The fascinating story of Britain and our oldest ally

[@Swordfrenzy1]

Being a Brit with a Portuguese wife I enjoyed this one.

[@pepievuzelf2372]

Thank u for ur service in strenghtening the alliance

[@TurdFerguson101]

Being a Canuck, with a Portuguese wife I enjoyed this one too. 😉

[@davea6314]

Greetings to our Limey and Canuck allies. -Dave the Bloody Yank

[@jonathaslopes8038]

Is your kid bilingual?

[@as569199]

@@jonathaslopes8038I am Portuguese with a Portuguese wife - my kids speak English since 3 years old 😅

[@GH0ST_D0G.95]

Worked with the British in Afghanistan, outstanding guys, incredibly professional soldiers. Tough as nails🗿 🇵🇹🤝🏼🇬🇧

[@thatcouncilestatekid1832]

The Portuguese 🇵🇹 have stood with us through thick and thin they have always supported us. This was a great episode Chris thank you

[@d3adby3amexe]

🇵🇹🇬🇧

[@bastogne315]

Cept in WW1 and 2.

[@bastogne315]

N a few others.

[@thatcouncilestatekid1832]

@@bastogne315 yeah but the let us spy with impunity in WWII

[@rfigueiredomusic]

@@bastogne315the Portuguese fought with the allies in WW1

[@georgerobartes2008]

As a descendant of a marriage between my Grandfather x 3 who served with Wellington in the Peninsular and a refugee daughter of a noble family of the Tagus Valley , I am proud of our Portuguese allies .

[@ruinunes7365]

Vocês "ajudavam" por interesse. Quando podiam enfiar a faca nas costas de Portugal, o faziam. É só ver os roubos que fizeram, e deixaram os franceses fazer, nas invasões francesas. É só ver o ultimato a Portugal, nos finais do século XIX, pelo mapa cor de rosa. É só vet o ultimato dado a Portugal para a abertura dos portos no Brasil. Roubaram e atacaram Portugal, sempre que lhes dava jeito.

[@jaffawaffa8897]

I met a Portuguese guy on a game once. I invoked the alliance and we've been firm friends since. Thank you for the video!

[@carlos-ju7ce]

That is a really funny story and great outcome. Nice to see you both had a sense of humour! 😆

[@onionman2117]

I lived with Portuguese people years ago and they laugh as I send them messages on the anniversary every year :D

[@ruinunes7365]

Mais um que quer tirar vantagem de Portugal.

[@P_4BKM77]

​@@ruinunes7365 O que é que estás a dizer?

[@MrTiagoTnT]

@@ruinunes7365 e Portugal nunca tirou nenhumas x'D

[@jamesfielding3127]

good vid! Englishman living in lisbon for 4 years here, absolutely fantastic Country and people 👍

[@francisdeoliveira3414]

Thanks, mate,Godspeed

[@JestersSHOES87]

Portugal is England's oldest ally, although we have fought against the Dutch even though they have been our allies alot also

[@Paulftate]

If the Britain's hadn't stopped for tea at the Battle of Normandy could have won the war quicker

[@JestersSHOES87]

@@Paulftate what are you on about?

[@billmmckelvie5188]

#Paulftate You're off the topic of this specific thread and the Chronological timeline. We're talking about the 1386 Anglo-Potuguese alliance which was nearly 100 years before North America was discovered by Christopher Columbus! Plus in 1386 we were supping Port Wine as oppose to Tea which was only introduced to England in 1660.

[@Johnny-Thunder]

@jesterofspades3903: As a Netherlandic Anglophile, I say that is nice of you to say.

[@JestersSHOES87]

@@Johnny-Thunder cheers, I always recall the flemish rebels were some England's earliest allies, ghentish and flemish soldiers played a large role in English armies during the hundred years war.

[@nunomiguelbernardinopicao2238]

To all the English from a portuguese working class guy, THANK YOU for your support throughout the centuries. YOU ARE VERY WELCOME IN MY DEAR PORTUGAL, and ALWAYS remember that there is no greater fighter than the one that is defending they're HOMELAND, greetings from Portugal, we will be here for you when you need us.

[@ruinunes7365]

Como pode agradecer ao "apoio" dos traidores ingleses?!

