The Cartwheel Galaxy | Space is Weird

[@veqv]

Smethurst's Law (or Smethurst's rule of astronomical discussions): "As an astronomical or cosmological discussion grows longer, the probability of fixating on black holes approaches 1"

[@MrPostm]

This is a fine law to live by, if you ask me! I find it to be true in many of my astronomical conversations as well.

[@DrBecky]

😂 I love this! And I’ve always wanted a named rule

[@TheBasqueWasp]

@Idiot Online Wondering Aloud 6:41. Written accretion spotted... Ladies and Gentlemen, take your shots!

[@JimWarp93]

Well, aren't Black Holes at the center of everything anyway ?

[@vincentpelletier57]

"Smethurst's rule of astronomical discussions", that's "SRAD"! (Or S'rad, to make it more rad?)

[@joethemariner]

I have never thought about what LIGO is sensitive to. That would make for an interesting video Dr. Becky.

[@Attlanttizz]

+1

[@Urroner]

Ditto

[@WhiteCollarCrimeDNB]

Ligo is sensitive to comments about its size. Please refrain from making smart comments about kilometers in its presence.

[@Attlanttizz]

@@WhiteCollarCrimeDNB =D

[@aaronmicalowe]

And I bet there isn't a video on it already so would be a valuable addition to the subject.

[@pafnutiytheartist]

LIGO is very fascinating, so yes, please do a video (or ten) on it.

[@mcnultyssobercompanion6372]

Of all my friends I'm the only astronomy-nerd. I believe part of the reason I like Dr. Becky-vids is they're like intermittent conversations I can (sort of) have with a surrogate astronomy pal. An astronomy pal who's incredibly more educated than me. Never a chore, doctor.

[@michaelworkman4057]

Nobody's going to mention how great that photo of Fritz Zwicky was?

[@ronaldderooij1774]

Zwicky was underrated, both as a theorist and an observer. That was because he had a very, very bad mood all the time and hated to communicate with people. He was the opposite in character of Dr. Becky. But his scientific work was excellent. But because of his character, his colleagues did not really apreciate his work.

[@petercarlson811]

@@ronaldderooij1774 And he coined the term the "big bang" in a radio show, if I remember correctly. He was a firm believer in the static universe model.

[@CheshireTomcat68]

Or Frtiz, as his friends call him ;-)

[@mitseraffej5812]

Ronald de Rooij . I understand Fritz Zwicky was the first to raise questions on how observed galaxies can spin so fast and not fly apart, postulating what is now referred to dark matter. No one took his ideas seriously until the 1970s.

[@vanessacherche6393]

@@petercarlson811 I believe it was Fred Hoyle that did that, remembered it from a documentary and just double checked on google...

[@TraneFrancks]

"Let me know" ... Honestly, I'm perfectly happy to listen to you discuss literally anything about which you're passionate.

[@mcnultyssobercompanion6372]

Also, for what it's worth, my favorite galaxy is the Black Eye Galaxy. I'm fascinated by galaxy morphology (the computer simulation in this vid of the Cartwheel was pretty amazing), and the enormous, charcoal dust lanes of The Black Eye Galaxy create quite a distinct contrast against the light shining out from its core. You really get a sense of the depth and thickness of all the material cascading around. It looks, even sort of "feels", like something you could dive deep down into. I find it beautiful. I very much identify with what Dr. Becky says in this vid- I could stare at The Black Eye Galaxy all day.

[@ethanpoole3443]

There’s nothing wrong with being fascinated by black holes as they are pretty amazing. Besides, your fascination and love for astronomy and physics is an integral part of what makes you so enjoyable to watch - you really love your work and that enthusiasm is very attractive (and now we are circling back to black holes...). Don’t ever lose that love and fascination!

[@davidmccoy9021]

Yes, please. A video on LIGO would be fantastic. Thank you for sharing this information.

[@denisdaly1708]

Lots of reading and prep gone into your videos. I appreciate this.

[@DrBecky]

Glad to hear it Denis 👍thanks for watching!

[@freddan6fly]

Love your videos Dr Becky, you are always so enthusiastic.

[@annsidbrant7616]

Hi, Dr. Becky! As a long-time complete amateur, I love blue stars. You, the astronomer, are fascinated by black holes. The Cartwheel Galaxy has a lot to offer to both of us! :-D

[@Darthaisplayground]

One dislike on the video is from the poor old Penguin Galaxy

[@danbhakta]

Wasn't me, though I wouldn't mind a galaxy full of penguins. ;)

[@robertburdoff1789]

I did like the video - but was just being a clown with my comment :)

[@sagethephoenix7494]

Love you Becky, I can't help but talk about black holes too if they come up in conversation, they're so amazing and so weird!

