The Best Fried Bologna Sandwich | SAM THE COOKING GUY

[@seancasey535]

I have never seen somebody have such a hard time cooking bologna in my life🤦🏻‍♂️

[@williamkays3871]

Sean Casey yea that was funny

[@pescoveggie2565]

Lol my thoughts exactly

[@thebahamiancooknook7065]

Kml

[@savage_the_wild]

Lol this video was a total clusterfuck.

[@JohnDavis-yz9nq]

LMAO. This man is a idiot. The bologna kicked his ass. No telling what would happen if he tried to hard boil an egg. Who would make a bologna sandwich on hamburger buns. Too much bread for me.

[@nope5481]

Sam has clearly never been poor.

[@TheFinalWagon]

only those in the struggle know the life bologne and cotto salami sandwiches

[@nope5481]

Dan Harrington ahhh, Cotta Salami. My "go to" after getting bored of bologna. Pro tip. Get fancy with it sometimes. Instead of just cotta salami, mayo, cheese and bread... Throw a sheet of lettuce on that thing. That iceberg lettuce does something that chips jist cant deliver.

[@TheFinalWagon]

thanks for the tip, try a cotto salami garlic salt and cream cheese sandwich dank stuff

[@nope5481]

Dan Harrington garlic salt and cream cheese? Im all over that. I would say try my old favorite poor meal. PB and J with mustard and pizza pringles. But dont. That was a really dark time of my life lol

[@donkster]

I literally went on here to comment the same shit haha

[@ranceruthstrom4386]

You know you are living good when you get more than one slice at a time

[@maj1685]

Or when you’ve never purchased it 😂

[@rondimebagdarrell3766]

😆😆😆🤣🤣 man, these jokes are killing me.

[@lookahere]

I love watching Sam make amazing food but a bologna sandwich here in the South consists of two slices of cheap bread like Wonder bread, 1 or 2 slices of crispy fried bologna and Duke's mayo or Miracle Whip. The cheese is a bonus. 😅🤣😂🤣

[@AnimeOtakuDrew]

I've loved fried bologna ever since I was a kid (I'm 46 now), so I don't need to add this to my recipe playlist, but I always love seeing someone sharing the love of fried bologna. A couple pointers for future efforts in the frying of bologna. You seemed to figure out near the end that the bologna needed to be split pretty far to keep it from bubbling up in the center; I recommend four cuts leaving a space about one inch in diameter in the center (preferably making the cuts BEFORE you start cooking it). Second, it's even better with the thick cut bologna; the thicker slices let you get a better sear on the outside while still having enough bologna inside that you can actually taste bologna rather than just tasting char (if I buy thick cut, it is specifically for fried bologna; thin cut is for regular sandwiches). The only other suggestion I might add is dill pickles; the flavor of some nice dill pickle slices is a perfect compliment to the smokiness of the fried bologna with just the right sear and the creamy tanginess of the mayo--I guarantee it will make it better! If you try it, I'd love to hear what you think of the difference made by my suggestions. As for recommending something different for you to try, I'm sure it wouldn't be worthy of a video, but you should definitely try this if you never have. Peanut butter and bacon sandwich. I know it sounds weird, if not horrible, but literally everyone I have convinced to try it has loved it! Toast up your bread and slather it up with peanut butter, then put on a few strips of nice fatty bacon, hot from the frying pan and still dripping with a little grease. The heat of the bacon softens the peanut butter so it mixes with that excess bacon grease and it all melds into an amazing symphony of flavor! Like I said, probably not worth doing a video about, but you have got to try it!

[@Qixzy]

god i wish i liked peanut butter, that last sandwich you mentioned sounds like it would be amazing to someone who does lol.

[@benpholmes]

Now PBB&J (peanut butter, bacon, and jelly sandwich) . . . now that is the food of the gods!

[@scottiethompson4608]

Anyone who’s shocked about your second sandwich has never accidentally learned anything about Elvis. I have zero interest in Elvis but even I learned about bacon peanut butter sandwiches he’d fly from Memphis to Denver to obtain.

[@sethcragan6649]

I grew up on these... But the best thing I have done was get good quality bologna cut thick, 1/4 inch or so. They are also good with a overeasy egg with a nice runny yolk.

