HEAT TREATMENT OF STEELS 1, HARDENING, TEMPERING, ANNEALING & NORMALIZING OF STEELSMARC LECUYER

  Рет қаралды 564,995

THATLAZYMACHINIST

THATLAZYMACHINIST

Күн бұрын

Пікірлер: 526
@twobee10001
@twobee10001 10 жыл бұрын
I have been a Mould Maker for most of my 62 years of life and you have put together by far the best presentation on the hardening of tool steel yet. I have been shown since my early apprenticeship years, by experienced Journeyman Mould Makers, an unclear method of oil hardening our tools. You have explained it way better than it has ever been explained to me before! Thanks! i can't wait to get back in the shop and practice on some tool steel.
@THATLAZYMACHINIST
@THATLAZYMACHINIST 10 жыл бұрын
Thanks James, I do this for fun and for the pleasure of helping others. Ciommenst like yours make the whole endevor worthwhile. I am touched. Thanks for watching and for taking the time to write, Marc L'Ecuyer
@dannykrumpton4467
@dannykrumpton4467 11 жыл бұрын
Your students were lucky to have a teacher like you, good teachers don't get enough respect IMHO.
@gateway8833
@gateway8833 8 жыл бұрын
I am a retired Fire Chief, I wished I had your vedio when I was a new firefighter. You provide a perspicacious presentation that is concise a understandable. Superb.
@THATLAZYMACHINIST
@THATLAZYMACHINIST 8 жыл бұрын
Thanks abby! Flattery will get you on my good side! Marc
@duks1111
@duks1111 11 жыл бұрын
if i only found this video sooner, instead of 100 other, informationless vids... tnx for the knowledge sir , great video
@dyode1
@dyode1 4 жыл бұрын
...I'm investigating how to fabricate some spring clips to stabilise a baffle assembly in a telescope - and here I discover yet another youtube gem video. Thorough and clear, many thanks for an excellent video, a classic. I've watched many videos before this but none embed the presented phenomena and techniques in a rigorous empirical & scientific demonstration as your video does. A classic. Thanks kindly for your effort.
@jimmytwohats2538
@jimmytwohats2538 9 жыл бұрын
I work in the demolition industry and have cut ALOT of steel over the years (oxy/LPG, thermal lance, hydraulic shears) and love every minute of it. We are taught about heat affecting steel lifting equipment(chain, hooks, FSWR) in Rigging, so I have always been aware of the topics covered above in a broad sense, obviously for the safety factor. This video has just added another dimension to my way of thinking about the whole experience. Literally another dimension. Thank you so much for sharing your immense knowledge mate. Appreciate it.
@fredmaughan5669
@fredmaughan5669 3 жыл бұрын
Great video! You've taken all the mystery and magic out of basic heat treatment - applicable to the vast majority of shop projects. Thank you!
@davidanimator1
@davidanimator1 11 жыл бұрын
I have just gotten into your videos and already I want to thank you for giving clear and simple explanations of fundamental matters in working with metal. Many of the KZbin videos give very poor explanations of the things in their titles and I'm not sure why people bother to produce them. Not all of us have fathers who worked forty years as machinists and not all of us have access to a fully equipped professional machine shop. Thanks again.
@davidanimator1
@davidanimator1 11 жыл бұрын
Don't know 'bout that music, though.
@dginia
@dginia 9 жыл бұрын
Thanks for your insights. My maternal grandfather was a black smith. He told me he was apprenticed to three different men. In each case, when it came to performing a critical operation they would turn their back on him so he could not observe. Being a good student of the College of Hard Knocks, he went around them by reading books at the library. His understanding became greater than theirs. An unconfirmed family story is that he was the preferred sharpener of bits for the Mount Rushmore project because his bits stayed sharp longest of anyone's.
@Daledavispratt
@Daledavispratt 8 жыл бұрын
+Dennis Goodrich Sounds like a classic case in job insecurity, if you ask me. Your grandfather was wise to glean as much from them as he could, which sounded like the very basics...and then educate himself with more pure knowledge unspoiled by opinions. They actually created a better blacksmith by trying to limit his development...nice.
@kkusuwan
@kkusuwan 11 жыл бұрын
Simple explanation but easy to understand that very helpful and educationally. Thanks for your created and shared this great video.