[@patrikhjorth3291]

In a way, everything revolves around black holes.

[@TabulaRasa001]

I think I'm quixotically in love. Don't ever stop making space videos.

[@MatthewQuigley]

Thank you for explaining this amazing galaxy. I like the way you present science. Martin, geologist

[@joegillian314]

These time scales are so vast, it's almost unfathomable. It's fascinating that we can know these things; that we can be so resourceful in our methods of investigation.

[@richc47us]

Enjoy your personality that comes across on this technical topic...especially the out takes...haha...Good job!

[@deancyrus1]

I learn so much because in transfixed on every word you say. Thanks

[@TheOicyu812]

This video needs to be updated now that the JWST has imaged its own version of the Cartwheel Galaxy.

[@wardsr]

I agree with Joseph below. Thanks for making the field fun to listen to!

[@r.kellycoker1981]

Your post videos of your goofs are very entertaining. Oh, yeah, you're very good at presenting the material, too.

[@jeremyturner2873]

Congrats on 40K subs!

[@krrobinson1260]

Thank you Dr Becky for your insight into the cartwheel galaxy!! I found it very interesting and very timely. Astrophysics is such a dynamic field of study, it's only by programs like yours the ordinary person can get a sense of understanding for current studies. Besides that, you are fun to watch and I get a kick of your song references. Thanks again, your friend in New Mexico, Kim.

[@jscarborough9928]

Questions regarding the merger of black holes: 1. Do the two stop orbiting and fall towards each other when their event horizons touch, or when the overlap is big enough for the one of the black holes to fall within the event horizon of the other? 2. If the latter, what is the physics of the space inside the overlap? 3. Do the event horizons have "tides?" (Does the presence of another black hole distort spacetime, resulting in a non-spherical event horizon?)

[@doug834]

I would love to see more about LIGO and how it works and what it's sensitive to. I always learn a lot from your videos and I would love to learn more. Thanks for your great work!

[@lsd25records]

love your content.... immediately subbed ........ science soothes my mind..

[@AJVainio]

"Delta of 50kly - SLIGHTLY biggger" astronomy is trippy xD

[@skateebee]

Fantastic video as always! 👍

[@BothHands1]

I love these videos so much I'm sure whatever you choose to talk about will be interesting. Talk about what excites you and it'll be exciting to watch. So def make a vid on ligo and its detection frequencies if you like the topic :)

[@nickdiamond7595]

I "like" this video even before watching it because I know I'm going to learn something.

[@nickdiamond7595]

And Dr. Becky didn't disappoint.

[@nimueh4298]

What a beautiful looking galaxy, amazing.

[@Rescheff]

The examples you bring are excellent and are helping allot, to understand the lecture... Thanks

[@nicholasn.2883]

This is the circus galaxy. It is fit for individuals such as myself

[@cmpe43]

Thank Dr. Becky for not having the heavy stuff on when you blow our minds with stellar nature.

[@cmpe43]

And why arent magnetic fields talked about? Is it a given? Why is subject so dark?

[@Anarchosyn]

Yes please! I’d love to hear a LIGO sensitivity video!

[@Strype13]

One very interesting thing I notice when looking at the spectrum map is... the Cartwheel Galaxy doesn't appear to have a SMBH (no large X-Ray source) in it's own center, even though it does have a very large 'central bulge.' Has this been explained, by chance?

[@sandman7955]

Love your enthusiasm

[@ganymedemlem6119]

Ring galaxies are my favorite. Every one is so beautiful.

[@TheAltitudejunki]

Out takes.... Love them🤪🤪 yep more on ligo please👍

[@IanGrams]

What are those "pulses" in the ALMA observation?

[@CarolinaSkyAstronomy]

That is a really cool looking galaxy. Great video Dr. Becky thanks for sharing

[@Tids_]

Dr, the universe isn't the only thing expanding rn

[@ps200306]

Fabulous description, Dr. Bex. It conjures up one of those ultra-slow-motion videos of an apple exploding as a bullet passes through it, with the Cartwheel as the apple and the companion as the bullet! Insufferable pedant alert: at 1:20, a bunsen flame is blue because of emission in the Swan bands due to C2 and CH ... it's not nearly hot enough to be blue in the black-body sense like OB stars. I'll shut up now. 🤐

[@GregorShapiro]

Definitely do a video on what & why LIGO and other sensors can and cannot detect!