[@ivopereira8206]

Fala por ti no apoio que prometes... A aliança teve tanto de bom como de ruinosa para Portugal

[@nunomiguelbernardinopicao2238]

@@ivopereira8206 Esqueces te do dinheiro k os turistas britânicos deixam cá no verão, das casas k compram no nosso país, vives do passado, eu vivo do presente e para o futuro, tens a tua opinião eu tenho a minha, tudo a correr bem contigo.

[@goodlife6277]

​@@nunomiguelbernardinopicao2238Do passado vives tu porque o presente obviamente para ti é um mistério...

[@fernandocolladojimenez3801]

​@@ruinunes7365esos piratas ingleses tuvieron que aliarse con toda Europa para poder con España, grande Felipe ll

[@EuTrabalhoParaSagres510]

From California originally, going to take my citizenship test here in Portugal in a couple months proud to become a Portuguese citizen. Especially as an out-and-out anglophile 😂 🇵🇹🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿

[@redcoathistory]

Nice one. Good luck with the test.

[@EuTrabalhoParaSagres510]

@@redcoathistory Cheers! 🍻

[@carlos-ju7ce]

You're a brave man. Boa sorte!

[@ENIGMAXII2112]

But are you from Portuguese back ground...?

[@pedroluis758]

😃😃😃 I'm originally from Portugal and currently live in California! I have dual citizenship as well. 😄 Good luck! 🇵🇹🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿🇺🇲

[@cousingoober]

Catherine of Braganza also introduced tea to Britain

[@stevethomas5849]

Thank you, Cathy

[@1982kinger]

Did she have a big ass?

[@kevinkelleher8708]

@cousingoober Catherine of Braganza may have introduced tea to Britain but some poorly disguised "Son's of Liberty" introduced British tea to Boston harbor(harbour)

[@stevethomas5849]

@@kevinkelleher8708 and woke up to smell the coffee ☕

[@philipm06]

She's known as Tetley Braganza.

[@TehMADGunner]

Muito obrigado, meu amigo. I lived in Portugal for 13 years and currently live in Wales, so the Alliance between both of my homes is one of my favourite things to point out to people here. This takes me back to history lessons back in Portugal, you did us proud!

[@terryloftus3207]

Dont like going abroad but after having many holidays abroad,Portuga is EASILY the best place weve been to.

[@perikcarvalho5675]

Come to the azores...

[@francisdeoliveira3414]

​@@perikcarvalho5675Ai os Açores... Tão feliz que já fui aí... Abraço dum continental.❤

[@scott2452]

From Australia, our first Governor (Arthur Phillip) previously had served with the Portuguese Navy.

[@bigyin2586]

First governor of New South Wales to be precise.

[@Jovemundo2023]

I'm portuguese and it's a honor listen a youtuber talking about history of my country

[@d3adby3amexe]

Sinto precisamente o mesmo hahahaha 🇵🇹

[@napoleao3409]

@@d3adby3amexe Why?

[@d3adby3amexe]

@@napoleao3409 why not?

[@BernardoCup98]

Também mostra o quão pequenino somos, ficamos cheios de tesão quando ouvimos estrangeiros falar de Portugal 😅

[@fernandocosta7784]

És português jovem e ainda muito ignorante em História, mas pensas que a honra está aí, em ouvir um youtuber ...?

[@zakscott7700]

I love Portugal and decided to make it my home. I have a young son who is growing up here, going to school and becoming integrated into Portuguese society. There are actually many British people living in my part of rural Central Portugal, many retirees but also lots of younger people like me with children. Some villages have more British than Portuguese. I hope that the new generation can intergrate fully into the local community, it is hard for most of the British to learn the language and get out of the "brittish bubbles" that tend to form. I hope the friendship between my home country and adopted country can continue to thrive long into the future!

[@redcoathistory]

Great. Glad to hear it is going well.

[@manuelrodriguez2637]

Yeah i hope you do get out of your "British bubble" as i see in Britain itself people who come & don't learn the language, integrate & live in their own bubbles... These people are HEAVILY criticised in the UK, almost vilified I'd say... But to be fair this is happening all over Europe right now... I guess integration can only really work if it's a two way street

[@zakscott7700]

​@@manuelrodriguez2637 I'm personally not in a British bubble, but it seems to me that the vast majority of other British people who came to live here are very separate from the Portuguese. I've made big steps forward in terms of the language this year. I used to live in Germany and it took me over three years to become fluent in German, so I'm hoping to get to that level in Portuguese next year. My three year old spends his days surrounded by Portuguese children his own age so he's well on the way to full integration. Right now I make my money by clearing overgrown land to create fire breaks, but I'm thinking of doing an apprenticeship next year to improve my language and integrate more. There are many English or German tradesmen who I could potentially work for and make good money, but that would slow down the Portuguese learning so I'm not so sure. Ha sorry for the long winded reply. Originally just wanted to say that I agree with you that integration is a two way street.