@sharkbaitsurfer
@sharkbaitsurfer Жыл бұрын
That entire presentation is just brilliant, didn't need complex tools or measuring equipment and the visual differences are clearly identifiable, it's like advanced metallurgy for beginners, provided in a way that we can understand. You are an excellent teacher!
@ryanr4939
@ryanr4939 8 жыл бұрын
Stellar explanation of these concepts. I have read it a dozen times, but never has it been so obvious as your explanation.
@dz50790
@dz50790 11 ай бұрын
This is my favorite part of KZbin. Them you for making this video because it's exactly what i was trying to learn
@jmgraffio
@jmgraffio 11 жыл бұрын
This is BY FAR the most informative video I have come across. And I have have watched days worth of video. The way you explained it made it extremely simple to understand and learned some new terms at the same time. GREAT VIDEO!!!!!!!!!! Thanks!
@joebloe9901
@joebloe9901 8 жыл бұрын
Excellent video......No blabbering and right to the point with facts in your face. I learned a lot from this.
@neilyeag
@neilyeag 10 жыл бұрын
Wow, I agree with the previous post. This is the most informative, professional and concise video I have seen, as opposed to a sea of rubbish.
@UniversalEngineer
@UniversalEngineer 2 жыл бұрын
This is FANTASTIC. Finally, I’m understanding this topic due to this excellent explanation and demonstration. THANK YOU SO MUCH!!! Even with an engineering background, I’ve never experienced such clear as this instruction.
@aaronking5076
@aaronking5076 2 жыл бұрын
This is the best technical explanation of these processes I have ever seen. Well done.
@brutalbrital
@brutalbrital 10 жыл бұрын
very good basic information video thank you for sharing your knowledge and experience very welcomed amongst all the rubbish on youtube
@brinschneider9998
@brinschneider9998 2 жыл бұрын
Awesome video! Ive been trying to find a detailed video explaining these processes for a couple of weeks now. Well done and thank you very much!
@a68rebel
@a68rebel 9 жыл бұрын
Best video on heat treating I've ever seen. Very easy to understand. Outstanding!
@roosteri446
@roosteri446 8 жыл бұрын
I've read about austenite, martensite etc. decades ago but now I really understand what it means. The 1-2-3-4 rod was really descriptive what happens inside steel when heating and quenching. This was by far the best educational video I've seen for years in KZbin. I have to check the other videos in your channel too!
@THATLAZYMACHINIST
@THATLAZYMACHINIST 8 жыл бұрын
+Roos Teri Thanks Roos, you can link to all my video on my free website THATLAZYMACHINIST.COM Thanks for watching and for commenting, Marc
@HyperactiveNeuron
@HyperactiveNeuron 4 жыл бұрын
That was not only very interesting but informative. Great materials science lesson.
@piyushKr.pp-p_
@piyushKr.pp-p_ 7 жыл бұрын
awesome knowlege video about heat treatmment ..speaking style is too clear to understand...lot of thanks to u
@gerardopenya
@gerardopenya 11 жыл бұрын
I feel lucky because you are still teaching in this way. GREAT VIDEO AND EXPLANATION.
@tomalbers7021
@tomalbers7021 4 жыл бұрын
Excellent video. You haven't said too much nor too little, and it was easy to understand. One of the best instructive videos I've seen on KZbin so far. I wish there were many more teachers like you. Keep up the great work!!
@Pappaoh
@Pappaoh Жыл бұрын
Outstanding vid sir! Your graphs and explanations made more sense than any I've encountered to this point.
@Sabrinahuskydog
@Sabrinahuskydog 5 жыл бұрын
I'm not really a metal worker but in general working with steel and hardening has always been something I have been curious about. I looked through a few KZbin videos tonight and did not come away feeling like I have learned much, and in general felt somewhat disappointed in most of what I was finding. But then I suddenly found your video. After having watched all of your video, I now feel like I have actually learned something. I feel like I at least understand the basics now. Thank you sir for making this video. You are an excellent teacher and I feel happy to of (finally) learned something new today. I have saved your channel and I will return to watch some more of your videos later when I have more time.