[@mikel4879]

Well, yes, please do a presentation with two black holes frolicking together...and a humongous elongated asteroid thrusting into their black area... That's a wonderful merger...

[@Mr1995Musicman]

Would love to hear about what LIGO is sensitive to, as well as what future upgrades might be sensitive to and what questions that would help answer

[@palfers1]

Lovely presentation.

[@Strype13]

The Cartwheel Galaxy has always reminded me of a 'less vain' version of Hoag's object.

[@brettstephens4063]

Thank you for sharing the knowledge, I love your vids! The thing that freaks me out the most is that all the things our telescopes see today happened thousands of years ago 😱

[@Bring_MeSunshine]

Yup, do a vid on Ligo's sensitivity and, if you're up for it, include something about where we are in terms of the next generation of similar space-borne interferometers, since that will up the scale and the sensitivity. I know it's a cheeky ask, but it does lead back to black holes

[@leifharmsen]

Presumably every smbh was intermediate at some point. 2 intermediate size holes instead of a single smbh would orbit each other rather than sit at the galaxy centre creating the centre and ring pattern. Our galaxy has a dominant smbh at its centre which is why we're a simple spiral like a hurricane.

[@jonbold]

+Why are there no intermediate black holes? Dr. Becky, It seems to me that a young, clean accretion disk with full spin could have a maximum size limit because all mass above a certain threshold would be converted to plasma in the normal relativistic way, whereas a SMBH might not be able to muster as much spin, having done too many mergers ( having eaten too many donuts ), its rate of rotation compromised by random mergers. I think this is IC-1101's problem. Just a thought. Also, perhaps the ring galaxies are the results of a sudden tremendous increase in TD at the core of the accretion disk caused by the sudden insertion of a great mass, causing a huge transient output. The fact that all stars in the ring are young and much the same age would be a clue. The fact that there are multiple pair of arms inside the ring would be another clue. Thanks for reading. Great video!!

[@AnonEyeMouse]

Layman's question. Thinking of unique collisions etc. If you had a small black hole trapped between two other, much larger black holes, could the rule about 'nothing escapes' be broken? And what, in your opinion, would that material look like if it could be pulled apart and escape?

[@cryptobrian4732]

LIGO sensitivities video please. Also thank u for all the good videos.

[@matt1234link]

Love the enthusiasm you nerd 🤩

[@montech5647]

You deserve much more subscribers

[@m98de]

Cant wait for the next week video

[@Veptis]

I sadly have to report a negative on my observations yesterday night. My camera was out of focus for the 9 minutes of integration time straight up, and only the remaining 5 minutes of a different framing were good. My mistake. In a good 20 minutes of laying on a tiny road in a field I saw 2 bright and like 5-7 miniscule meteors. It's a little early for the Perseids as peak is 10 days away. But the seeing was great and also no moon. I will attempt again in the next few days, as we are also running a 'long exposure' challenge on the photography Discord. Video pears very grainy, and previous videos were not. There is digital amplification or higher ISO (in most cases sensor dac amplification).

[@softgoodsint]

So glad I noticed your post only two days ago, since you point out the "Perseids" is now a week hence, and I could have easily otherwise have ... ahem ... "spaced it" (sorry, hope you like a bad pun). When I lived out West, I used to love to go to the "Green River Intergalactic Spaceport" (I swear, that's the actual name), a remote mountain top landing strip in Wyoming, perfect for watching the Milky Way and meteors. At least we liked to believe it was in Wyoming, although I'll forever be convinced that if there is a wormhole to another galaxy, it was there. So MrVipitis, thank you for the heads up (literally), as now I know to have my camera and tripod at the ready next weekend. Cheers!

[@notjimpickens7928]

Another good video, I honestly didn't even know any of this.

[@MrGaborseres]

That is fricken cool Dr Becky, 🙂

[@alexdevisscher6784]

Great vid! Are those accolades in the background? The resolution of the video is not quite enough to resolve the text.

[@kadourimdou43]

Would you do a video on S5-HVS1 Star that’s been shot out of our galaxy by Sag A*? What happens to Stars like this. Do they make it to other galaxies?

[@CJonestheSteam72]

As a layman I would have thought ligo would have been sensitive to all gravitational waves, unless it's a size Vs frequency thing that a SMBH is outside of? Yes, would be very interested in a video 🙂

[@rkpetry]

*_...a lot of the 'intermediate' mass holes are going to be tight-formations of smaller, acting collectively bigger and whence will have sunk-down toward the main central collection... meaning you'd find more 'intermediates' already-gathered within the 10× local-zone around 'supermassives'..._*

[@NicholasSibille]

Ligo video? Yes, please!

