бұрын
@@timnor4803 ¿You neglected to sign up for a conversation with Voyager I?
@timnor48032 жыл бұрын
@@SewolHoONCE I missed that opportunity Bruce. I went to college in a time where we learned FORTRAN Cobol and because professors were old Pascal. And basic obviously. If I had taken a couple gap years I could have taken C and C+. And had a much better career path😂
@RCAvhstape2 жыл бұрын
Scott, I don't usually comment on this stuff, but these kind of technical explanation videos are my favorite, and this one in particular is outstanding. You answered a bunch of questions I always had about spacecraft design and a few I never even though to ask. I always assumed Apollo capsules were shiny to reflect solar heating during space travel; I never thought about radiant heating from plasma during reentry. Likewise, I never really thought to ask why the Space Shuttle had that black and white color pattern, but it makes perfect sense now. Please keep up the good work.
@JJRicks2 жыл бұрын
> I don't usually comment _Has 748 comments on the channel_ 👀
@JJRicks2 жыл бұрын
@@RCAvhstape ;D
@Nilguiri2 жыл бұрын
@@RCAvhstape Aw reet, mate. Calm down.
@kjh23gk2 жыл бұрын
If you haven't already seen it, Scott's 2018 "Heat Shields - Things Kerbal Space Program Doesn't Teach" is a great video going into more details about heat shields.
@stolearovigor2812 жыл бұрын
😂😂😂 I can't stop laughing at comments. So ridiculous. Poor real scientists, they can't talk openly and tell the truth because they will lose their job.
@palarious2 жыл бұрын
This was a fantastic breakdown. Fast explanation, no nonsense, made sense.
@boaz25782 жыл бұрын
I agree this video actually helped me a lot. I didn’t realize I was flying so dangerously until he told me at the end of the video to fly safe. Scott Manley single-handedly saved my life.
@MattChaffe2 жыл бұрын
And this is why I still watch Scott after discovering him so long ago!
@LordZordid2 жыл бұрын
He didn't answer his own question why SpaceX choose to use that method.
@Lucius_Chiaraviglio2 жыл бұрын
@@LordZordid He touched on it: shallower angle of reentry making less intense heat (but spread over a longer time), and a tradeoff of less labor for maintenance in exchange for the shield being heavier.
@donsmith7172 жыл бұрын
@@LordZordid Yeah, let's have another video. And another. And another. I can't get enough of Scott's wonderful videos.
@rays25062 жыл бұрын
Ah, the Gemini 2R (launched 3Nov66). My lab developed and tested the high temperature seals for the hatch in the heatshield on 2R that would have been used in the USAF Manned Orbiting Lab (MOL) program had it not been cancelled (10Jun69). By that time my lab had been working for over two years on Skylab, the first U.S. laboratory in space.
@donjones47192 жыл бұрын
Damn, I was a kid when MOL was featured in magazine articles. I pored over the illustrations greedily, Gemini was always the sexiest spacecraft to me. I happily retired, so you must have been happily retired for quite a few years now. The scale of the renewal of crewed space exploration by SpaceX must be very exciting for you.
@DonJoyce2 жыл бұрын
I'm only commenting because my name is so similar to the other commenter! Lol
@marczamp47372 жыл бұрын
Thats amazing!
@veramae40982 жыл бұрын
Skylab, a picture by Kelly Freas, was on the cover of Analog SciFi Magazine once. It was so popular they sold prints, and I have one, framed and displayed with my books.
@ksmi91092 жыл бұрын
Always wondered about that design. I remember the Soyuz incident where the instrument module failed to detach and the vehicle was headed face first into reentry. If I remember right, the seal of the top hatch going from the descent module to the then detached orbital module started burning and threw tons of smoke into the capsule. Obviously not something you want to happen, but that was also not necessarily a seal designed to withstand windward reentry temperatures comfortably. The hatch that can withstand all that must have some stunning engineering in it. Anyway, Gemini, MOL, what a beast of a vessel and a beast of a concept.
@4077Disc2 жыл бұрын
I work for the company that makes the original PICA product that was used for the most recent Mars lander. We are currently making the heat shield for Dragonfly that will land on Saturn's moon, Titan. We will also be making the heat shield for the Mars Sample Return mission soon. My fingerprints will literally be on other worlds. As a huge space nerd, its probably the "coolest" job I will ever have.
@johndododoe14112 жыл бұрын
So why won't your fingerprints be burned away during the prey launch disinfection procedure that stops human germs infecting Mars?
@Chuckiele2 жыл бұрын
It would probs be a good idea to not have any fingerprints on it though, right? :D
@stuartgray58772 жыл бұрын
I worked on the Stardust Mission and the Sample Return Capsule that is now in the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum in D.C. It was the fastest manmade object to ever fly through earth's atmosphere (at the time). I believe it was also made from "PICA" "Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablative" And at the time, they considered the exact angle of the backshell to be "classified" as the CFD was done by the defense dept.