[@georgecoleman4300]

Now, I really wanted to say I made these after school growing up. Glad to know others appreciate hot, crispy bologna and cheese. No onion for me. Just toast, lettuce, cheese, tomato and mayo. Just as good or better than it's bacon counterpart.

[@raleighrmb]

For me its bologna and mayo and some bread. Just a straight little hot crispy fat sandwich. Will always go back to this from time to time.

[@mayo8708]

Yea

[@brandonfleming7118]

You don't need to put so many cuts in it. Just one good size cut down to the center will do it just fine and keep it from breaking apart. Also the normal original Bologna is better than the beef version 10x.

[@tjgordon5]

Wow Brandon Fleming! You are honest to God the first person I've met who prefers regular bologna. You sir, are truly original. I like fried beef bologna better but I prefer normal bologna if it's cold and uncooked. My man Brandon over here standing out with Bologna. Cheers.

[@brandonfleming7118]

@@tjgordon5 Thank you thank you. Someone's gotta stand with it!

[@madgepenelopemorgan2429]

TRUTH! As John Travolta said in 'Pulp Fiction', 'pork/bacon/pork chops are GOOD!` The best tasting 'original' bologna & salami were made using PORK as the first ingredient 'AND' beef as the second.

[@samgutts1357]

In West Virginia ca. 1970 we had fried bologna on a bun, dipped in BBQ sauce, raw onions, dill pickles and a ton of napkins served from the local A&W drive in.

[@jgotsol3]

Next time all you have to do is cut a small "X" in the center of the bologna to keep it to blooming up.

[@elmnoise]

You and Max were on the same page.

[@choppadowneyjr]

Lol fried bologna sandwich is a black thing and that’s the secret

[@dustinalexander157]

Hassan Russell no?

[@elviradistress]

@@choppadowneyjr right lmao! first thing we all learned how to cook when we were younger, you knew it was ready when it bubbled up 🤣

[@sarahm4595]

A "black thing"? Are you fucking stupid? 🙄

[@robertgoudy3223]

"Back up......everybody knows that!" 😵

[@KaPPy83]

Yeah, he comes off an asshole to his own kid in the earlier videos.

[@painexotic3757]

Comes off as a narcissist. Only reason I don't like his vids is how rude he is to the camera guy lol

[@KaPPy83]

@@painexotic3757 it's his kid

[@nasby5093]

Passionate perfectionist can sound like an ass at times but look how much better he has gotten since then. Great channel!

[@fatcheese8088]

@@KaPPy83 I’m a asshole too when I’m stressed in the kitchen and somebody stands beside me, that happens. Anyways good to see how much better the Videos became, Sam and is much more chilled and Max really does his job well.

[@bethy-lou3307]

Only Sam could make a bologna sandwich look amazingly good. I had a lot of bologna, salami and Ramen noodles in college. I thought adding lettuce and tomato slices were gourmet.

[@thetalkingnerdz5347]

Only a Canadian would put bologna on a bun 😂 Someone didn’t tell Sam that bologna should taste like poverty.

[@cordcd7]

Delicious poverty

[@jetsamperes5762]

brisket, all BBQ and most southern dishes started as 'poverty' meals until people figured out it tasted delicious.

[@Bushmaster10MM]

Interesting comment. Understood though. JB

[@papamilfz1565]

Bubba Ho-tep ikr? Real bologna is a painstaking craft, it takes a lot of time and it still ends up being cheap lol

[@jmei46]

Need the thick bologna slices!

[@christopher2399]

This is someone who lived with his mother for 50 years and his mom did all the cooking for him...

[@tombates3430]

This guy literally puts Japanese mayo and onions on everything

[@alexblaze8878]

That’s what arrogant elitists do, they way over complicate a simple recipe to show how ‘avant-garde’’ they supposedly are. Unfortunately they usually just end up looking like an idiot.

[@ChillGuySammy]

@@alexblaze8878 stop being a poor loser

[@bagnome]

I don't know about Japanese Mayo, but regular mayo and caramelized onions taste great on a lot of things. And it's still cheap and not complicated.

