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Tamworth (/ˈtæmwərθ/, /ˈtæməθ/) is a market town and borough in Staffordshire, England, 14 miles (23 km) north-east of Birmingham and on the West Coast Main Line. The town borders North Warwickshire to the east and north, Lichfield to the north, south-west and west. The M6 Toll runs to the south of the town. It takes its name from the River Tame, which flows through it. The population of Tamworth borough (mid-2019 est.) was 76,696. The wider urban area has a population of 81,964.
Tamworth was the principal centre of royal power of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Mercia during the 8th and 9th centuries. It hosts a simple but elevated 12th century castle, a well-preserved medieval church (the Church of St Editha) and a Moat House. Tamworth was historically divided between Warwickshire and Staffordshire until 1889, when the town was placed entirely in Staffordshire.
The town's industries include logistics, engineering, clothing, brick, tile and paper manufacture. Until 2001 one of its factories was Reliant, which produced the Reliant Robin three-wheeler car and the Reliant Scimitar sports car.
Tamworth began as a Saxon settlement in Staffordshire. It was the Tame worth or the enclosure by the River Tame. It was made into an important place by King Offa of Mercia (a Saxon kingdom that roughly corresponded to the Midlands of England). Offa reigned from 755 to 796. He built a palace at Tamworth and it could be said that Tamworth was the capital of Mercia. However, it was burned by the Danes in 874.
Tamworth was rebuilt in 913 by Ethelflaeda the king’s sister. She was called the Lady of the Mercians. In those days both Saxons and Danes created fortified settlements where the local men could gather to fight in the event of an enemy attack. These fortified settlements were called burhs. Tamworth was one such burh. It was surrounded by a ditch and an earth rampart, probably with a wooden palisade on top.
However, Saxon burhs were more than forts they were also, usually, little towns. There was a mint in Tamworth by the 10th century. Tamworth probably also had weekly markets and it was a busy little town. Unfortunately, the Danes attacked Tamworth again in 943. However, Saxon Tamworth soon recovered.
During its long history, Tamworth has been a market town rather than an industrial centre although there was an industry making agricultural machines in the 20th century and Reliant made cars in Tamworth until 1999. There was also a paper-making industry in Tamworth as well as a textiles industry and one making aluminium ware.
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