@3runorocha2 жыл бұрын
KKKKKKKKKKK pica
@racingmhf91572 жыл бұрын
@@3runorocha Kkkkk so brasileiro vai entender
@ke6gwf2 жыл бұрын
My memory is that Dan Rasky was one of the main developers of the PICA material for the Stardust mission, and he was sent by NASA to work with SpaceX on the Dragon project, and was the driving force behind the PICA X. Look up Dan Rasky here in YT, he did some very fascinating interviews on his time at SpaceX etc.
@TamagoHead2 жыл бұрын
I thought that the manhole cover during a nuke test was the fastest object that likely vaporized within the atmosphere.
@ImieNazwiskoOK2 жыл бұрын
@@TamagoHead In short: That story is more than likely fake(but blown by media), it might not even fly at speeds near it in the first place
@jclark45112 жыл бұрын
I bet Scott has a higher viewer retention rate than 95% of youtube. I watch every video to the end. So well done and its always something im interested in
@mikhailkerman83232 жыл бұрын
Oh yeah
@patriotmd2 жыл бұрын
Outside of music channels during work, absolutely.
@noorspetsialist55472 жыл бұрын
Considering these astronomy news videos are alot more polished by just showing the ACTUAL images and video than the dull stock footage astronomy videos. ''*red colored moon surface to represent mars screech*''
@mytube0012 жыл бұрын
I've never understood why anyone WOULDN'T watch videos from start to end. Except for tutorials and such, where there might be a lot of fluff before and after the actual tutorially stuff.
@lxcien48672 жыл бұрын
And in the end i am annoyed that it‘s already over…
@CT5555_2 жыл бұрын
It was clean because with Jebediah Kermen on board, carbon physics don't exist.
@redhairdavid2 жыл бұрын
Isn't it kerbin
@jebediahkerman82452 жыл бұрын
Y’all both wrong
@colegustafson1992 жыл бұрын
💯
@lick8162 жыл бұрын
@@jebediahkerman8245 From the kerbal himself
@jordanhodgkins81642 жыл бұрын
@@jebediahkerman8245 what’s going on bruv 👽😎 🤜🏻🤛🏻
@sebastianweise47902 жыл бұрын
I always feel like telling myself "well, now you know" after watching your vids scott! Have been following you since your KSP interstellar journey! Thanks for all the knowledge you have shared ever since!!!!! Keep on rocking ma man!
@jeffcooper72582 жыл бұрын
Us simple nerds are so easily wowed by your technical knowledge that it's easy to miss your skill as a storyteller. Bravo sir.
@dremwolf54192 жыл бұрын
For those of us who remember marveling at the Gemini missions what is happening with manned spaceflight is just as amazing. Especially growing up watching sci-fi movies showing rocketships landing vertically. I cannot even describe the feelings watching SpaceX successfully landing their first stage booster vertically.
@franzfanz2 жыл бұрын
Plus the silver foil with give Orion that sick retro look.
@regolith13502 жыл бұрын
“I know it was a simple question to start with but my mind went off and wanted to talk about a bunch of other things. I’m glad you wanted to come along on that journey with me.” That’s precisely why we’re subscribed. In fact, half the time, I’ve completely forgotten the original question by the end.
@billmullins68332 жыл бұрын
Scott, you officially have my permission to go off on whatever tangents or flights of fancy you choose. I wasmvery much into space when growing up (Armstrong took his "small step" the summer I graduated high school) but you never fail to inform me.
@andrewkelly81272 жыл бұрын
Great Scott! There are now zillions of KZbin channels on space tech, but who else would: 1. Consider seriously a question like the colour of a used heat shield, & 2. Answer it with a riveting science history lesson. Magnificent, Mr (or is that Dr?) Manley. Thank you.
@cloudkap2 жыл бұрын
This was great- you did a great job of including all the photos of other capsules and going through the whole thing
@Jebsnotdead2 жыл бұрын
I just wanted to say that I appreciate the detail and enthusiasm that goes into all of your videos. Kerbal Space Program is a "healthy" obsession of mine and I owe much of my success with that game to your excellent tutorial videos. Thanks for what you do Scott.
@youlose-h3v5 ай бұрын
Starliners don't scorch as bad, because upon re-entry, Boeing leaves the spacecraft's doors open to let the heat out.
@goldgamercommenting29903 ай бұрын
Starliner doesn’t have doors It has hatches and it’s locked during re-entry We’ve learned this since the beginning of manned space flight and no one has the right mind to let the spacecraft have a weak door. If that was the case, the spacecraft wouldn’t be in space by now and would depressurized rapidly killing the crew instantly…. The 737 max 8 on the other hand, the entire 737 fleet is bad
@railworksamerica3 ай бұрын
Haha
@mattdaniel2395Ай бұрын
Very good, now i understand how it works!!! 😂
@railworksamericaАй бұрын
@@goldgamercommenting2990 🤓🤓🤓🤓
@PTuffduty2 жыл бұрын
what was supposed to be a description of heat shields turned into a great historical journey of the manned space program. there’s so much to know! (and Scott knows it!)
@1a1u0g9t4s2u2 жыл бұрын
Really like the in depth discussion on this and other space topics. Both me and my adult son enjoy them greatly.