@THATLAZYMACHINIST
@THATLAZYMACHINIST 5 жыл бұрын
Thanks Blueberry! It's all for fun, Marc
@yaarge2
@yaarge2 3 жыл бұрын
Clearest and best paced explanation I've found...thanks for posting
@beerwrench
@beerwrench 7 жыл бұрын
Awesome! As everyone else has said before me, you've made something very complicated, very easy to understand.
@THATLAZYMACHINIST
@THATLAZYMACHINIST 7 жыл бұрын
Thanks Mark! Marc
@kgize
@kgize 10 жыл бұрын
Lazy - You make good informative videos - I love them...your presence is weird enough, and your speech clear and succinct enough, as to add an X factor to your videos that is pretty cool and above the normal BS on YT..thanks..I love em
@tj9382
@tj9382 3 жыл бұрын
This is a very good video, like having a personal tutor. Thanks very much.
@Astro-pb2ss
@Astro-pb2ss 7 жыл бұрын
Best video about hardening and tempering
@nickbriach3015
@nickbriach3015 7 жыл бұрын
I had some fundamental question concerning heating my 4130 alloy. You provided very good instructions on heat treating, tempering, annealing and quenching. Straight and understandable explanations to the process. Thanks!
@SarcastSempervirens
@SarcastSempervirens 8 жыл бұрын
this is pure gold! I'm a newbie and have always known some general info on this, but never got a thorough and detailed explanation like this to really understand it. thank you for your effort, it is very appreciated!
@marclecuyer9930
@marclecuyer9930 8 жыл бұрын
Thanks Sarcast!
@Harrypotergirl
@Harrypotergirl 2 жыл бұрын
I'm a machinist send most of my hardening out but have strongly considered getting into it myself. Been thinking about marketing some knives. Your video is immensely informative 👌 thank you Sir!
@davidhart8835
@davidhart8835 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the video I am teaching myself metallurgy because I would like to make a a blade of some sort for fun. I have a large piece of steel that used to be a cutting edge on a plow. I heard it was very durable steel and to better understand it’s possible application for a blade I have been looking at videos to educate myself on the basic properties of steel and it’s types of alloys. This is the best explained and most educational video I have found yet to introduce me to the basics. Thanks again, hope you are well during these times.
@villeneuvehr
@villeneuvehr 10 жыл бұрын
Excellent video. Everything you need to know about steel heat treating in one place. Thank you very much for taking your time to record this. I need to heat-treat some steel for carving tools i'm making, and this video was just what i needed. Best regards
@stusmith5627
@stusmith5627 9 жыл бұрын
this vid is by far the most detailed and correct vid i have found so far on this subject, and for that i thank you. you have made my day!! well done sir.
@THATLAZYMACHINIST
@THATLAZYMACHINIST 9 жыл бұрын
+stu smith Thanks Stu! It's all for fun but it is nice to know that the videos are appreciated! Marc
@chadc437
@chadc437 9 жыл бұрын
This is an excellent video. Very easy to understand and tremendously informative. I wish I had been able to watch this 20 years ago.
@robertallnutt3717
@robertallnutt3717 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the best presentation on hardening steel. Now it is making sense to me, great job.
@IW4DBX
@IW4DBX 5 жыл бұрын
great school video, as not native english, I appreciated a lot your efforts to speak slowly. I may say it's the best video on youtube about this steel heat treatment
@michaelklepacz
@michaelklepacz 3 жыл бұрын
I’m just so mind blown by this channel. I’m going to try to watch everything from the beginning to present.
@jacksonminnear5928
@jacksonminnear5928 2 жыл бұрын
Great explanation on this topic, This video helped increase my knowledge for my apprenticeship
@gaildimick1831
@gaildimick1831 3 жыл бұрын
That’s a lot to take in, thanks for the teaching, your a modern day Tubelcain. Thank ayou.
@graphique333
@graphique333 3 жыл бұрын
Very instructive, well laid out, coherent explanations. watch this and learn about the general and differing heat treatment processes.
@roelofrosendal
@roelofrosendal 10 жыл бұрын
Thanks a lot for covering this process so methodically and presenting it so absolutely clear. Its easy now for me to chose the best way of hardening and tempering the little anvil I am making with a bar of st 37k steel. I was under the impression that tempering after hardening was not needed. Now I know better. Thanks for sharing your knowledge with us. Roelof Rosendal I saw some comments / critics to your video. I give al lot of musical and technical workshops. All I can say you have given me, and others, an example on the best way to make things understandable.