[@zackarysmith4323]

Dukes mayo is where it's at

[@bamther5718]

Sam and family..love your show. Another idea with bologna sandwich is how my dad made em. You grill onions and tomato slices cut in half. Put the bologna on flat top do NOT cut bologna. It will rise up and make a cup so you flip over making a bowl. Crack open an egg and drop into bologna cup. Cook till egg is finished then top egg with cheese. Texas toast heated on flat top then construct bologna egg cup with cheese,tomatoes onions,jar hot Italian peppers on top of that the Mao & mustard to taste. This for lunch then Goulash for dinner great to feed da kids on Saturdays.

[@javis2348]

There are so many complaints in the comments. Personally, I love how raw and uncut this is. There are tons of cooking channels that have all the ingredients put out and they act so fake. This is real cooking. If you don't like him or his camera guy, DONT WATCH! and don't waste your time commenting negative things. no one cares

[@bobsandylovinggodagain7811]

Making this tomorrow, one just like he did , then ill try one with a fried egg, then one just like he did and add tomato ,and ill bet they all taste great !!!!! Bottom line 3 different kind all starting with his ,then add an egg to the next one,then add just tomato to the last one....

[@cordcd7]

But the people on KZbin need to hear what I have to say because I need to be acknowledged!!!

[@IrvinGreene8008]

I care! And I don't care that you don't care!

[@riddlescom]

i think he is full of balogny

[@jamiegnosis4876]

The holiday time of year is hard for me, my mom was diagnosed with lung cancer right before Thanksgiving in 2016, had her 1st round of chemo 2 days before Christmas and passed away 6 months later. Our favorite way to spend time together was in the kitchen or on the patio grill trying new recipes and dancing to loud music while having a cold beer. Watching Sam videos reminds me of those times! I wish I would have known about Sam before she passed, she would love the vids and banter between Sam and Max...and the fact there's cursing😄 Thanks to Sam and his crew for being themselves and making great content and recipes I can try with my mamabear in mind🥰

[@YT5052]

aka - "Poor man's steak and cheese."

[@Luke-rt9bx]

Newfie steak haha

[@markbivens131]

My mother taught me how to make them in the 60s, but we put a fried egg and cheese on, not onions or mustard, and used miracle whip instead. You always make 3 cuts around the outsides or cut an x in the center so they don't puff up while frying the bologna.

[@gameguys7138]

Oscar Mayer should definitely start advertising the “porkiness” of their beef bologna.... underrated trait

[@jennifersharp190]

Plus, how you elevate this sammich is to use a good cheese like gouda slices and to actually let your onions cook longer and get major color on them, so they get sweet.

[@MannyTwice]

He clearly doesn't know how to fry bologna

[@ChicknCoopTv]

I don't know why this was recommended to me now but the high anxiety I got from watching the struggle to cut the edges instead of making a hole in the middle 🤦🤦🤦🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣

[@grannygoes7882]

For all the negative comments, I thought the sandwich looked great! That is exactly how I make my hamburgers but next time I'm going to switch out bologna. WAY cheaper now that hamburger is $6 a pound in my area!! I would use cheap bologna though, or you might as well use hamburger. There are lots of good cheap meals to be had. I tried salmon patties with jack mackerel from the dollar store. We loved them, thought they were better than salmon patties.

[@trapp88]

Thick cut bologna works great!!

[@mybotoitchi5048]

you need to add a runny egg on that!

[@swongsonvanee]

YES! You my friend are a gentleman and a scholar...maybe some tabasco or sriracha also?

[@w1zkha]

S Wong now ur talkin

[@elviradistress]

@@swongsonvanee damn your comment reminded me of dont threaten me with a good time now i gotta stop cooking and listen lmao

[@mohammadqurashi682]

@@elviradistress how did it remind u of that song lol

[@elviradistress]

@@mohammadqurashi682 one of the lyrics is "im a scholar and a gentleman, and i usually don't fall when i try to stand"

[@SuzanneBaruch]

I'm not a bologna fan, but I gotta admit, this looks good. On another note: these early episodes make me appreciate the newer ones, where Sam is more organized and not yelling "BACKUPBACKUP!" every two seconds 😂

[@benjaminzarzycki7650]

Add pickles to it and replace the mustard with smokey bbq sauce. Might sound strange trust me its delicious!

[@jlsagely6892]

Benjamin Zarzycki Yep

[@pauldoom234]

Greatest cooking channel on YT. Hands down the best!!!!!! Sam could make anything awesome and tasty.