@heartofdawn23412 жыл бұрын
I always thought the umbilical between Starliner's command and service modules looked super clunky and ugly, but it's not until now that I see that Apollo and Dragon do the same thing Which in retrospect, is completely obvious. I guess it's just that Starliner's stands out a lot more
@pixelastronaut43132 жыл бұрын
love it when you ramble, its amazing to learn like 30 things on one question
@a..d55182 жыл бұрын
Very informative video Scott! Anytime you want to head deeper into a subject we'll gladly follow along, always fun stalking you on channel😆
@susanpitt47422 жыл бұрын
Thank-you so much for letting us join you in your voyage on heat shields. Fascinating stuff.
@anthonyxuereb7922 жыл бұрын
Apart from the technical stuff which is informative, I'm mightily impressed with the photos shown of the early space program which I have never seen. Exceptional quality some of them, vibrant colours and sharp images, Zeiss lenses and Kodak film stock??
@wpatrickw20122 жыл бұрын
Probably, the photographers assigned to cover the space program were undoubtedly the best in their field.
@jamesocker52352 жыл бұрын
Yes as a space kid I can never get enough, during the moon landings I was always disappointed as i wanted to watch it all over and over , finally after 50 years I can and have scott fill in vital details. Thank you
@ernestgalvan90372 жыл бұрын
Leica and Hasselblad cameras were especially beloved back then. Lust for the Zeiss…
@ernestgalvan90372 жыл бұрын
@@jamesocker5235 …NASA has digitized and made available almost ALL images they have. All freely available.
@anthonyxuereb7922 жыл бұрын
@@ernestgalvan9037 "Lust" is a good choice. I often wonder what happened to all that old stuff presuming they've gone digital.
@moynihanigan2 жыл бұрын
The videos about reentry science and technology are definitely the best.
@timc3332 жыл бұрын
Okay so you went on a bit of a tangent , and I loved it ! This explanation was both simple enough and technical enough to be a pure treat to my mind , and helps to answer some curiosity that I have . Please sir feel free to go on a tangent any time , those are the videos I will be sure to see . Thank You for such good information , I doubt I'll ever have a thing to do with rockets , but that doesn't stop me from wanting to know how they work . PS: it was this kind of video that originally had me subscribe to this channel a long time ago , so please keep up the good work and keep us all informed .
@aureaphilos2 жыл бұрын
Thanks Scott! I've been a huge space fan since the Gemini program, and this was the first comprehensive review of reentry heat shield that I've ever seen. Nice job!
@paulappleby44462 жыл бұрын
Thanks Scott. Very interesting especially the shingle panel explanation. I used to work with fast jets so am familiar with the tech although never put 2 and 2 together! Brill.
@MarkBarrett2 жыл бұрын
Scott Manley is among the smartest people I know.
@triggerfish9992 жыл бұрын
So…an offset centre of gravity for steering. Of course, it makes perfect sense. Brilliant vlog. And hello to all these space industry dudes who also hang out here.
@frankgulla23352 жыл бұрын
Scott, who could possbily NOT want to come along on your voyages. Thanks for the briefing on reentry systems.
@BMrider752 жыл бұрын
Glad I came on that journey with you Scott. Reentry is unforgiving.....
@ThePhiphler2 жыл бұрын
There's a reason that a fully and rapidly reusable second stage is the holy grail of rockets.
@catfish5522 жыл бұрын
These little journeys are why I come here! I got as far as guessing the different angles on the capsules, but I did not know the rest.
@JohnRodriguesPhotographer2 жыл бұрын
I remember both Mercury and Gemini when I was a kid. Beryllium is actually extremely high strength but brittle and very lightweight. It was used on the space shuttle or the brakes. They had to rebuild the brakes every time thing flew but they worked. Beryllium's a very unique and somewhat toxic material. When I was working in computer operations for 15 years are tape drives had beryllium cap stands. This material was chosen because of its light weight very little inertia as fun at high speeds. However they were also about $2,000 back in the early to mid 80s. And for some reason stamped on the capstan was warning beryllium!
@ernestgalvan90372 жыл бұрын
“Somewhat toxic”. What an understatement. Fine Beryllium dust is DEADLY.
@JohnRodriguesPhotographer2 жыл бұрын
@@ernestgalvan9037 my mother was English so understatement is inherited! It's funny nowadays they give you a document telling you the dangers of beryllium. Back in 1981 they didn't even mention there was beryllium. We just saw it on the capstan as we cleaned it. We didn't have the internet so we couldn't really look it up I suppose I could have gone to an encyclopedia. I just didn't bother. We weren't really exposed to dust from beryllium because the Mylar tape think of like a cassette tape that kind of material would be run over the top of it and it would spin at ridiculous RPMs. Beryllium was chosen because as I said earlier very little inertia. You could hold one of those things in your hand and it be lighter than a slip of paper. These cap stands had to spend forward and backwards stop instantaneously. Is really amazing how well they performed until adhesive from between the tape and the oxide built up. Once it builds up the tape would stick and it get wrapped around the capstan and crush it. So we were cleaning tape drives couple times a night on 12-hour shifts. Wish I had a picture of one of the drive so I can post it on here assuming that they even what allow me to post it ever.
@u1zha2 жыл бұрын
The voyage through angles and speeds was incredible. Such detail that goes completely missed in casual observation, but has profound implications on engineering/picking the spacecraft material!
