Temperature: Final Maps - Worldbuilder's Log 35

[@rossbaygeo]

The final temperature maps look fantastic! I had a blast working on the Worldbuilder's Log with @artifexian, dropping in on streams, and creating a guide for everyone else to follow along. If any viewers have questions or clarifications about the guide, please respond here so for a response and if necessary it can be updated.

[@adoge1175]

Where did you get the concepts of arid Hotspot and other spots like that if it's not an official term. Thanks!

[@rossbaygeo]

@@adoge1175 That's a great question. So the Hot and Cold Spots signify places on a map in the guide that are warmer or colder than the expected annual average surface temperature calculated earlier. High pressure areas near the north or south tropic push moist air away, creating arid regions. This is where we find our hot deserts, like the Sahara. So it is a Hot Spot that happens in arid regions: an Arid Hot Spot. Not the most creative name, but I feel like it gets the job done.

[@adoge1175]

Man, that's interesting, thanks​ Ross

[@thatprogramer]

Aww that's a heart warming comment

[@thatprogramer]

Is there anyway of adding changes to climate if something happens to the planet?

[@SebRomu]

Presumably the northern polar ocean cold spot in winter would have an equivalent southern polar cold spot in southern hemisphere winter if an ocean exists at the southern pole region.

[@rossbaygeo]

Yes correct! This is outlined in the guide.

[@Kolateak_]

The absolute state of hype I get in when I see a new video

[@Artifexian]

Hope the video lived up to the hype

[@Not_Dane_Heart]

I lioave his cvieos soooooooooo myuch!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@madelinejameswrites]

Absolutely love how these turned out! And I'm still a really big fan of this new method.

[@rossbaygeo]

I would be excited to see how the maps from your Worldbuilding Guide series would look with this method!

[@madelinejameswrites]

@@rossbaygeo oh true! Like a comparison! This method is definitely a lot more detailed and accurate so it'd be interesting!

[@Artifexian]

Cheers, Madeline! ❤

[@alecity4877]

I love this series. One thing though, in a case by case basis when elevation comes in to play,there are micro climates not just from different elevations but from being in between areas of considerably higher or lower elevation. For an example, I am from Caracas, which is 1000 meters above sea level, but is surrounded by mountains that rise to 1500~ meters above sea level at the southern parts of the valley and up to 2700 meters in the range north of the valley, as a result, the city receives mostly cold air down from the mountain and is more temperate than settlements on the other side of the northern range (well, northwest, because directly north there isn't anything much on the middle altitude of the mountain) at the same height, which have winds from the mountains but also the warm caribbean currents directly coming to them. So, for example, the valleys in 30:30 I think could be "enveloped" in the isotherms of the mountain range, like a microclimate where it's colder within the mountains.

[@Artifexian]

Great points! Though I reckon I'm not going to go down the route of plotting out micro climates. Mainly for the sake of time but also I want to hit of most generally applicable worldbuilding points i.e, the major koppen climate zones.

[@alecity4877]

@@Artifexian That's fine, microclimates are very specific and they would be even more time consuming. I just saw the case of the mountain range with multiple valleys (vallies? not sure of the plural) as a place where a perfect example of them could be made.

[@rossbaygeo]

Microclimates are much too small to capture at this resolution of map for temperature, precipitation or climate, but are fun considerations for more regional or local scale maps.

[@Ratchet4647]

​@@alecity4877 Valleys You had it right!

[@px6883]

Just letting you know that whenever you upload it totally makes my day! Thank you, Artifexian!

[@Artifexian]

❤

[@gregwochlik9233]

Nice video as usual. The elevation scale is spot on: When I did my pilot's licence, the standard temperature drop was 1.98°C / 1000ft. Converted to metric, it works out to 6°C/km

[@rossbaygeo]

Thank you! I have outlined some variations for temperature change with elevation in the guide depending on moisture content of the air.

[@Titanic_Tuna]

Working on the temperature of my map has definitely been one of the most engaging parts for me. Surprisingly so. Personally I tend to lean away from earth like environments though. Your progress is definitely looking great so far.👍

[@Artifexian]

Leaning away from Earth-like environments is totally cool. But it's worth remembering that an Earth-like environment can be radically alien. i.e, hothouse earths, snowball earths etc. Even just messing with the layout of continents can lead to really, really weird results.

