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The Battle of Abu Klea, 17th January 1885, Sudan
The Battle of Abu Klea, (also known as the Battle of Abu Tulayh) was fought between the Sudanese Mahdists and a British Army attempting to rescue General Charles Gordon, who was besieged in Khartoum (“Gordon of Khartoum”).
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During the Battle of Abu Klea a ferocious attack by the Mahdi’s army actually managed to get inside the British Army square.
The ensuing hand-to-hand fighting became a “soldiers battle” where training, adrenaline and personal courage turned a near disaster into a British victory, but at the loss of a larger than life Victorian hero who, some people believe, was the model for George MacDonald Fraser’s “Harry Flashman.”
A British army (under General Sir Garnet Wolseley) had been sent to Sudan to rescue General Charles Gordon who was besieged by the army of the Mahdi in Khartoum.
Wolseley decided to send part of his army on a short cut across the desert to arrive way up the Nile and then to race towards Gordon.
This Desert Column consisting of 1,500 British soldiers was commanded by Major-general Sir Herbert Stewart.
The main part of his Desert column consisted of 4 regiments of the Camel corps plus the 19th Hussars (who were mounted on Syrian ponies), an infantry battalion, the 1st Royal Sussex Regiment and a Royal Navy Brigade armed with a Gardner machine gun.
On the 17th January, the British Desert Column found their way blocked by 12,000 Mahdist warriors at Abu Klea.
Advancing in a square, the British were attacked by the Dervish army.
The Sudanese warriors managed to get to within 80 yards of the British square before the British volley fire stopped them.
Yet, rather than retreating they wheeled along the side of the square heading for the back left corner.
Here the men from the Heavy Camel Regiment were struggling to keep the square intact, not helped by being ordered to open up and allow the Royal Naval Brigade under Captain Sir Charles Beresford to move out with his Gardner machine gun.
Beresford fired off 70 rounds before the Gardner gun jammed and his unit were overwhelmed by the Sudanese.
The left rear of the square dissolved as the torrent of Mahdists surged through the breach.
A mounted Sheik actually rode into the square, planted his flag firmly into the ground and started reading the Koran aloud.
He was shot by an unknown British soldier and fell on top of his banner.
The Battle of Abu Klea descended into a soldier’s battle - officers were no longer able to issue smartly actioned orders - it was a fight to the death.
In the end the British were able to reform their square and the Mahdists were defeated, losing nearly 1500 men.
The British lost 70 men killed and a similar number wounded - 10% of the Desert Column.
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Chapters
0:00 Introduction
1:03 Rescuing Gordon in Khartoum
2:45 Wolseley’s Desert Column
5:15 Colonel Fred Burnaby
6:56 Mahdist Block The Route
8:27 The British Square
11:07 Battle of Abu Klea
14:08 Beresford & his Gardner Gun
16:40 The British Square Breaks
17:50 Square is Saved
22:42 Conclusion
24:40 The History Chap
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My name is Chris Green ("The History Chap") and I am on a mission to share the amazing history of Britain so that we can appreciate where we have come from and why we are here.
History should not be stuffy or a long list of dates or kings & queens.
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