@TamaraWiens2 жыл бұрын
As always, informative and entertaining! Thank you 😊👍❤️
@TheRandallraplee5 ай бұрын
This is a very good film that stays on point with little to no straying from the original subjects. Thank you Scott great job!
@asynchronous_man2 жыл бұрын
Now I just have to think about what the perfect interplanetary capsule would look like (assuming weight, money and raw materials don't matter). Surely the capsule would be ultra-heavy but how beautiful it would look when landing and in a great way it would spend more fuel but would be cool.....it reminds me of something in the industry.....but isn't close to the top notch design in this universe... Beautiful Friday!
@HalNordmann2 жыл бұрын
Orion is pretty close to a perfect BLEO capsule.
@mamulcahy2 жыл бұрын
Nothing like sitting on the front porch, smoking a cigar drinking an IPA and watching you videos Is an enjoyable time!
@joseacuna32392 жыл бұрын
Crazy to see how a simple foil can manage heat like that. In my car the only thing I see as heat shielding is just an aluminum barrier and some air between the heat source and the intended shielded area.
@nathanieljames74622 жыл бұрын
Aluminum reflects heat incredibly well
@chemistryofquestionablequa62522 жыл бұрын
Air is great heat shielding too. Between it and the aluminum there's really no need for anything else
@joseacuna32392 жыл бұрын
Yeah, considering the coffee mugs are basically isolated with air.
@fcbrants2 жыл бұрын
We're Always happy to ride along on your mental wanderings, thanks Scott!!
@bassmechanic2372 жыл бұрын
Thank you for not bashing my ship sir. The unofficial name of the Starliner that completed OFT2 to and from the ISS was "The Black Pearl". Due to all the setbacks we had with her, (valves, filters, RCS thrusters, SM's, and other things) the structure mechanics christened her "The Black Pearl!". It wasn't easy to pull it off while being dogged by the SpaceX cultists who seem to forget all the Dragon failures before they got to the ISS, including the R.U.D.E (Rapid Unexpected Disassembly Event) on the launchpad. Our crew roots for SpaceX every launch because we like to see everyone succeed. Anyways, thank you for the nice words lately.
@ImieNazwiskoOK2 жыл бұрын
Wasn't that a problem mostly not related to Dragon itself(and after few successes)?
@andrewkelly81272 жыл бұрын
You go! And KEEP going. OFT2 was a great success. Failure is only in giving up, which was clearly not the case here. The Black Pearl ended up shinier than its rival, which shows ya…
@sirmoonslosthismind2 жыл бұрын
i for one am happy that spacex sharply distinguishes between tests and operations. there does not appear to have ever been a risk of a "r.u.d.e." or other serious problem with astronauts aboard. from an outside perspective, i don't see the same distinction on the boeing side, but i hope all of starliner's kinks have been worked out. get that test crew home safely!
@ImieNazwiskoOK2 жыл бұрын
@LongDong BigCockTouchToe 🤡🏅
@the18thdoctor32 жыл бұрын
@LongDong BigCockTouchToe Holly wall of text copypasta Batman! _"Some audio questions were answered in 0.9 of a second in official NASA tapes."_ Find one of these supposed "official NASA tapes" where the elapsed time from a mission control question to an astronaut response was less than the required 2.6 seconds. Even one. Find it. _"The lunar LEM was 3 sheets of kitchen aluminum foil thick."_ Wrong. The outer thermal protective layer was that thin. The pressure vessel and the structural supports were much, much stronger. Look up photos of the LM being built and you can see what it really looked like under the fragile skin. _"Yet a 10,000 lb rocket did not tear it to pieces."_ Of course not. Why would it? Those 10,000 lbf are directed through the spacecraft's center of mass, and its strongest structural points. It can't do anything to the thin thermal skin. Don't be ridiculous. _"NASA admits using Scotch tape!"_ Provide the source or admit that this is a lie. Those are your two and only options. _"Temperatures of 250 heat on the moon"_ This is a meaningless phrase. Temperature and heat are two entirely different concepts. _"Every country was given a moon rock. The Netherlands tested theirs, it was petrified wood."_ Wrong. NASA only gave one Moon rock to the Netherlands, and it was confirmed to be from the Moon. The petrified wood was from the former Dutch prime minister's personal collection of artifacts, and his estate falsely claimed it was a Moon rock. But NASA never gave anything to the former prime minister in the first place, so that was wrong. _"would leave at busiest times to collect meteorites in the Antarctic."_ Nope. Please stop making things up. _"Why did we silently retire the Apollo Saturn 5, 3-man F-1"_ This makes no sense. How can an engine be "3-man"? Try to at least know what you're talking about. And no, it was not "silently retired," there was nothing "silent" about it. _"We beg Russia for their less powerful rockets."_ No, we don't. Try again. _"All other rockets lift less and mostly to 300 miles."_ And all other rockets are massively cheaper. _"It was quietly retired, even the blueprints lost."_ This is a direct lie. No blueprints were "lost," almost all the diagrams are digitized in some online archive, and the ones that aren't are available in microfiche. _"For 60 years, we use old Mercury (1-man) and Gemini (2-man) Titan and Atlas rockets, upgraded."_ Nope. The Titan series was retired, and the Atlas V is about as different from the Atlas D as the Saturn V is from the Little Joe II. _"After silent 15 years wait replaced by the Shuttle... Half a generation wait."