@niclas8591
@niclas8591 8 жыл бұрын
Excellent video. Clear and concise explanations, nice examples, and not too much information at once. Excellent. Thank you so much, I learned a lot watching it. ...continuing to part two :)
@Thekoolbiker
@Thekoolbiker 11 жыл бұрын
Thank you VERY MUCH. This is invaluable information on a complex subject, so expertly presented to make it comprehensible by us non professionals! Over and above, I can only imagine the amount of preparatory work that goes into each one of your videos so they are as precise, flowing and smooth as they are. My sincere congratulations, please keep up you excellent work. Aris Hadjiaslanis, Athens, Greece.
@DaVe1oo
@DaVe1oo 9 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the video it is by far the best and easiest explanation I've ever seen on you tube.
@MrShobar
@MrShobar 10 жыл бұрын
Marc, I went to college in the U.S. and normalized steel is called it "pearlite" here. A very interesting and informative discussion, my friend.
@fvazquez64
@fvazquez64 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks so much for sharing this very interesting but also important information..!!
@cherrypicker8897
@cherrypicker8897 4 жыл бұрын
Absolutely fantastic lesson. Have been in engineering over 50 years, still enjoy it. Thank you.
@fltwn
@fltwn 4 жыл бұрын
Great job, Marc! Best explanation that I've ever seen of this rather complex process.
@leocrossfield
@leocrossfield 6 жыл бұрын
I am not a metalworker but I have become really interested. I had many questions about these terms buzzing around my head and you have clarified them all. Excellent tutorial and presentation - so clear and unambiguous. Thank you for taking the time to share you immense knowledge on the subject. Very much appreciated.
@THATLAZYMACHINIST
@THATLAZYMACHINIST 6 жыл бұрын
Hi Leo! It's all for fun and I am happy that the video helped. Marc
@1693caterpillar
@1693caterpillar 10 жыл бұрын
Marc: Thank you for this excellent presentation on heat treatment. You have explained to me in a half an hour, what 2 years studying books could not. Thank you very much. I'm looking forward to learning from your other vids. Thanks again for sharing your knowledge....
@patricksullivan4792
@patricksullivan4792 8 жыл бұрын
Thank you. We watched your video today in welding class. The information is great!
@THATLAZYMACHINIST
@THATLAZYMACHINIST 8 жыл бұрын
Hi Patrick! I am happy that the video helped and even happier that you took the time to write. I produce the videos for fun but it is nice to feel appreciated. Good luck with your studies, work hard and be safe!!! It is worth the effort, being knowledgeable and good at something makes a real difference in life. There are a lot of mediocre lawyers (some good ones to) out there but very few top notch welders.
@thomasmare2907
@thomasmare2907 4 жыл бұрын
Incredibly succinct and informative. Thank you
@ciprianokritzinger3636
@ciprianokritzinger3636 7 жыл бұрын
Outstanding teaching video, the best I've ever seen.
@huckleberrysundry
@huckleberrysundry 7 жыл бұрын
I'd pay good money to attend one of Marc's lectures. Very informative, very well done.
@jackroman8821
@jackroman8821 8 жыл бұрын
Excellent video. Very clear and to the point. Well explained and the diagrams really helped reinforce the key points. Thank you.
@AdamBakerBaker
@AdamBakerBaker 7 жыл бұрын
Just found you and looking forward to watching all of your vids. This is invaluable information delivered in a "classroom" type technical way without having to study over pages of material. Your delivery makes it feel almost intuitive despite quite the opposite being the case. Thanks you.
@horsetowater
@horsetowater 4 жыл бұрын
This is really great stuff. Thanks for sharing.
@dave_sic1365
@dave_sic1365 3 жыл бұрын
Very very good explanation👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼
@stevet4064
@stevet4064 8 жыл бұрын
Very informative and well explained.
@terrymurphy8117
@terrymurphy8117 7 жыл бұрын
great video nice to see one that is packed with information that you can trust rare on youtube. and as a bonus Canadian please keep up the great work I am learning a lot
@THATLAZYMACHINIST
@THATLAZYMACHINIST 7 жыл бұрын
Thanks Terry! It's all for fun, thanks for taking the time to write, Marc!