[@SkaiiLin3]

The only thing he didn’t mess up was those onions

[@Budsandsuds75]

Have you ever tried Pork Roll or Taylor Ham from Jersey? Give it a try. Porkroll, egg and cheese is a staple in Jersey

[@benzarzycki5720]

to make the best fried baloney sandwich ever use some smoky BBQ sauce instead of mayo/mustard and add pickles. it may sound strange but its delicious!

[@knoxgrassdealer3]

Damnit Sam! Im from the south. This is it. Cut the bologna like a Pac man. One cut from the middle to the outside. It does the rest 4 you. Love the channel bro

[@thomasjohnson8336]

That’s the way we did it in the Northeast...single cut from the center out to the edge!

[@lunarmodule9915]

Midwest method too. Bread and mustard only. The faster you can eat it and less complicated the better.

[@joejulius1822]

Same technique in Nebraska as well!

[@jennj5191]

Watched Sam the cooking guy on pbs when his son was little. Never thought to check KZbin. I love this show! People, he's not mean, just sarcastic and funny. He's just chill,a normal guy who likes to eat. His family gets him. He's not trying to be anything but who he is. He's always been the same,not a whole lot has changed. Don't be so sensitive!

[@jakeszetela6537]

Fried bologna is legit. It’s the only way to do it!

[@OscarLopez-pq5fz]

Jake Szetela try fried chicken dipped in ranch breaded with bagel crumbs and an aromatic seasoning with a bit of garlic

[@jamessam1930]

He said back up everybody knows that lmao this fool be treating his son on the stremf

[@frandicoX]

I liked the " we'll figure this out as we go" approach. Fun and informative. Reminds me youre one of us!

[@kristinagwinett5438]

I've never seen someone freak out over bologna before!

[@johnsheehan977]

I know!!! hilarious!!!🤣🤣🤣

[@PrissyHippie]

You can cook boy! I just found this video today accidently while looking for something else. I'm from the South, and I'll have to say you did the poor man's steak proud. I ate bologna all throughout my childhood. Mama fried it like you did on white bread with yellow mustard,, barbecued it on the grill with barbque sauce, smoked it in a smoker, and we ate it cut fresh off the stick on white bread with mayo and fresh tomatoes off the vine. In the summer, I guarantee that's what a lot of folks ate for supper most nights. We bought it by the lb from the local little markets that had a deli. You just can't beat stick bologna. I'm going to have to show out and fire up my iron skillets and blow my family's minds. Thank you for the turned up a notch recipe!!

[@MrScott3060]

My Mother made those all the time when I was a kid back in the 60's

[@mr.bonesbbq3288]

Really nice job, y'all! Fried bologna sammiches was a rare, but memorable treat from my childhood!

[@sheepdog4656]

I grew up eating fried bologna sandwiches. And occasionally a fried egg on top. But know this, not all bologna is created equally. Some of this "mystery meat", i.e. Bar S brand is not fit for human consumption. Boars Head, Sugardale and Oscar Mayer brands are among my favorites.

[@brex5339]

I like hoffman bologna and their white franks are great.

[@Monstermania101]

Sheep Dog I grew eating it to but around the pit we'd hook up hose to feed into the pit and get a couple friends over and we'd all put the hoses by our stink rifles and blast stank rounds through the hose and into the pit so the bologna would get an added seasoning! Great for the whole family :) thanks guys ! Give it a try!

[@nope5481]

Sheep Dog No other description of Bar S willbever be more accurate tham yours. I ate a bite of a Bar S hot dog once....

[@PepsisWarrior]

For true bologna lovers: schwabmeat.com/shop/ THE finest bologna on the planet.

[@thepinkmexicant9744]

Lol i used to work at a deli and i loved boars head bologna but the russers wunderbar bologna or as we liked to call it the welfare bologna was just disgusting

[@dabegmister]

I used to always have peppered fried bologna all the time as a child. It was my favorite

[@KuriosPC]

Even if the camera guy is his son, he does treat him bad.

[@prowrasslinfan3400]

KuriosPC all he did was tell him to move😂

[@SigShooter9mm]

Na, I don't think it's meant in a mean way. He says it all the time

[@ShinxtheGamer]

KuriosPC tough Love

[@symeresymeresson8464]

the lord thanks boss

[@sleepyjoeisnotlegit]

This is why I unsubscribed.. his videos would be cool if he didn't talked or tried so hard. I'm sure his son knows what I'm talking about.