_ 1973 to 1981 is 8 years. Learn some basic math. And those 8 years were anything but "silent." Please stop lying. _"But all F-1 blueprints are missing."_ STOP LYING. Every single time you say this, it continues to be wrong, and you continue to tell more lies. Repeating a lie over and over doesn't make it true. _"Why?... Why?... Why?"_ Money. Science deniers like you insist on cutting NASA's budget. When budgets fall, expensive programs get cut. The Saturn V was absurdly expensive, so it got cut in favor of a cheaper option (when you factor in the cost of the Apollo spacecraft, the Shuttle was much cheaper). _"James Webb, the head of NASA resigned DAYS before the 1st mission to the moon."_ James Webb resigned on October 7, 1968. Apollo 8 (the first crewed mission to _orbit_ the Moon) launched on December 21, 1968. Apollo 11 launched on July 16, 1969. You are lying yet again. These are just facts. _"Neil Armstrong resigned and was silent all his life.... His anniversary words"_ Which is it? Was Armstrong a recluse who never participated or spoke publicly again, or did he give these supposedly coded speeches? I think you should stop making things up. _"Who talks that way?"_ Nobody, because you badly mangled the two "quotes" you cherry-picked. Try again. _"He's admitting their shame. And sham."_ Wait, you're capable of reading minds? Do tell! _"Both eyes and film see spots and cloudy patches from X-rays and Cosmic rays."_ Nope. Eyes do not see any of those, first of all, so that's another lie. Also, radiation dosage is cumulative. Spending a few days in space is not nearly enough to develop cloudy patches on film. _"The film from the moon is perfect, spotless!"_ No, it's not. You're expecting the dramatic blotchy patches always shown in Hollywood dramas, when in reality film radiation damage affects colors first. And sure enough, the colors are not correctly calibrated in a lot of the film. But color damage can also be corrected with the development technique, which of course you conveniently "forgot" about. _"-250 temperatures would have cracked and broken the plastic film as it moved through the camera."_ Then it's a good thing that heat and temperature are different! The film never reached -250 degrees, because heat transfers very slowly in a vacuum. So this is another lie. _"In sunlight, +250 temperatures would have melted the plastic film inside."_ Same thing. The heat doesn't transfer. Stop lying. _"The LEM has bright red hypergolic fire and smoke."_ Wrong. Dinitrogen tetroxide (NTO) is only red when it fumes by itself. When burned with Aerozine 50, it produces a clear exhaust plume. You can see this in footage of the LR87 and LR91 on the Titan, which used the same propellant mixture. _"The same SpaceX uses and Soviet thrusters maneuvering toward the Space Station."_ Wrong. Stop lying. Dragon uses monomethylhydrazine and NTO, while the Soyuz uses unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and NTO. The different propellant mixtures produce different exhaust products and therefore differently colored plumes. _"Also look at the test films showing massive billowing dark red clouds from it."_ Find even one single video of the Lunar Module Descent Engine or Lunar Module Ascent Engine showing "massive billowing dark red clouds." Until you do, this is another one of your many lies. _"And no LEM thrusters fire as it rotates and aligns to join with the command module above the moon."_ The thrusters fire in short bursts that last fractions of a second. The film of the docking was taken in 6 FPS. It's not surprising that you can't see the bursts. Please try thinking. _"LEM landing pads in pictures on the moon have no dust in them."_ Of course not, because the engine shut off while the LM was still 2 meters above the ground. Please try thinking. _"There are not even scorch marks under any LEM in moon pics. No craters either."_ Of course there aren't any "scorch marks," there's no oxygen for scorching to occur. That's ridiculous. As for craters, the exhaust was spread out over the entire engine bell, meaning that 10,000 lbf you keep citing produced only 3.7 PSI. Why do you believe that 3.7 PSI should produced "craters"? That's ridiculous. _"Though the massive 10,000 lb rocket exhaust would have thrown dust into the pads."_ Nope. There's no reason for the dust to travel upwards. It got thrown straight outwards horizontally. Remember, there's no atmosphere on the Moon. Air currents don't suck dust in strange directions. The plume was directed downwards and deflected sideways, so the dust got thrown sideways and only sideways. Think, please. _"The engine more powerful than a jet"_ Thrust does not equate to noise. Try again. _"NASA officially says the LEM was 3 sheets of kitchen aluminum foil thick. 12/1000th of an inch."_ Again, that's only the outermost layer of thermal shielding. Please stop drawing false equivalences. _"That engine roars and massively vibrates!"_ If it was vibrating "massively," then the astronauts would have seconds to live, as that would imply combustion instability and imminent explosion. A rocket engine in a vacuum actually runs very smoothly, so please stop lying. _"They couldn't even hear themselves."_ Stop lying. That's all. You'll get a lot further in life if you stop making up random things. _"Yet you never hear anything in their calm, quiet words"_ Of course not, because sound doesn't travel in a vacuum, there was very little vibration, and their microphones were right next to their mouths. _"1969 was the PEAK sun activity of that 11 year cycle, that could kill people in space."_ WRONG. 