[@Walter-Montalvo]

I thought that LIGO would detect gravitational waves regardless of frequency. A video explaining why an observatory as LIGO have a limit in the frequencies, what frequencies LIGO is sensitive to and why those frequencies were selected would be great

[@WoodysAR]

I just subscribed and now I'm waiting for the Cart _man_ Galaxy!! (A SLOBular Cluster?? ;~)

[@BrisketChef]

Dr Becky, I'd like to ask if you could discuss Hawking radiation since the topic of black holes keeps being discussed in your channel. Thank you for your content!

[@alankilgore1132]

Dr. Becky. I love your videos and was checking out this one when I noticed you comparing side by side the Cartwheel with Hoag's Object. You showed them appearing the same apparent size even though the Cartwheel appears 3-4 times larger (1.1' x 0.9' to .28' x 2.8') . Just thought you should have noted that on the image or showed the Hoag's Object smaller in comparison, OR, showed their actual size on the image. Are you going to be appearing or doing a book signing here across the pond anytime soon?

[@baumbiber3115]

1:27 that reference to a bunsen burner and candle is wrong. It looks blue not because it is so much hotter, but because it is the spectral emission of specific radicals (CH, C2 and OH) that appears as a intermediate product in the combustion. A candle has the exact same blue shimmer, but it is only visable at the base of the flame. On the rest of a candle the yellow-orange glow of the soot particles (which oxidize slowly on there way up) is too bright to see the blue. I hope to shed some light on this misconception ;)

[@softgoodsint]

Agreed, helpful clarification. I know tuning my Natural Gas furnace for air mixture is based on flame being blue as a rough way to adjust the mixture of O2 for the given CH4 flow. All that said about combustion, in the case of star colorizing toward blue, are you saying that's chemistry more than temperature? I could see differently created stars to have different chemistry from that of our own sun, might have different coloration to their luminescence. In other words, I could buy either solar chemistry or temperature based luminosity coloration. I'll concede my own science skills are too rusty, but I've got to give a kudos to these science vids to bring me back to it and digging deeper - I find them completely entertaining. Oh, did I mention that I find Dr. Becky completely engaging, a charming conversationalist, even if I'm only just listening.

[@baumbiber3115]

@@softgoodsint the color of a star is almost entirely dependent on its temperature, all stars are made of 99% H2 and He, so there is little to no diffrence. And with simple black body radiation you can derive the wavelenght (color) from the temperature

[@RichardT2112]

Hotter things burn blue ... hmmm ... would explain your choice in colour for a shirt today ;) Very much enjoy the videos, although I’d like to see more air drumming to Genesis in future videos.

[@jonleonard538]

Black holes of all sizes are the dominant objects in their areas. Thus most of the obvious happenings in the universe is effected by or will effect, like make, a black hole.

[@allamasadi7970]

Do a collaboration with a car channel, you could talk about the constellation that the Subaru Logo is based on and how to find it - also you could explain orbital mechanics by having high performance cars doing drifting maneuvers. This is a great undiscovered channel deserves more views.👍

[@VolkerHett]

Allama Sadi yeah! With car throttle, Alex could double as host and the white dwarf 😀

[@AthAthanasius]

That's the Pleiades star cluster, isn't it? aka "The Seven Sisters". Indeed, wikipedia concurs: "Subaru is the Japanese name for the Pleiades star cluster M45, or the "Seven Sisters" (one of whom tradition says is invisible - hence only six stars in the Subaru logo), which in turn inspires the logo and alludes to the companies that merged to create FHI"

[@allamasadi7970]

@@AthAthanasius that's correct☺

[@allamasadi7970]

@@VolkerHett Definitely, I am sure Car Throttle viewers will enjoy a video like this.

[@anthonydees1189]

Could you do a segment on what becomes of space-time as it is pulled towards the center of a black hole?

[@allenhonaker4107]

Collision!!! Hello State Farm I need the chief claims adjuster🤣🤣🤣

[@zapfanzapfan]

Video on LIGO, VIRGO and LISA, yes please! :-)

[@adamburtt7712]

if a black hole has no more material to acrete, what happens? does it require more matter to exist? could we see it if there was no accretion disk? Honestly I could watch a full length film of you just talking. I love this stuff. Thanks for doing it

[@intelligentcomputing]

LoL - liked it for the thumbnail alone!

