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The Dutch Teenage Girls who Seduced and Brutally Killed the Nazis - Freddie & Truus Oversteegen. The 10th of May, 1940, World War 2, the Netherlands. Nazi Germany invades Holland and the German Air Forces - the Luftwaffe - use paratroopers in the capture of tactical points and to assist in the advance of ground troops across the country. The invasion is accompanied by heavy aerial bombardment of Rotterdam and culminates on the 14th of May with the destruction of its entire historic center. Because the Germans threaten to bomb the city of Utrecht in the same way, the Dutch forces surrender one day later. Soon after the Nazis start to occupy the whole country and pass new anti-Jewish laws which are designed to exclude Jewish people from society and restrict their livelihood. The systematic deportations of Dutch Jews to death camps start in July 1942. However, because some Dutch citizens cannot bear to see what is happening to their country and people, they join the resistance. Among them are two sisters who will become known for resisting the German occupation and killing the Nazis. Their names are Truus and Freddie Oversteegen.
Truus Oversteegen was born on 29 August 1923 in Schoten, the Netherlands. Her younger sister Freddie was born 2 years later on the 6th of September 1925 and the sisters lived with their parents on a barge. The sisters grew up in a socially aware household and their mother, a communist, had a strong intolerance for injustice. When their parents divorced, the girls stayed with their mother and were raised in a small apartment in the city of Haarlem. The family lived in poverty and slept on improvised mattresses stuffed with straw. They were taught compassion for those less fortunate than themselves and the sisters would often share the same bed to spare the other one for the Jewish refugees from Germany that were regularly housed in their small apartment.
World War 2 started on the 1st of September 1939. On the 10th of May 1940 Germany invaded the Netherlands. Soon after a civil administration was installed under the SS auspices and Arthur Seyss-Inquart was appointed Reich Commissar of the Netherlands. Among his first step were a series of laws posing economic discriminations against the Jews. Soon after the occupation, a commander of the Haarlem Council of Resistance knocked on the Oversteegen’s door and asked their mother if the girls could join the underground fight against the Nazis and she agreed. At the time Truus was 16 years old and Freddie was only 14. In an interview in 2016 Freddie recalled the horrifying moments following the German occupation saying: ‘“I remember how people were taken from their homes, the Germans were banging on doors with the butts of their rifles - that made so much noise, you'd hear it in the entire neighborhood. And they would always yell - it was very frightening.”
On the 22nd and 23rd of February 1941, German forces raided the Jewish Quarter in Amsterdam, arresting and deporting more than 400 Jewish men to the Buchenwald and Mauthausen concentration camps. The Dutch people’s reaction was unique among the Nazi-occupied Europe: they organized the February Strike, a two-day general strike, which started on the 25th of February 1941. German officials brutally suppressed the strike. This action was followed by a hardening of Nazi policy. The German authorities as well as collaborating Dutch authorities and civil services segregated Jews from the general Dutch population and incarcerated 15,000 of them in German-administered forced-labor camps. The Germans then ordered the concentration of Jews in Amsterdam and sent foreign and stateless Jews to the Westerbork transit camp in the northeast part of the country. Some of the remaining provincial Jews were sent to the Vught camp.
The sign ‘Forbidden for Jews’ appeared on the doors and gates of cafes, swimming pools, sports fields, museums, zoos, libraries, theatres, markets and many other public places. Jews had to hand over their valuables, and their businesses were confiscated.
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