1968 (not 1969) had the peak number of sunspots, meaning it was the solar maximum. BUT, the most sunspots means the LOWEST amount of solar radiation. It does mean more solar flares, but those are individual events that can be avoided. _"The WORST time to send astronauts! (Protected by 3 sheets of aluminum foil)."_ Nope. And again, it wasn't 3 sheets, and plus that only refers to the fragile LM. The Command Module had even thicker walls than the LM's interior pressure vessel. _"And one Apollo, the landing site was in the dark when they were scheduled to land. You can check the charts."_ This is a lie. You can check the charts, but it's clear you haven't. On all of the Apollo missions, the landing site was in early lunar-morning dawn when the LM landed. _"Fra Mauro, the landing site was completely in the dark at the scheduled landing time of Apollo 13!"_ Incorrect. Apollo 13 was intended to land at around 7 PM (Houston time) on April 15. Sunrise at Fra Mauro occurred around 1 AM, 17 hours earlier. Stop lying. _"Apollo 13 was totally faked!"_ Wrong. _"Another moon trip, video inside Apollo, when supposedly near the moon showed a full big blue earth through the window."_ Which mission, which reel, taken at what point in the mission, with what focal length, with which camera? Be specific, or else you are telling lies by omission. Moral of the story: *STOP LYING!*
@normanzhu6802 жыл бұрын
Scott, love your channel. You never cease to impress me with the breadth of your knowledge. Keep up the good work. We are thoroughly entertained.
@veramae40982 жыл бұрын
We almost lost John Glenn on his first flight (I think it was). On reentry he was delighted with tiny sparkling lights outside his capsule, and wondering if it was somehow a signal from alien life. It was the capsule breaking up. He made it home, but NASA was just learning how tough reentry was. P.S. Oh my heart, was that John Kennedy peering into the capsule at 6:30 ???
@davidharrison70142 жыл бұрын
To answer your last question: Yes, indeed!
@ceejay01372 жыл бұрын
As always, wonderfully informative, Scott, and I learned a lot of new things from this video. Please keep following where your mind leads you: we love taking these rides with you wherever they end up! 👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
@jcKobeh2 жыл бұрын
Question: was the reentry angle for capsules coming from the moon different to those from ISS/lower orbit? To have more aerobraking distance and decelerate? Or does the atmosphere limit them to terminal velocity all the same, or what's going on?
@thethirdman2252 жыл бұрын
At a guess, I think they would have to be because something coming from deep space will be travelling a lot faster. Anyone who knows the answer to this is welcome to correct me.
@134StormShadow2 жыл бұрын
So glad you went off into a full description. Don't apologise, was a great video 😍
@MontyFly2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for taking me on that trip. I had a much shorter explanation that seems to have been at least partly correct. I figured Dragon looked burned up because SpaceX was into doing things as cheaply as possible and that meant it was more reusable than the other capsules.
@Astronomy_Live2 жыл бұрын
So the Dragon capsule now on display in the new Gateway exhibit has a SPAM coating that is rather worn looking from its flight, but pretty much lacks the brown discoloration of freshly returned capsules. Any idea why that is?
@MoonWeasel232 жыл бұрын
Believe it or not, there was sound engineering done with starliner. Just not in a few places…
@maxwellquebec86752 жыл бұрын
Boeing and software have a rough relationship, but Starliner is incredibly well engineered. Development has been glacial, but at least the final product matches the original proposal.
@JohnnosaurusREX2 жыл бұрын
@@maxwellquebec8675 Your second sentence is such a weired statement. Why is there so much emphasis on NEVER changing an idea? This isn't the first time I see it. Obviously there is a lot of confidence to gain by keeping the original concept. But the original proposal is an idea in peoples heads. While implementig that idea, the idea meets with the real world, which has zero obligation to match your idea of how things are supposed to work. Why are people so against changing plans if you realize you can achive the same faster, better, cheaper? "Sure you are heading straight for desaster, but at least the product matches the original idea!" This idea doesn't get in my head. And you are saying this on youtube of all places... Do you realize that youtube was originaly designed as a *DATING SITE* ?! They implemented the idea of video sharing on a dating site, then realized the HUGE potential of general video sharing and now it's one of the fundaments of the internet worth Billions. Sould they not have changed plans to "match the original proposal"? Just look at NASA and count the billions that whent down the drain because they proposed something and didn't want to change it no matter what. The strength to say: "Hold up a second, my original idea was suboptimal" seems radically underrated.
@davidharrison70142 жыл бұрын
Like the THRUSTERS, perhaps?! LOL
@jimholliman28222 жыл бұрын
I get a kick out of your mind's tangents which make for interesting things to learn! Please continue letting your mind wander.
@MichaelMiller-op8fe2 жыл бұрын
Thank you, the little details matter .now we know more about it. One of my concerns is the ablative insulation along the seams of the flaps of Starship, how are they going to keep the heat away from the servos and the arms connected to the servos that control the flaps. This kind of helps.