@shoestringeng6473
@shoestringeng6473 9 жыл бұрын
Wow that helped me tie years of info together! This video will really help the intermediate black Smith engineering student as much as beginners thank you again!
@edwingaloustian3783
@edwingaloustian3783 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the VERY informative video. Long back, I took a few material science classes in engineering school ( my major was electronics engineering) - and your video really clarified so much of what I did not quite understand back then.
@nelioj665
@nelioj665 7 жыл бұрын
Very interesting and explained in a very simple way... Brilliant!!!
@carmenespinozahinojosa1871
@carmenespinozahinojosa1871 3 жыл бұрын
Excellent Video!! very clear and graphic
@mermodfreres
@mermodfreres 3 жыл бұрын
So helpful! I'm trying to learn how to repair music box combs.....this explains it beautifully!
@andreacausero4342
@andreacausero4342 4 жыл бұрын
This is high quality teaching! Great video, very insightful and brilliantly explained topics. Well done, sir!
@donaldnaymon3270
@donaldnaymon3270 4 жыл бұрын
Great video. Great info. Thank you for sharing.
@brianbender7438
@brianbender7438 3 жыл бұрын
Wow, good information! He sure knows his subject!
@velcrodreams178
@velcrodreams178 3 жыл бұрын
Great teaching 👍
@Phantom-mk4kp
@Phantom-mk4kp 3 жыл бұрын
Best tutorial on YT for heat treatment
@dannykay4967
@dannykay4967 8 жыл бұрын
Superb tutoring skills! Wish you were my teacher during school years!
@joegarcia6635
@joegarcia6635 9 жыл бұрын
Excellent video. Well explained.
@DK-jt6be
@DK-jt6be 3 жыл бұрын
Thanks a lot for a very informativ and well-explained video. You definitely have a new subscriber! Cheers from Denmark
@Peteworth
@Peteworth 11 жыл бұрын
answered all my questions I ever had about hardening thank you so much.
@brianprocter6191
@brianprocter6191 7 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the link to your video, Very well done. I taught metalwork for years so I have some knowledge. wish I had your video years ago, that was before internet.
@teidenzero
@teidenzero 4 жыл бұрын
This is incredibly clear. I only recently got into knife making and I wanted to dig a bit deeper inside the heat treatment process but I wasn't able to get a clear picture of what's going on and how it works. This is such a well put logical explaination, thank you
@THATLAZYMACHINIST
@THATLAZYMACHINIST 4 жыл бұрын
Thanks TZero! Producing the videos is one of my retirement projects and it's all for fun, but I must admit that it's nice to know that the videos are helping. Marc
@teidenzero
@teidenzero 4 жыл бұрын
@@THATLAZYMACHINIST I am just starting knifemaking as a hobby, I'm waiting for my first piece of steel on Friday! I'm going to send the blade to heat treat somewhere for the first few blades, but meanwhile I'm gathering as much knowledge as I can and this was by far the best bit of information. You gained a new subscriber
@jonathanpeer9025
@jonathanpeer9025 10 жыл бұрын
Very clear. You have explained this topic in an understandable and logical manner. Much better than any book I have read or other video I have seen. Thank you.
@THATLAZYMACHINIST
@THATLAZYMACHINIST 10 жыл бұрын
Thanks Jonathan, you made my day! Marc L'Ecuyer
@jamesgulnick6439
@jamesgulnick6439 11 жыл бұрын
Excellent video. Really helped my understanding of heat treatment.. Plus loved the music!
@alirezasaf
@alirezasaf 8 жыл бұрын
Thank you very much. I just do not know how to thank you, I spent many hours trying to figure things out and you managed to clarify everything I needed. Now, I just can't to wait to share this amazing video with all the students in our team. Also I can't wait to watch all the videos you made. I hope everything goes super well in your life. I hope all the efforts you put in the making of these videos payback really way in whatever way you enjoy it the most.
@THATLAZYMACHINIST
@THATLAZYMACHINIST 8 жыл бұрын
Hi Alireza1 I am glad that the video helped, I produce them for fun and for the good feeling I get from helping others. Thanks for taking the time to write, it made my day, Marc
@alirezasaf
@alirezasaf 8 жыл бұрын
I am so glad to know that I made your day, because you made my day too. Thank you again.