[@lisab.5620]

Yum! JUST made this! Delicious! 😋 Even great with Turkey bologna.

[@mikewaggoner7683]

I'll need to try this fancy version. Growing up, we kept it simple: fresh white bread, mustard and very crispy fried baloney (yes, in the South it's baloney, not Bologna). So delicious!

[@alanm5937]

Use a fork to cut in a half inch into bologna top/bottom/left/right and it reduces the bubbling up. Also allows for more edges to char.

[@Thetache]

"You fucked that one up" love the honesty

[@karendailey8810]

I've been working 16 hour days in school transportation. At the deli this weekend I had 3 very thick slices cut and fried them up tonight. I needed a fast dinner cause I'm dang tired. It hit the spot and my husband was beyond thrilled. Our 14 year old never had a fried bologna sandwich but LOVED it. Sometimes easy things are great. Better than McDonald's for sure.

[@6or1]

Here I am, licking my computer screen, but I still can't taste the bologna. I'm pissed.

[@LordOfNothingham]

My brother loved fired bologna sandwiches. Rest In Peace my brother.

[@normacandela9771]

Oh my god! I love your channel, I love you, and I love this!! You brought back some good memories. I used to prepare this for myself after school when I was 9 yrs. old. (I knew to cut slits in the bologna when it was cooking...lol) It's been quite a while since I've had one, so I'm heading to the store for some fried bologna sammich fixin's!

[@richardblazek4780]

Four cuts on each slice elemenates the center puffing

[@TheDannyberrios71]

“Back up, that’s obvious everybody knows that”

[@CookingwithManualFocus]

5:54 You when realize what you been missing all your life! Sometimes its the simple things in life!

[@Optimist788]

Thick cut Bologna from the deli is the way to go for this sandwich. Not my thing but, for my husband once in a while...childhood memories.

[@marciphillips8682]

I fry my bolonga in butter I put in on bread mayo with provolone cheese and mozzarella cheese then I fry it up in butter like a grilled cheese sandwich..this look good I'll have to try this way

[@xart23x]

How could u call that a porky delight when the package clearly says....all beef.

[@jcollier2183]

Curious. Is the mayo you're using homemade, and you use a plain container? Or is that a brand with the label removed? Thanks!

[@seanconner5787]

"You want this gorgeous color on here." Says the guy who didn't know to slice the bologna before frying.

[@philhertz6893]

Ok. I’ve watched him make a sardine sandwich. Now bologna. What’s next? Grilled cheese? The intriguing part is that he makes the simplest preparations appear difficult.

[@callilubiens]

It's not Oscar Meyer. It's Oscar Mayer. Always has been. MANDALA EFFECT BISH!!!

[@michaelvarble4392]

In the south where I am we use a half inch thick slice of bologna and we use peppers and onions with Sharp cheddar cheese either way is good

[@johnwayne3085]

I saw this episode before, except you did exactly the same thing just with ham and titled the video different.

[@nicedye]

I love onions I mean love onions but if you do the same with an egg over medium instead of the onions it’s amazing and simple. Also they make a thick cut style which is bomb. I also cut it 4 ways kinda like a cross to keep the most contact with the pan.

[@SomethingDeepMunich]

yeah he's pretending like he invented something new every time and in the end its just something which everyone could come up with.

[@savage_the_wild]

Gwaltney brand bologna(if you're in the south you know), garlic cheese Texas toast, velveeta cheese, fried egg, and topped off with a bit of plain lays potato chips on top.

[@christofarnucc1344]

i can't believe they're coming for the fried baloney too. is there anything these people won't subvert?

[@1882Stu]

christo farnucc what 😂😂😂

[@genoitaly04]

Gotta give it the triple cut, was my first cooking experience as a kid of 9, it won’t puff up as much. Just Sayin

[@kyarakll4os7]

Make an X in the middle of the bologna instead of cutting around the edges

[@JohnDavis-yz9nq]

kyarakll4os7 this man could live to be 200 years old and he would never figure that out.

[@jamespyle9088]

As a condensour of bologna sandwiches may i suggest making 3 small equally spaces cuts so when it cooks the cuts spread and the bologna doesn't bubble up. Also I like Cotto salami much better when making these.