@zzubra2 жыл бұрын
Are you certain it’s “ablative” insulation? I’m surprised at the idea that they would use anything ablative on Starship.
@ImieNazwiskoOK2 жыл бұрын
I'm pretty sure that's one of questions SpaceX itself asks. And I kinda wonder how it was with the bottom of space shuttle(maybe something kinda similar).
@MichaelMiller-op8fe2 жыл бұрын
@@zzubra if a tile gives off anything including gas it's ablative which means it gives away something in return for protection. Your response is unthought. And perhaps one of these days you use your real name for verification as a human.
@MichaelMiller-op8fe2 жыл бұрын
@@ImieNazwiskoOK thank you for a reasonable response
@MichaelMiller-op8fe2 жыл бұрын
@@ImieNazwiskoOK are you talking about the seals for the doors for the landing gear?
@harryragland78402 жыл бұрын
The Mercury capsules were manufactured at McDonnel Douglas in the St Louis area where I live. One of my buddies machined the instrument panels for the Gemini flights. Although McDonnel Douglas did not get much of the Apollo missions, they did produce the Orbital Maneuvering System for the space shuttle.
@epicdaniel5082 жыл бұрын
Oh wow, I didn’t notice that!
@Kpar5122 жыл бұрын
Thanks, Scott. I learned a great deal, not just about thermal protection, but also the history of the US space program (which I observed as a child, but didn't understand all of the implications!).
@chacecrowell2 жыл бұрын
So why the angle choice? I'm guessing it has to do with desired volume with the restriction of the Falcon 9/SLS diameter?
@scottmanley2 жыл бұрын
Yes, Dragon is designed for Falcon 9, similarly, Soyuz is designed for the R7
@ImieNazwiskoOK2 жыл бұрын
When you think about it in that case Starliner is kinda weird compared to others because it's significantly wider than the carrier rocket
@chacecrowell2 жыл бұрын
@@scottmanley thanks Scott - isn't it interesting that this means that our spacecraft are still limited by the size of average US roads? Definitely seems easier to reshape a payload than reengineer a miracle of flight
@TheBooban2 жыл бұрын
@@ImieNazwiskoOK perhaps weirder, but it seems superior in this aspect.
@ImieNazwiskoOK2 жыл бұрын
@@TheBooban Superior in terms of?
@imhotepady2 жыл бұрын
I get a dopamine rush every time one of your videos came on! This one made no exception.
@ChemEDan2 жыл бұрын
Henceforth the residue shall be called Elon Rust
@donsmith7172 жыл бұрын
You're the man, having taken a simple question about a complex process and making the answer bite-sized and absolutely fascinating. How do you always do that?
@naidanac12 жыл бұрын
Thanks for taking us on this rambling adventure, Scott! Now I'm hoping re-entry soot will make its way to KSP
@chaadlosan2 жыл бұрын
Fascinating history of reentry shield technology.
@EnraEnerato2 жыл бұрын
Given how fragile the heat shields of the spaceshuttle were, I do wonder if an ablative one would have been possible and if/if not why is that?
@squeaksquawk42552 жыл бұрын
They didn't because it needed to be re-usable, and that would (Theoretically) have been cheaper. Also, shuttle was a plane and could therefore generate lift and prolong re-entry, reducing peak heating.
@josephastier74212 жыл бұрын
Too much work to replace it with a new one after each flight.
@EnraEnerato2 жыл бұрын
@@josephastier7421 They ended up doing that anyway? And if I recall correctly I can't understate just how fragile these things are, so tearing them off and slapping new ones happened a lot of times. Foam pieces from liftoff managed to damage them and the burner ones would have probably just shrugged this kind of damage off?
@TheEvilmooseofdoom2 жыл бұрын
@@EnraEnerato On the shuttle they didn't have to replace it but they did have to inspect it. Even an ablative heat shield needs inspecting, in fact they usually xray them to look for voids. I can imagine on something the size of the shuttle that might have taken some time. :)
@obsidianjane44132 жыл бұрын
@@EnraEnerato The problem with the shuttle was the flaw in its basic configuration where it's heatshield was in the path of launch debris that could strike it. Just as very few materials that were/are practical for this application could tolerate that kind of abuse, the STS probably wouldn't have suffered its damage in the first place.
@arnaudt39352 жыл бұрын
You are the safest transportation I use to travel in ideas of tech and science !
@jeromethiel43232 жыл бұрын
Amazingly informative, as usual. I particularly like when the old and new crossover, highlighting just how amazing the 1st generation of capsules really was. The fact that we are still using variations on the same technology is interesting to me. I'd have though that with the advanced materials we have, the designs would be able to change more. But sometimes you just can't improve very much on something that was so well designed in the first place! ^-^
@ernestgalvan90372 жыл бұрын
“…the designs would be able to change more.’ Ultimately, Physics is the Master, engineers are merely the Learners.
@jeromethiel43232 жыл бұрын
@@ernestgalvan9037 I would rephrase that as the engineers master the possible. Because you are correct. You cannot change the laws of physics. But you can manipulate them to your advantage. And that's what engineers do, make the best compromise possible with the science and materials at hand.
