The difference between FM and Phase Modulation - Examples with gen~

[@ZeusFabien]

Solid work! Well researched! There is an old FM vs PM illustrated graphic using diff modulator shapes in the DaFX volume 1 publication, if you can find it. The Square on square was really illustrative, since FM it was a huge jump in frequency, but the PM equivalent was just a discontinuity / reset.

[@cooksoni.a]

Thanks! I haven't seen that, I'll see if I can find it.

[@bart.grantham]

Another outstanding video! Your demo of cosine vs. sine carrier in 4.1 is really interesting. One reason the cosine sounds much cleaner is that the points of discontinuity in the triangle, where it hits 0 and 1 and reverses direction, coincides with zero slope (derivative) for the cosine but maximum slope for the sine. That discontinuity multiplied by zero means the cosine version is continuous where the sine version is maximally discontinuous in this setup. Those discontinuities in the sine version result in high frequency artifacts that are absent in the cosine one. Fascinating. It's intuitive when you see it visually and the math seems obvious in hindsight, but I wouldn't have guessed the phase relationship between a discontinuous phase accumulator and carrier would be so critical without seeing it. I have to imagine the engineers at Casio knew that when they put PD together.

[@cooksoni.a]

Thanks! Yeah exactly, I'm not familiar with the math at all but that basically describes what I noticed with it lol 😂 it's always cool to hear the math behind shit like that.

[@lostcification]

I really appreciate how you split the complicated things into understandable parts and visualise it. Really good job!

[@TheMachinesWon]

You're doing the FM lords work with these FM videos, keep these topics coming, I'm finding them very helpful! I'm sure others are too :)

[@morph-the-cat]

Amazing! Thanks for going so in depth.

[@yassokiiba]

Thanks so much for making and sharing this.

[@NilsAdam]

Fantastic video, thank you

[@rockstar-technology]

Great video, also I appreciated the Dyad teardown, super neat!

[@lostguy478]

Yo dude I've been looking for this exact explanation for at least 2 months now, even ended up in some arab university's website at some point lol Anyways, thank you so much for making this video

[@lineorder]

Thanks to you, I finally found out what I've been wondering about for years.

[@tracyharms3548]

Thank you. I have revised my guesses as to what I struggled with in the previous video!

[@cooksoni.a]

Cool! If you have other questions just let me know.

[@RDijt]

Bang on information, really like your visualisations on phase vectors and sines near the start of the video - really succinct way to get across a complex idea. I recently left a reply comment on Loopops DN2 video explaining that all digital "FM" synths are actually phase modulation and FM is pretty much a misnomer. Would have been a useful resource to crosslink! Learnt all this myself through similar DSP experiments, although substitute MaxMSP for Axoloti Core in my case.

[@marcus268]

Man! This is great! Thank you so much! Super explanation.

[@johanisu]

Yes yes yes!!!! ☺ Thank you for the excellent and above all very visual explanation! Looking forward to any future content!

[@NeilBaylis]

Great job, thanks for sharing it! Very clear explanation.

[@PeteGunnShow]

Oh dope. I forgot you had said you were gonna make this. Ill be checking it out later tonight

[@child_inc.]

another awesome video. i love fors :)

[@FilipMilerX]

I don't believe performance was the reason to use PM on FM synths instead of FM. The phase accumulator is doing the integration anyway regardless of PM or FM. The only difference is where in the circuit you add the modulator signal. I believe the real reason to use PM over FM is that in PM you can create feedback from carrier operator(s) to modulator operator(s) in much more controlled way than in FM.

[@cooksoni.a]

I am mathematically challenged, so I could be wrong there lol. I don't think Yamaha ever explained why they implemented it as PM, but the resources I've read have indicated that PM is cheaper because you're adding instead of multiplying, and PM is more stable with fewer components. Feedback could have been the reason they chose PM, but I was under the impression it was more like a welcomed byproduct.

[@bubuAudio]

thanks for this !! saved on my digitone-tutorials playlist :) ( need to buy it, first 😂)

[@rantonerik]

Thank you!!

[@antoineguilbeault8025]

Mind blowimg

[@rodrigolabra6962]

now on a more serious note. Have you ever checked lippold's haken youtube lectures ? his videos have been really inspiring to me

[@cooksoni.a]

No I haven't, I'll definitely check them out

[@joman66]

Just started watching this video. Grabbed some popcorn lol What's that video mixer sitting behind you? Some sort of Panasonic?

[@cooksoni.a]

Props for catching it was a video mixer! Yeah it's a Panasonic WJ MX50. I took a gamble with it on ebay and it ended up being in really good condition. I fuckin love it

[@joman66]

@@cooksoni.a Lol good stuff! Into the music thing but dabbling into broadcast/analog video equipment as well and it caught my eye haha. Thanks!

[@musicproductionbrauns2594]

thats some great inside, makes it more predictable to make modulations

[@mateuszkubala1800]

What is the program you're using when making a saw wave and sine wave at 14:50 After searching, is it 'Max MSP' by cycling74, and what's the other one 'gen~' ? And is the one called Pure Data any different

[@cooksoni.a]

Yes I'm using Max/MSP. gen~ is basically a programming language/environment you can use inside of Max to do more detailed DSP programming because it runs at audio rate, and MSP (Max's native DSP framework) runs in blocks of samples at a time, so you can't get as detailed as you can in gen~. Pure Data is another programming language that has a lot of similarities to Max, and in fact both Max and Pd have a common lineage because they were both created by developers at IRCAM, I think. But Pd is free and open source which is cool. I can't remember the specific differences between Max and Pd when it comes to DSP, but I think in Max you can get more granular with your code, especially when you're using gen~

[@clearplasticity]

7:30 My eyes went WIDE.

[@morph-the-cat]

I've always been confused about AM/ring modulation. Is it related to phase mod or are they entirely different?

[@cooksoni.a]

Yeah that's a different idea than PM, but they're still in the family of audio rate modulation. So AM is simply just modulating the volume, imagine putting a sine wave oscillator into a VCA and then modulating it with a sine LFO. When the LFO is in its positive part of the cycle, then you hear the sine oscillator get louder and then quiet down as the LFO approaches 0. Then the whole time the LFO is negative, you still hear silence because the VCA doesn't respond to negative voltages. Ring mod is very similar, except when the LFO is negative, it inverts the phase of the sine oscillator. That gives it a different timbre and causes the fundamental frequency to cancel out, so it was used to make metallic sounds in old analog drum machines and stuff. Look up "Runningonair Ring Modulation vs. Amplitude Modulation" and he has some good graphics in the first half of his video that illustrate what's happening to the signal in AM vs RM.

[@morph-the-cat]

@@cooksoni.a Thank you so much! That's soooo helpful

[@sebbosebbo9794]

💪💥🗯🔥💭❤💨🕊 .............🕯................. ...........Danke............. ..............ThX.............. .............merci............

[@siliconbrush]

Steve jobs, thats who you remind of.

[@cooksoni.a]

I've gotten that before lol 😂

[@rodrigolabra6962]

Babe wake up, new cooksonia video just dropped

[@cooksoni.a]

lmao 😂