[@biggstankk420]

Imma say it one more time CUT THE DAMN BOLOGNA IN THE MIDDLE TO LET THE DAMN STEAM VENT

[@armin3689]

how do you call that flat top frying thing for sandwiches?

[@afevis]

Give lebanon bologna a try

[@afevis]

ShellLoves Jesus It's more akin in flavor to salami, but softer like bologna

[@brhc99]

lebonon would taste great! gonna try it

[@wilfbentley6738]

You guys need to look up Wilensky's in Montreal. Their bologna special has been unchanged since 1932. Folks rave over it.

[@ChristaErika]

I looks like it could use pickles.. but it's a "deff must try" ...

[@MannyTwice]

You've never had fried bologna?

[@georgeballard6452]

i grew up in ky. and had fried bologna sammies all the time. this is, by far, the best looking one i have seen. definitely gonna try this.

[@brianwilliams7811]

Dude! You never had pork roll? Come to Jersey, Sam.

[@johnsheehan977]

There's something about the bologna and American cheese that is just delicious!

[@JCrook1028]

How do you become an adult w/o making fried balogna! :) Good stuff.

[@Michael_Miller508]

One of the best sandwiches of all time

[@Hmellon92]

This is Sam at his douchiest lol. The food is good but man treat the people around you better!

[@Garth2011]

Sam, its the casing around the perimeter of the bologna that shrinks causing the center to rise. It may help to simply cut the casing off or slide it as you do in the video. Looks pretty good for a quick bombs a way sandwich.

[@veydveydveyd]

He was a mess in this

[@alexblaze8878]

He usually is.

[@chrisberry3146]

First time I seen this one! Vids have come along way in 2 years!!! Very nice

[@lujanreggae6671]

Someone didn't take their meds

[@GreyMessenger]

This has to be my new favorite channel now. Everything you fix looks amazing!

[@desmondedwards7607]

Seriously you're the cooking guy and you didn't think to use a knife instead of scissors first???? Crazy shit

[@oliverhall8166]

Cutting on a flat top is horrible for the knife. Cooks have much respect for their knives.

[@desmondedwards7607]

@@oliverhall8166 A plain butter knife would do the trick, it's bologna not steak.

[@josecaraballo6053]

Great Sandwich and affordable...I like it.. Maybe a fried egg on top that would give that sandwich energy...

[@tmontana558]

You call yourself the cooking guy and can't even make a bologna sandwich

[@IonicSarge]

The best way to cut the bologna to keep it from bubbling up in the center is to either cut a tiny X in the or to start at the center and cut on small line down the radius of the bologna

[@joannabratton5941]

Anyone else get the feeling that this wasn’t rehearsed? But it looks tasty!

[@darbymckilkannoncaid3279]

it never is

[@JeffFrmJoisey]

Bologna & mayo? Not so sure. Mustard - Yes!

[@willinghamsctt]

If you are going to use balogna, please go to the deli counter and get a decent German Bolgna, not that fake oscar myers crap.

[@kastmeka6204]

Scott Willingham , Deli bolo comes from Oscar Mayer too. They make in three and six foot logs. 😳🤪

[@CP-os1pc]

I had fried baloney every Saturday One of my favorites Sam get better baloney and that cheese isn’t cheese Get some Boarshead thin, a really good Swiss cheese, I’m good with the onions and toasted roll

[@tox7841]

fried bologna always gets ketchup. add a fried egg next time ;-)

[@sheepdog4656]

Ketchup??? lol....No way but the fried egg is a must...

[@tox7841]

Sheep Dog ketchup absolutely! :)

[@tox7841]

Only when is fried tho lol

[@sheepdog4656]

Next thing you know Sam will be making something special using SPAM. Lol...But it's all good. Always willing to learn.

[@killuminatiallthruyabody5516]

Mustard

[@SladeSardine]

MAX VS SAM needs to be a show. Iv'e never felt 'on air' tension like these two.

[@cpg1388]

I don’t have anything good to say

[@angelabender8132]

C PG lol anyway

[@royordway9157]

We used to have a "fried bologna cup with mashed potato" with a scoop of discussing veg on the side. It was the second most popular meal after cheese pizza. Sam should watch some KZbin videos that show how to get all of the ingredients ready before he starts to cook, LOL, Wait, this was 6years ago, maybe he has done that now. We all love you Sam.