[@Titanic_Tuna]

@@Artifexian Indeed it can. I think I'm aiming for conditions suitable for hyperthermophiles. I don't remember if you've mentioned it in an earlier episode or not, are you intending to have the human inhabitants be the only earth based organisms on your planet with the other lifeforms being alien?

[@Patrick-nl4zp]

Such a detailed map. I love that you're almost done. Cannot wait for a finished product

[@Artifexian]

Yop, climate zones is the only really big thing left to do

[@jamesgriffith5582]

@@Artifexian And of coarse with climate zones done, we can have a painted out map showing the world in all its coloured glory. -I mentioned it before in a few of my comments, but on the website it'd be useful if there were polar views of the world along with the on-side views. -So as to get a better idea of what's going on in those areas.

[@anarchosnowflakist786]

@@jamesgriffith5582 and we'll get to see that green replaced with the purple of artifexia's plants !

[@watermelon668]

I know you were probably doing it for audience view- but if anyone is trying this and using illustrator/a vector based program, i would really reccomend using pen tool for these big wavy lines! rather than trying to make the lines perfect with your naked hand, you can use the bezier curves to have alot more control in a much cleaner way- and it makes having to redraw the paths later on way way easier! you can just add more points and shift the lines!

[@celian2429]

I can't wait for what's next in this series, amazing work!

[@Artifexian]

Cheers! I'm excited too. Slowly but surely we're making progress

[@volcryndarkstar]

Now you just gotta do all these steps for every frame of the G-Plates animation and you'll have a comprehensive geological and climatalogical history of your world. *THEN* you'll be ready to do your spec-bio project. Lol, love the videos.

[@Ratchet4647]

Something tells me he won't do that for hundreds of frames given how long it's taken to do just the one. I suspect if he does anything with ancient climates for spec bio, it'll be a bit more handwavy to save time, energy, blood, and tears. If other people do that, I'm very sorry they've put themselves through that.

[@electricelf-music]

@@Ratchet4647 if it is fun once, it will be fun one hundred times more XD

[@volcryndarkstar]

@Ratchet4647 I was only joking, but that *would* make for a great animation. It's just the time it would take would be astounding.

[@michaelasimunkova4941]

That´s is so good work, it´s just perfect.

[@edblue2330]

I love how you did temperature.

[@TheBrotherhoodofCadendale]

I was just thinking about this series earlier today! Hooray!

[@electricelf-music]

I think it took me 2 whole days to get through this playlist and now I know I just have to do this for my own world lol. Looks incredibly fun

[@Dorsidwarf]

Mmmm I’m just imagining the mighty glaciers coming down from that colossal mountain plateau

[@Artifexian]

It's colossal in width but remember, 'cause of the high gravity, the average elevation of the plateau is about 2500ish meters. That's about the elevation of Mexico City.

[@rossbaygeo]

The glacier coverage would be confined to the back and fore arcs because much of the plateau is below the snow line-which means the summer temperature is above 0°C and any snow coverage melts before having a chance to accumulate.

[@Ratchet4647]

Perhaps then the glaciers would leave their mark on the earth in and around the Plateau only during the previous Ice Age. Which reminds me, I haven't seen you do any glacial stuff for this world. I was kind of expecting it during the physical geography portions you've done as they carve out lakes, depress land, and leave great piles of rock at the end of glacial flows as seen with Long Island in New York. Which then those could impact climate and weather somewhat. Is that maybe part of an upcoming video?

[@SpuneDagr]

You are the best kind of crazy.

[@yipperson2974]

look! the arti is fexianing

[@Auroral_Anomaly]

ABSOLUTELY YES!

[@davidbornemeier856]

Thanks for the video. I've found this series endlessly helpful!

[@Fummy007]

This is easily the most detailed/scientific world i've ever seen built.

[@thatprogramer]

Looks very convincing man!

[@lordbird4165]

Yyyeeeeees🎉🎉🎉 love the way it turned out!!