[@martinpickard6043]

Yay, Dr B has posted 😃👌

[@darrendred1]

It's beautiful for sure but new data shows that the milky way is larger/bigger/wider than you said. Maybe something on that please. Looking forward to it

[@13thAMG]

Again, respect to you Dr. Very interesting. Heat wave. Ha ha ha. Oh pllllease! I'm a Scotsman living in Australia. That's not a heat wave over there. It's a bit of sun. Ha ha.

[@DrBecky]

Hey it got to 38 degrees here! Without A/C that is hell 😂 especially trying to sleep

[@13thAMG]

@@DrBecky 😉👌😊

[@jimmyshrimbe9361]

Yes!! I'd love for you to make a video about LIGO!!

[@darthcalanil5333]

The Worm is love. Gravity is desire.

[@rayhuster5212]

Looks like a "Pasty" I saw at Mardi-Gras a few years ago! Needs a tassel but still beautiful! Where's the other one? Down the rabbit..er..black hole maybe?

[@willwarden1631]

I figured it out the Hoags object is the same thing as a beluga whale blowing a bubble ring. The outer ring must be moving really fast towards or away from us. It’s interaction with nearby gases is analogous to the fluid dynamics of the beluga bubble ring. Dr.

[@sagethephoenix7494]

The structure of the central bright glow is VERY intriguing to me....it doesn't look like a typical galactic core, and it doesn't look like a small elliptical galaxy, and it doesn't look like a black hole accretion disk...how did that central structure come to look like it does....

[@ernesthamm1813]

of course we want you to tell us about LIGO's capabilities and sensitivities!! I love watching your videos btw! also I have a quick question, when you said a galaxy was/wasn't "star bursty" could you explain what that means exactly? honest question!! I don't want it to seem like I'm poking fun lol. even if someone in the comments could clarify that would be cool.

[@DrBecky]

It means that a galaxy could be forming stars at a steady rate (day the equivalent of one sun a year) but hasn’t had a big burst ever (making say 100 suns per year for a short period of time )

[@ernesthamm1813]

@@DrBecky oh gotchya! ok, I see. thanks for that, I appreciate it!

[@will2see]

You say there are 4 different ideas floating around about how intermediate-mass BHs form. I am sure there are more than 4, but what I am really surprised is that you didn't mention the direct collapse scenario.

[@DrBecky]

Direct collapse is usually used to explain 10,000 solar mass seed masses for supermassive black holes - I made another video on this a few months back kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z16kY5-mo8eHg68

[@sent4dc]

5:44 I'm puzzled. What's this glow/animation thing? The light can't move that fast through that galaxy.

[@mk1st]

More on LIGO? Yes please.

[@inerlogic]

"I could literally stare at this thing all day..." That's how i feel about this channel ;)

[@perrydowd9285]

Oh wow! There's a Penguin Galaxy too!

[@lindsayforbes7370]

Please do a video on gravitational wave detection. Not just the LIGO part of the spectrum but how we might detect the ultra long wavelengths from smbs. You didn't need me to ask 😁

[@woowooNeedsFaith]

6:25 - "We see a lot of those micro lensing events" - Really? Please tell us more! 8:46 - Of course you should... Like it were common knowledge nowadays.

[@jwarmstrong]

The Cartwheel Galaxy was a spiral until a few stars went supernova which caused a chain reaction of supernovas by the addition of expelled matter to large stars. Over time the nova pressure moved matter inward & outward forming the cartwheel.

[@evileye1968]

Black holes have so much mass that even Becky's attention is unable to escape them ! :-) Thanks for the video Becky!

[@nigeldepledge3790]

How is the ring still so blue if it's 200 million years old? I was under the impression that the hottest, bluest stars tend to go supernova after a few tens of millions of years.... Also, I'd love to see you make a video about how a supernova gives rise to a black hole - including a bit of detail about how the shells of different fusion reactions and the shock waves contrive to both fling most of the star's matter outwards and overcome neutron degeneracy pressure to collapse the core into a black hole. Also, where do the neutrinos come from...

[@WillPittenger]

Your mention of supermassive black holes got me thinking. Would the Magellanic clouds ever have had them? I'm assuming those hols would be tough to detect now as they might be no where near the rest of the mass.

[@peterdetemmerman3034]

I bet so goes smiling again watching the new images nircam and MIRI. it shows again the awesome quality mostly i like the outer ring and more galaxies in background and most impressed by MIRI cause there in the right bottom the star i thought on nircam looks more like a black hole in that one. I can't wait for her reaction and insides on the new jwst picture