@TonyTooTuff
@TonyTooTuff 4 жыл бұрын
This is the knowledge I was specifically looking for. I look forward to your other videos.
@bibipat1405
@bibipat1405 5 жыл бұрын
Excellent video. Well done
@jpmorgan187
@jpmorgan187 8 жыл бұрын
very nice explanations. someone get this man a high res camera! those blue steels were beautiful!
@MrJgstoner
@MrJgstoner 10 жыл бұрын
This is the most information dense half hour on heat treatment of steel in existence; Produced in a manner that is almost geometrically superior in it's digestibility. Please find a school willing to hire you. I want you at my school very very badly. Your talents are absolutely priceless. If you are willing to relocate, there is a bit of a revival of the machining and industrial arts in the southern parts of the USA. I am not an economist, so I have no idea why this is, but it does appear to be true. Whatever the reason, I'm looking for any excuse for you to continue to give of your skills. Thank you for what you have done already. When we eventually start looking for ways to dig the microchips out of our skulls, we're going to need know how to make the tools
@varmintproblems
@varmintproblems 11 жыл бұрын
Very nice video that explains the basics of metal heat treatment...definitely a must watch for anyone wanting to understand this process. Great job!!!
@Spycontroll
@Spycontroll 3 жыл бұрын
Very clean and understandable tutorial! Thank you very much!
@FunnyVideo-he7hi
@FunnyVideo-he7hi 8 жыл бұрын
nice work sir, its really helping us
@HayabusaRydr
@HayabusaRydr 3 жыл бұрын
Just found this video. Great info and thanks for examples to help show how things work!
@flthmr63
@flthmr63 3 жыл бұрын
Excellent instructional videos for sure. I can’t the believe the youtube algorithm didn’t introduce us years ago.
@wjkahl4900
@wjkahl4900 8 жыл бұрын
Very well done... I wish we had been better able to see the steel colors prior to quenching. This is a very good explanation of hardening and stress releaving. I plan to watch your other videos ASAP.
@robertyoung5748
@robertyoung5748 4 жыл бұрын
I appreciate you taking the time to educate us on the properties of steel.
@habiks
@habiks 10 жыл бұрын
the most informative video in a long time
@jackriggs53
@jackriggs53 9 жыл бұрын
Amazing video. I really enjoy them.
@dunxy
@dunxy 5 жыл бұрын
Great video, presented professionally and concisely in an easy to understand way.Thank you very much! I feel now like i have at least some idea of what to do,never done any real hardening but do have much time annealing my brass for reloading.I purchased 3' of 1/2" silver steel yesterday just to stuff around and get my skills up, this experiment seems like a good start before i even try making a part.I think maybe i just try making myself a center punch or something to start with,do want to make an edge finder as well so that's a basic project too.
@THATLAZYMACHINIST
@THATLAZYMACHINIST 5 жыл бұрын
Hi dunxy! Thanks for a great comment. If you download my project drawings from the first page of my website ( THATLAZYMACHINIST.COM ) , you will find a simple edge finder project. Thanks for watching and for taking the time to write, Marc
@jonarbuckle1560
@jonarbuckle1560 10 жыл бұрын
You are a talented teacher. thanks again (i keep coming back to re-watch things because im a slow learner)
Heat Treating For Beginners
16:51
Blondihacks
Рет қаралды 171 М.
How Strong Is Tape?
00:24
Stokes Twins
Рет қаралды 96 МЛН
VIP ACCESS
00:47
Natan por Aí
Рет қаралды 30 МЛН
Rapid Heat Treating with Salt Pots -The Secret to Ultra Performance?
21:32
Self organising steel balls explain metal heat treatment
8:45
Steve Mould
Рет қаралды 3,5 МЛН
Hardening and Tempering a Chisel
23:46
Christ Centered Ironworks
Рет қаралды 707 М.
Case Hardening 101 - Heat Treatment Oversimplified
17:12
Artisan Makes
Рет қаралды 253 М.
The True Story of Cast Steel (Was Bessemer a liar?)
19:53
Working Wooden Planes
Рет қаралды 176 М.
Inside the V3 Nazi Super Gun
19:52
Blue Paw Print
Рет қаралды 3 МЛН
Properties and Grain Structure
18:30
moodlemech
Рет қаралды 1,2 МЛН