[@ColinPaddock]

You’re probably going to want to take that southern continental zone into blender(or just gplates, this should work fine in gplates) and fit it back to the sphere. You have a lot of significant activity really close to the pole, and that’s gonna get hella distorted.

[@ColinPaddock]

I suspect, you’ll wind up having a continental zone and resultant isotherms that sit astride the south pole with equatorward extensions in the east and west.

[@ATOM-vv3xu]

If I have learned something from dotot, than it's, that there will never truly be a final map

[@mckinneym.2743]

Dotot?

[@Artifexian]

What is dotot? But yeah a project is never really done

[@ATOM-vv3xu]

@@Artifexian I was sure I left a comment for mckinneym here... He is someone who posts maps of his system, especially maewha, the main planet to Bib's discord now for 1.5-2 years

[@mckinneym.2743]

@@ATOM-vv3xu I feel like youtubes comment section can be a bit buggy, especially considering I just got this notification somehow.

[@ATOM-vv3xu]

@@mckinneym.2743 that is truly a whole new level of YT weirdness

[@theothenintendomaster3717]

Edgar, when you place the climates on Cretak, use more of the Koppen subdivisions and separate the Humid subtropical zone into a cold and hot variant as that zone is a mess. Mediterranean zones should also have cool and hot summer variants.

[@rossbaygeo]

Hello! For the climate series, Edgar will be using the entire Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification, which includes Warm Summer (Csa) and Cool Summer (Csb) Mediterranean.

[@Royal.Peasant05]

Love the video as always! Keep it definitely up!

[@Lilas.Duveteux]

If it was High fantasy: The sea of Jannar would probably have an East-Asian aesthetic to it, given that would be host to a humid-subtropical climate with high mountains, and the islands near it already kind of looks like Japan. But that Island would be home to medditeranean climate if one looks at the final precipitation map, but the northmost tip of the island would fall into the subtropical climate category. The interior sea would have a shore that fall straight into the subtropical category, while the very North-West shore close to the ocean would have an Cfb to Cfc climate type, that becomes rapidely continental once a few hundred kilometers are reached inland. With this in mind, it would land itself well to the culture of buckwheat as a unifiying factor in the region, since it enjoys quite well warm summers and can work in drier summers as well, but also tolerates cold and humidity relatively well. The mountains would probably greately help in it's cultivation. In lowlands, rice would also be a popular option, ideal for water-logged soils, while millet would be reserved for drier regions. With buckwheat, millet and rice as main crops of the region, steaming and boiling would probably be the prefered methods of preparation. The humans of the region would probably have some East-Asian inspired look to them. While all of them would probably eat buckwheat and rice, the exact stuff steamed on top of the rice would be subject to strong regional variation. Although, napa cabbage, wineberries, eggplants, raddishes and shitakke mushrooms would probably be the most common vegetables consummed, due to being well-adapted to these regions. On the island, the most common seasonings would be citrus, while other regions would prefer sorb. They would also enjoy quite a good amount of kelp, fish and seafood, with this being the most common proteine. The trade winds would make sea-farring more difficult, as it would strongly push the boats more inland or southward, towards an island seperated by a monsoon climate, a savannah one and a medditeranean one. This would perhaps make them quite eager to domesticate figs, or at least insure access to them as well as to okra. In any case, nuts would play an important part of their diet, and would be their main source of in-land proteine, when fish is lacking, although the more in-land area, covered in hot, humid rain year-round, leechee would be the more common fruit. Some varieties of apple would probably be cultivated as well, probably quite unique to these regions. Sauces available would be soya sauce, some garum equivalent and pine oil infused with ginger, garlic, citrus rinds or herbs. While everyday dishes are composed of some boiled grain, with some fish and mushrooms cooked with it and a topping of steamed vegetables, holiday dishes would be comprised of dumplings and noodles, served with a sauce of nutbutter and fruit boiled and salted. For long-term preservation, food tends to be either dried, smocked or lactic-acid fermented. Spices such as cinammon, cummin, anise, cloves, garlic, peppers and ginger would be frequently used, especially in preserves. In drier regions, sage and thyme are prefered, and the flavor-profile is less spicy and relies on more nutty notes to season dishes. On Ezri, the thin band with the subtropical climate to temperate climate would have an agriculture based of rice, buckwheat and oats, with a good availability of sea-foods and mushrooms. This again would encourage boiling and steaming as the favored mode of preparation. The mountains would also encourage cultivation of tea if it is available. Honey would probably play an important role in their local production, same as fruit. This climate would also quite benefit pea, adding again to the boiled food potencial. The bay of Ezri would offer the biggest climactic and geographical diversity present, but all continental, namely Ds, Df and Dm. This would encourage nomadism in local populations looking for any human populations, and would mostly subsist on farming of reindeer, mooses, horses, cattle and geese. The wide shallow sea would be a paradise for kelp, and thus seaweed and fish would also be a large part of the diet. Shallow lakes would probably form from all the snow melt, and sometimes even deep ones, adding many freshwater species to the mixt. Limited pine nut and berry cultivation might occure also. This would also be a prefered place for Dwarves in more highland regions. These dwarves would have some fungiculture to help stave them off the worst of the winter, but still rely mostly on meat, dairy, eggs and berries, although the South might have some rye cultivars that are hardy enough, although with nomadism being the norm, grain would be considered a luxury product. Elves would inhabit alpine tundra and septentrional tundra, and their fungivory would allow them practice agriculture in this hostile climate (many edible species of mushrooms can withstand temperatures in the negatives, and some lichens would photosynthesize down to -20*C), with berries, lemmings and oysters completing their food source. Dwarves might outcompete them out of dry tundra, but the elven hollow bones would make them good candidates for the mountain.

