THE EPHESUS OF THE WESTERN BLACK SEA PRUSIAS AD HYPIUM - DUZCE KONURALP

On the way from Düzce center to Akçakoca, an incredible ancient city welcomes you at 8 km. Prusias ad Hypium, the largest city of the period in the western Black Sea. In the excavations carried out here, it is understood that there is an ancient city of incredible size with its rich architecture and structures under the ground.
The name of the settlement, which was originally called Hypios, was later changed to Kieros. After it was captured by King Prusias I of Bithynia, its name was changed to Prusias. However, because there was a city named Prusia (Bursa) in the Bithynia region, the settlement began to be called Prusias ad Hypium (Prusias on the Hypium River).
The last king of Bithynia, Nicomedes III, bequeathed the annexation of his lands to the Roman Empire in 74 BC.
The city grew from four to twelve during the Roman period until the 2nd century. Three Roman emperors, Hadrian, Caracalla and Elagabalus visited this city in Asia Minor. Immediately after Vespasian's reign, the city became autonomous in its domestic affairs and minted its own coins, although it remained dependent on Rome for foreign policy. In the early 5th century AD, the city became part of the newly formed late Roman province of Honorias and lost its wealth after 451 AD.
The Ancient Theater in Konuralp stands on a hillside overlooking the Düzce Plain in the south, on the upper terraces of this historical settlement, which is built on the foot of a mountain as the city's best preserved monumental structure. The location of the theater is made to the south, towards the sun and the light so as to protect the audience from the draft.
The theater, which is thought to have a double diazoma (walking path behind the sitting steps), three cavea (seating steps), has two symmetrical vaulted entrances to the caveas. This theater, which shows transitional features, exhibits a more elegant and rich appearance compared to Hellenistic examples. The cavea part of the theater, in which monolith marble was used as the building material, dates back to the Late Hellenistic Period. In the inscription block in the stage section, Prof. Dr. According to Mustafa Adak, it is known that the construction of the stage building was completed in 130 AD. From the same inscription, it is understood that this theater was dedicated to the Roman Emperor Hadrian of the time.
On the exterior of the stage, two arched windows and an arched door remain intact. Since 2013, Konuralp Museum and Düzce University Archeology Department have been continuing their excavations.
Orpheus Mosaic
An Orpheus mosaic from two important floor tiles from the Roman Period, unearthed in 1998. Conservation of a part of the floor covering, which includes a scene belonging to the Greek Mythology hero Achilles and his mother Thetis, has been completed and is exhibited together with the other mosaic in the same hall.
The Konuralp Museum, which was started to be built in order to preserve and exhibit the artifacts belonging to the ancient Roman city, was opened to visitors in 1993.
There are a total of 6118 artifacts in Konuralp Museum, of which 1825 are archaeological, 456 are ethnographic and 3837 are coins. These artifacts are exhibited in the museum garden, archeology, ethnography and stone artifacts halls and coin section. In the garden of the museum, there are architectural fragments, grave steles, sarcophagi, columns and column capitals all unearthed in Konuralp and belonging to the Roman Period. The artifacts in the “Archaeology Hall” belong to the Neolithic, Old Bronze, Hellenistic and Roman periods. Among these, there are examples of terracotta, bronze and glass works of different functions and types. In the same hall, tomb finds found in Çavuşlar Village near Konuralp can also be seen.
In the Ethnography Hall of the museum, works of clothing, household goods and weapons belonging to the 19th and 20th centuries Ottoman period are exhibited.
In the Stone Works Hall, there are various sculptures and architectural pieces made of marble belonging to the city of Prusias.
In the Coin Section, gold, silver and bronze coins belonging to Greek cities, Roman emperors and Ottoman sultans are exhibited chronologically.
HORSE DOOR
south of the city centre; On the right of the main street coming from Düzce, there is a gate called the "Horse Door", located on a narrow road leading to the ancient theater. The Horse Gate, which gives its name to the street, has a large lintel made of local stone, which was used for the second time. The stone, which has a horse depiction and an inscription in Greek, is thought to have been made by a Prusian citizen as a tomb inscription for his mother. From here, the walls continue towards southeast for a while and end with a square tower. The walls of the castle were built with altars with epitaphs, pedestals, theater seating and large blocks. Most of the walls of the Eastern Roman period are half underground.
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