@MadMorgie63182 жыл бұрын
"I'm glad you wanted to come along on that voyage with me." Always, Scott, always.
@heatshield2 жыл бұрын
Scott, you could talk about thermal protection for hours and it will always be interesting. I'll go on the mind ride with ya. I think I know a little something about this, but every time, I find myself thinking "didn't know that, or that, or that. Wait there's one I knew! Okay back to nope, nope not that one either". Thanks again for
@randelbrooks2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the presentation and the wonderful graphics that you were able to put to it
@AsbestosMuffins2 жыл бұрын
apollo used a kapton mylar layer over the outside that turned silver when exposed to vacuum, but turned yellow when it ablated its quite interesting
@BradBo11402 жыл бұрын
Another interesting episode! There’s so much engineering in space flight. I loved the pic with Kennedy looking inside the vehicle.
@ecp45002 жыл бұрын
@2:50 Flip that poor 🐢 over 🙃
@mikebridges202 жыл бұрын
An excellent answer to a "simple question". Every time I watch one of your videos I learn, Scott: Thanks!!
@maxwellquebec86752 жыл бұрын
Nah, it's because the atmosphere over New Mexico is softer than it is over Florida /s
@mikepetersen50242 жыл бұрын
Thanks, learning something new is one of the reasons I watch your vids.
@awabooks98862 жыл бұрын
...Because it hardly ever gets off the ground! 🤣 Sorry, as a resident of Florida's Space Coast, couldn't help but have a laugh at what an overpriced cash cow Starliner is 😏
@Mr-Payne2 жыл бұрын
Well that was a burn right there
@ajToncek2 жыл бұрын
Good one 😂
@scottmanley2 жыл бұрын
That kind of burn needs a better heat shield.
@fredhampton52272 жыл бұрын
@AWA Books Space Coast Resident to Space Coast Resident what makes Starliner a cash cow?
@MrNorker772 жыл бұрын
Simple questions that lead to an insightful examination of complex themes are the best! Thanks
@RogerM882 жыл бұрын
Spoiler alert: because the heat shield it's detachable.
@Sirmellowman2 жыл бұрын
thats not really why...its because the starliner heat shield isnt ablative. he says in the video, the detached heat shield is only going to expose clean ship on the bottom where you dont even see when its sitting up right.
@RogerM882 жыл бұрын
@@T_Hoog exactly, I was referring to the bottom heat shield.
@kspencerian2 жыл бұрын
Fun fact I don't think Scott mentioned: Starliner's non-ablative backshell are thermal blankets, a Boeing invention which were originally used as the upper TPS on later Shuttle Orbiters, replacing many of the white, lightweight tiles along the OMS pods and crew compartment.
@jameswilson51652 жыл бұрын
A fascinating trip through history and how we got here today.
@DCRNLV2 жыл бұрын
I always enjoy the voyage Mr. Manley. Tnx!
@bbowman1052 жыл бұрын
This is my favorite video of yours. Great job explaining all of this and even including the Mercury and Gemini stuff.
@colinbarnard65122 жыл бұрын
I completely agree with 'Palarious' below. Bonus: most of the info was new to me, and I've been following crewed spaceflight since Gemini 3 (earliest memories at age 5). Thank-you Mr Manley!
@eliyasne96952 жыл бұрын
9:08 That is exactly what makes a good Scott Manley video!
@tylerhensley23122 жыл бұрын
I learn something new every time I watch one of your videos, thank you!
@louissivo96602 жыл бұрын
Goodness, you answered questions that I didn't even know I had. Great information, thanks!
@darrellcook82532 жыл бұрын
I still watch with interest even after the answer to the question is answered. Because it's interesting. Theres always more to the story.
@Sir_Uncle_Ned2 жыл бұрын
It really is amazing just how many different approaches were used for crewed spacecraft over the years. As we enter the era of commercially viable reuse, heat shielding is more important than ever.
@jamesrussell77602 жыл бұрын
Always interested in the details, Scott. Keep on keep on.
@LemonLadyRecords2 жыл бұрын
Hi, Scott. 😉 Really enjoyed this! I DO remember the early launches (but not what Chris Kraft and others explained during the broadcast), so love the evolution.
@nathanel13132 жыл бұрын
I wish my mind could wander "off" like that, digging deeper and deeper into a concrete subject, instead of making me think about 100 unrelated things. Thanks Scott, great video as always.
@danielleriley27962 жыл бұрын
Great video. Shows that simple questions are not always that simple.
@gullevek2 жыл бұрын
Simple Question, Amazing answer. Always enjoy this journey
@atsimas2 жыл бұрын
I watch mr Manley, because he doesn't just do presentation, he almost shows you how it works.
@lucashowell86892 жыл бұрын
Mr. Manley’s show is such an escape from day to day life here on Earth 🌍
@drakefallentine83512 жыл бұрын
I freely admit I don't know one tenth of one percent about the physics involved or the endless calculations and tests performed that result in more successful missions than failures, but I do have an appreciation for the man-hours generated by machinists, technicians, and suppliers that maintain the incredibly high standards required. It is stunning.
@Kineticartist2 жыл бұрын
always a pleasure to dive down the rabbit hole of your mind