[@ShayminLover492]

With the temperature and precipitation now fleshed out, you can now determine the Köppen climates for given areas, and there are a few easy steps for some of them. Firstly, find any regions where the temperatures stay below 10°C year round, but the summers still stay above the freezing point. Those will be your tundra climates (ET), so you can immediately fill those in since precipitation doesn't matter here. Next, find any regions where the temperatures remain below freezing year around. Those will be your ice cap climates (EF), and you can also fill those in without issue. Next, you can draw three sets of lines as guides: One set will go along the 18°C isotherms for the winters of both hemispheres. Everywhere between those lines will have a tropical climate (Köppen Group A) unless a desert/steppe (Group B) is meant to go there. This is because in tropical climates, average temperatures will remain above 18°C year round. The next set will go along the 0°C or -3°C isotherms for the winters of both hemispheres. These lines will mark the boundary between the temperate and continental climates (Köppen Groups C and D) Exactly what isotherm used depends on who you ask. The last set will go along the 22°C isotherms for the summers of both hemispheres. These lines will mark the boundary between warm and hot summer climates (e.g. Dfa vs. Dfb). Everywhere equatorward of this line with non-freezing winters can be expected to have a subtropical climate (Cfa/Cwa/Csa), whereas everything poleward of those lines with the same non-freezing winters will often have mild maritime climates (Cfb/Cwb/Csb). Although not an official Köppen zone, areas on the coast with oceanic climates will often be home to temperate rainforests, especially in areas where rainfall is relatively uniform year round. After that, you can set up the climate zones based on temperature and precipitation.

[@KingoftheWeirds22]

How would a planetary ring affect this process? I would imagine as a "fourth step" that isotherm cold-spots could be introduced in the winter hemispheres depending on where the shadow is cast. Perhaps decreasing the temperature in that region by one isotherm band? Might not be worth calculating but just adjusting the temperature based on when its in shadow.

[@rossbaygeo]

The planetary ring, depending on density, size, and the obliquity of the planet, would both decrease temperature in the shadow but also increase temperature in the areas that receive the reflected rays of the sun off of the ring (this would impact high and low pressure areas). The impact would be more significant than one isotherm step and have some pretty wide-ranging implications. You would want to understand where the sun for your planet appears in the sky during the day at each latitude and whether or not it would be above or below the ring.

[@KingoftheWeirds22]

@@rossbaygeo Thank you! I hadn't considered the reflected energy. Rings this close to the sun would have to be silicate to last long. Would I be able to calculate the additional solar input by taking the sun's latitudinal irradiance multiplied by the ring's albedo? Would this translate to a sort of migratory hotspot throughout the year?

[@rossbaygeo]

​@@KingoftheWeirds22 Migratory Ringshine Hot Spots and Ringshadow Cold Spots would be the best way to translate this into the guide. I haven't had a chance to think much about how to go about including it, but keep me updated!

[@MasterTMO]

I do apologize if you've talked about this in a past episode and I've forgotten (there've been quite a few of these and my brain isn't ticking on all cylinders right now ;) ), but is there a plan to discuss the effects of past ice ages on the landscape?

[@rossbaygeo]

I believe @artifexian has done a video about this in the past, though if you would like to know about the effects of glaciation on a landscape, I recommend looking for a used or library copy of an introductory Physical Geography textbook like Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography. Look through the appendix or table of context for references to glacial landscapes and the cryosphere.

[@MasterTMO]

@@rossbaygeo *gasp!* That sounds like WORK!!! Ewww... ;) What if I just want to be spoon-fed all the knowledge? (for real though, thanks for the info :D )

[@AlexArthur94]

@@MasterTMO Worldbuilding Pasta has a couple of articles discussing many different types of landforms, including the ones related to glaciers. That would be a faster overview if you don't want to read a whole book.

[@Artifexian]

I made videos on this in the past. But for this project I don't know if I'll have the time to get into that. I mean, I did promise to do some spec bio and conlanging so there's only so deep I can go with the geo-fiction.

[@Artifexian]

@@rossbaygeo Earth: A Portrait of a Planet is another resource. Very beginner friendly and easy to digest.

[@ColinPaddock]

21:04 “Hook it in,” is a phrase pregnant with meaning. “Connect it back together, and apply a bit of a hook shape in the process.”😃

[@hetzer3316]

I see artitexian video, I explode out of excitement

[@the-human-being]

Wowww!!!

[@seeranos]

Will these isotherms have to be adjusted to account for the effects of glaciation and the subsequent glacial water bodies, for the cooling/hydrating effect of massive forests/jungles, and for salinity-based current shifts ?

[@rossbaygeo]

Glaciation, especially ice caps and ice sheets, will impact elevation and thereby further decrease temperature, and the relative warmer temperatures of arid regions, especially in the tropics, is part of the Arid Hot Spot step. As always, one is free to adjust final isotherms to preference. This guide helps build an average surface temperature Normal (30 years) in the winter and summer to assist in modelling climate-so if I am understanding correctly, I would include broad changes in the thermohaline circulation of your world earlier in the process of worldbuilding when you map your ocean currents and decide on the average annual surface temperature of your planet.

[@theapexsurvivor9538]

​@@rossbaygeodefinitely seems like in practice it'd probably be best to treat it like spec evo, where you want to do it from the start of your sim to the end but only focus on the steps that are relevant (you probably don't need to map climate outside of water during your first 50Mya of biotic life and you only really need to map climate at all for each 50Mya time step until the last 1-2 such steps of your sim). You can probably do so simultaneously with the spec evo then, which makes it a little easier to plot the effects of forests and deserts over larger timescales.

[@rossbaygeo]

@@theapexsurvivor9538 Yes, I agree. Climate can change quite noticeably even over a century and I would encourage worldbuilders to create climate maps (and the prerequisite temperature and precipitation maps) for specific periods as necessary depending on the scope of the project. It's best to think of these maps as snapshots. Any climate map that represents a longer period would be much more fuzzy since these kinds of maps are based on averages over time; so a climate map based on a century or more of data would be much less reliable for describing the climate of a locale at any individual year.

[@rickvrieling]

Goodday!

[@charliewilson8782]

Honestly this process seems pretty intimidaing to me. Im lucky if i have time to work on my map once or twice a month, so saying it could take 2 weeks working nights and weekends makes me feel like Ill be stuck on this forever. I looked at the guide on how to simulate temperature and it seems pretty labor intensive too, kind of unfortunate. Do you think theres any way to simplify this into a rough-and-ready sort of method thats quicker but less accurate? I dont want to just skip over it but this methodology just doesnt seem fesible for me. Maybe like identifying the largest (magnitude) temperatures first and then working backwards and eyeballing it from there would get close enough?

[@rossbaygeo]

I would recommend checking out worldbuilding pasta in the description and utilizing Clima-Sim. If the program is intimidating, @madelinejameswrites has a temperature guide that you may find more approachable for your limitations.

[@kroros9900]

Should the seasonal sea ice maps not be changed now? Since for example in your Northern Hemisphere Winter map, you have a -6 degrees isotherm at around 50 degrees latitude, which is way more equatorward than where you initially drew the extent of the sea ice

[@MarsAnonymous]

For the effect of altitude, wouldn't it be easier to first create a temperature map image without it, then subtract the (suitably scaled and/or blurred) altitude map from it to get to essentially the same result of altitude-adjusted temperature map?

[@Artifexian]

I don't quite follow but I wouldn't be surprised if my photoshop skills are non optimal here.

[@MarsAnonymous]

@@Artifexian I would mostly use something that can better deal with floating point maps (like QGIS), but even Photoshop should have both floating-point precision layers (for high dynamic range images, like the EXR format) and the possibility to "add" or "subtract" a layer from another. Gimp for example does since years.

[@theothenintendomaster3717]

The Continental climate has way too many subdivisions in the Koppen system (a total of 12, compared to 3 for tropical, 4 for dry, 9 for temperate and only 2 for polar) so if you want a simple map for worldbuilding purposes only the following climates can be used for the D category: Dfa (hot summer continental basically continental Humid Subtropical), Dfb (warm summer continental), Dsa (continental Mediterarrenean), Dfc (subarctic cold) and Dfd (subarctic extremely cold). Dfd on Cretak is probably only located in your hypercontinental zone in Ezri where temperatures are like Yakutia which is in the Dfd zone. All other subdivions like for example Dwc are too local to really be important even Dsa will only be found in rare Mediterranean mountains as it is located on Earth only in Turkey, Iran, Armenia and Oregon which are all mountainous. Humid subtropical is even more of a mess with only 2 distinctions, for example New York, Atlanta, Sydney, New Delhi, Shanghai and Milan are in the same zone despite having very different climates some having cool winters, others having warm winters and the monsoon version is not even usefull as you have not tracked were would a monsoon on Cretak could exist. The Oceanic Climate, is better subdivided than every other Temperate zone except the Mediterranean which only has one questionable subvariety Csc (which is only found in rare mountains).The problem with Oceanic climates is that the Subtropical highland climate is a Oceanic subtype. Edgar, explain how Koppen could group Dublin (which only has one season "rain'') and Addis Abbaba in the same zone (which sees no Winter frost and is a temperate climate with no seasonal variants). I am no expert on climate zones but the KZbin channel "Geodiode'' is an expert on this topic and you can use his videos for guidance. I hope you can use this information for your project.

[@rossbaygeo]

Hello again, for the guide we are going through the entire Köppen-Geiger climate classification to show the audience how to map all the climates on their own worlds. There are ways to simplify the process for worldbuilders who would like less detail (Worldbuilding Pasta uses 14 zones instead of the full 31); but it is important to discuss these climates because other worlds will be different than Earth, and these worlds may have larger areas classified into climates that happen to be marginal on Earth like Csc. I can say with confidence that the series does account for monsoons in past videos about atmospheric pressure systems and precipitation patterns. As far as Dublin (Cfb) and Addis Ababa (Cwb) both being temperate, cool summer climates, they have winters above 0°C and at least four months above 10°C with no month above 22°C. Dublin is a C climate because of its latitude and the warm ocean currents, while Addis Ababa is cooler than we would expect for a tropical location because of elevation. And while Hyperoceanic Addis Ababa has less temperature variation (about 4°C) than Oceanic Dublin (10°C), Addis Ababa has seasonality-especially in precipitation since it is a wet summer climate-and actually receives more total precipitation than Dublin in a year even though Dublin has more days of precipitation. While there is a degree of variation within climate classifications, they share more in common with other locales in the same classification than with the others, and with other measurements like Continentality and precipitation, we can be more specific about the differences between temperate, continental, and subpolar climates.

[@theothenintendomaster3717]

@@rossbaygeo Last things to note, the precipitation maps for the last couple of videos were too simple and dry. Edgar probably modified them off screen to better reflect real world precipitation and climate.Thanks for the replies.

[@rossbaygeo]

@@theothenintendomaster3717 There are a couple things to consider: first, arid and semi-arid climates (including arid EP/ET climates) make up ~35% of the Earth's surface. In prehistory, there were periods of time where more than 35% of land area was arid. It is easy to under-estimate how much arid land there is on Earth. Second, Cretak is larger than Earth, so precipitation does not penetrate as deeply into the continental interior (Edgar addressed this in the second precipitation video). This effect is coupled with the position of certain mountain ranges that effectively block precipitation from reaching large areas. The amount of arid regions on Cretak reflects the design decisions made throughout the worldbuilder's log.

[@theothenintendomaster3717]

@@rossbaygeo My point was that the precipitation map could be improved. Dryness is more widespread(35-40 percent) on Cretak, but the world is also gonna have a lot of monsoons especially around Degra providing precipitation. Precipitation might be modified too be more of a gradiant(MWJ does that). I know i responded a lot but this information is important for the series.

[@Medixum]

would it at any point be worth considering major meteor colissions when it comes to the makeup of the planets topology? If so how recent would said impact have to be to have any sort of effect on the modern landscape?

[@FanFive5]

Will you have an episode on glacial effects on landforms and stuff, or did this world not have an ice age? I know Madeline James did one.

[@Dracos_Productions]

I really want to get to this stage of the series but no matter what I've tried i cant get my continents cratons from the second rifting event to move together without one of them just teleporting somewhere into the ocean I've followed both the tutorial on yt and pastas blog, to no avail, it would be so helpful if you could clarify the .rot files required for it or even a brief gplates tutorial showcasing multi craton continents rifting apart.

[@EndaWida]

When should we expect to see species and whatnot?

[@ElibertoYepez]

When you get back to how to construct worlds videos, can you do how to construct an asteroid belt?

[@quinterbeck]

Your final map has vertical stripes on some of the temperature regions, e.g. north pole in NH winter - what does that indicate?

[@NeoWish]

Ice

[@ATOM-vv3xu]

What about things like the polar jet? Don't they affect temperature as well?

[@rossbaygeo]

Phenomena like the Polar Jet is incorporated through both the sea-level atmospheric pressure mapping as well as the differences between summer and winter temperatures at poles depending on land-ocean coverage in the temperature guide. The guide models average surface temperatures over a Normal (a period of 30 years) in preparation for modelling climate, so the temperature variations caused by periodic weather events is averaged out; however, certain assumptions may be implicit depending on the kind of world you are making: a colder world in a stadial period could have more intense Polar Oscillations, while a warming world (like contemporary Earth) may have a weaker Polar Jet Stream that causes more meanders and frequent extreme weather (though there is debate about this among geographers, as some recent research has shown the Polar Jet strengthening in the last two decades).

[@ajdogz5088]

Ok fellas, what do you think the climate zones will look like from what information we have so far?

[@Redingold]

What would conditions be like in one of those areas where the isotherms are all bunched up?

[@rossbaygeo]

These places are usually where there are changes in elevation or from a body of water moderating the temperature along the coast. So as one hiked uphill or away from the coast, the temperature would change noticeably over a short period of time.

[@zfloyd1627]

I came early

[@Titanic_Tuna]

Giggidy.

[@agwic]

What do you do for the continentality check if an area is a cold spot in winter, but a hot spot in summer?

[@agwic]

I should note the two places in my world where this happens are two sharp east-facing peninsulas in the north hemisphere at 40-50 latitude, which warps ocean currents so they're affected by warm currents in summer, and cold currents in winter, but since they're so thin, they're supposed to be oceanic, and thus not have much variation in temperature.

[@rossbaygeo]

Hi @@agwic on an Earth-like planet, Oceanic Zones can have a variation of 9°C - 24°C from 40° - 49° latitude as per the guide, so if the summer temperature is ~17°C then the winter temperature could be anywhere from 8°C to -7°C. Warm Currents in the summer raise an isotherm poleward, while Cold Currents in winter do not impact the temperature for this guide, so I doubt there will be more than 24°C in variation.

[@Gamma78.]

Sir can you please do the climate episodes verry soon. I would aprechiate this verry much. We have to do a big school project wich is due in june. I chose to do a big worldbuilding project. im right now at topography. If the whole climate thing is out in the next few weeks i can go more into detail.

[@justsaying4303]

worldbuilding pasta for how to do climate

[@Jpteryx]

If a planet’s gravity is different from Earth’s, won’t the rate of temperature and pressure change with altitude be different as well?

[@rossbaygeo]

The difference that gravity has on the temperature circulation on an Earth-like planet (up to twice Earth's gravity) is minor; however as a rule of thumb, atmospheres on a planet with higher gravity will have less water vapour (and therefore cooler atmosphere) and a lower tropopause. These kinds of atmospheric forcings would contribute to average annual surface temperature, size of Hadley cells, etc. prior to this step. The vertical temperature change on a planet with twice the gravity of Earth is minor until 5 km of altitude and increases slightly beyond that; for example, models predict that on a planet with twice Earth's gravity with a surface temperature of 36°C between 10° N and S, the temperature at an altitude of 5 km would be 0°C (~6°C per 1 km, like Earth); but at 10 km it would be about -38°C (~7.5°C/km) while on Earth the temperature would be around -29°C. However, planets with a higher gravity would also have a direct inverse limit on the maximum elevation of mountains, so the Everest (8,849 m tall) of a planet with twice the gravity of Earth would be 4,424 m tall. Ultimately, the actual impact of the steeper average decrease in temperature beyond 5 km wouldn't be noticeable.

[@ArayazNeverburn]

Wait, aren't they 6.6 degrees apart, not just 6?

[@paxarite]

this is unrelate to the video but in gplate when i want to subduct the ocean with the plate id of 801, i go to the reconstruction pole but the plate id doesnt appear, did someone know how to fix it?

[@kadenvanciel9335]

What’s next?

[@Jpteryx]

Most likely climate zones, since we have temperature and precipitation now.

[@Artifexian]

@@Jpteryx Correct!

[@VallelYuln]

How come the equatorial oceans seem so hot? I always thought the land was hotter than the seas

[@rossbaygeo]

Land can become much hotter than the oceans, particularly arid regions in the tropics, but equatorial oceans receive lots of direct sunlight and water holds heat quite well-sometimes the surface of equatorial oceans can reach 30°C! Part of the importance of the guide and this series is that it can help worldbuilders unlearn assumptions about temperature and climate.

[@lilguyfinish]

Im so lost with your larger arid spot, you said the measurement came out to ~2000km but my planets radis is 50km larger than your sand at the spot where my arid zone extends from 33 to 20 degrees n/s its only 1200km... was that you just worldbuilding fudging it or did I mess up my arid spots initially?

[@NeoWish]

I think he messed up? Even by eyeing it I can calculate the minimum radius of his largest arid spot to be below 1500 km

[@lilguyfinish]

@@NeoWish glad I'm not the only one confused on this one

[@rossbaygeo]

Arid Hot Spots can extend into dry regions of the tropics and poleward beyond 33° latitude, but for the guide, you do need a landmass at least 200 km at the shortest axis between 20° and 33° for an Arid Hot Spot to form. Cretak has a circumference ~1.18 times the size of Earth, so each degree of latitude or longitude is ~131 km where on earth it is ~111 km. The north-south axis of the Ezri Desert is about 16° latitude at the narrowest from 17°N to 33°N, which works out to 2,080 km. If your radius is 7,560 km, then your circumference would be 1.185 times the size of Earth and therefore the distance between 20 and 33° latitude would be 1,709 km, which would be close to the Sahara's north-south width of ~1,800 km, which extends from 16°N to 34°N on Earth.

[@garrettquartararo201]

It says 3h ago

[@ElibertoYepez]

Please

[@Not_Dane_Heart]

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