[@antonioguerreiro1615]

I spent 38 years in the UK.....worked for some very high end I.T companies and love the UK .I live in villa nova de Poiares in the district of Coimbra although I am from Lisboa....although Brexit etc did not help !!......you should travel to Lisbon and read the original Windsor treaty between both nations it is something else.....an act of eternal friendship.the UK is to entrenched in our history for it to go sour I believe ...I will admit I left becouse Brexit offended me in no small way, BUT I love the UK it is an amazing country and I wish it all the best .....also be welcome in my country ............and yours !!

[@mork6668]

You are very welcome in here mate!!

[@alexanderperry1844]

The Portuguese allowed the British to base aircraft in the Azores to help close the air gap during the Battle of the Atlantic. When Churchill announced it in Parliament, there was a collective gasp when he cited the governing treaty.

[@gbickell]

Portugal rocks! Brit living in Spain but have loved visiting Portugal and its lovely people. Os pastéis de nata são os melhores!

[@YHVHohNo1]

Greetings from Portugal. The history of our alliance was very interesting to see, i didn't know how deep it actually went. Met awesome british people down here, always down for a couple of pints. Just please keep your lads in check they go fking wild!

[@Cider4144]

Feel free to give the miscreants a slap and a taste of some Portuguese "hospitality". I am still very grateful for the relief of Gibraltar during the siege. We were rather busy fighting the Spanish, French and American colonials so it was good to have a real friend to help.

[@londonassassin9894]

I am English and most of my In-laws are Portuguese. Our family are not to be tested.

[@dereks1264]

I tend to believe I know a fair amount about history but I would have lost money on this one. Just goes to show that there's always something new to learn.

[@haeuptlingaberja4927]

Brilliant, best attitude, mate. Curiosity might have killed the cat, but it's the only thing that keeps the mind alive and open.

[@geroutathat]

who would you have bet on? The Irish because they helped the British as far back as the vikings etc?

[@jonathaslopes8038]

As a Brazilian we actually learn about that allience. The portuguese royal family fled to Brazil in the Napoleonic wars scolted by British Navy ships

[@jayhuxley2559]

Sorry but the Portuguese Kings went to the Portuguese territory of Brazil in the XIXth century not in XVIII. Brazil was the richest region in the world, it made Portugal and England the richest countries in the world and it was Brazil that Naooleon was really trying to get when he invadex Portugal for 3 times. Aftefall in the jungle no one beats the Portuguese

[@fernandoaleixo7477]

@@jayhuxley2559 As a Brazilian I don't think Napoleon was trying to "reach" Brazil but rather strangle England from every able port in Europe, and although Brazil is one of the richest places regarding natural resources that doesnt make the area exactly "richest" in money terms.

[@TheGrenadier97]

"Moved" is a more accurate term since Dom John VI was within his Empire. The clever, bold and unique change of capitals was an idea that was talked about before in Lisbon in the XVIIIth Century, for the same reasons Dom John VI wanted to stay in Brazil: security, prosperity and health. I suppose that in the weeks before the actual voyage there was an intense planning activity and not cumbersome haste, since the number of key officials and other personnel that travelled was quite high.

[@TheGrenadier97]

It can be said that Napoleon entertained the idea of getting Brazil, but after he sealed Europe (a ridiculous and suicidal strategy, as it proved). If so, Napoleon probably expected Dom John VI to be weak and submissive, accepting to handover his Empire and everything else if he could be crowned and keep his throne in Portugal and not be replaced by a french minion. Prince John outfoxed Napoleon entirely, however, and completely messed the french plans in a wild manner.

[@kori5679]

​​@@TheGrenadier97 You write the nonsense that Napoleon "enterrtainef" the idea of getting Brazil... The French tried to invade Brazil many times and got their asses kicked. The Dutch had their asses kicked in northeast Brazil too.

[@sohovulture87]

Just discovered the channel and absolutely loving it! Fantastic episode about our amazing and venerable relationship with the Portuguese. I was lucky enough to call Portugal home for 4 years as a kid. Lovely people, very kind and generous.

[@redcoathistory]

Welcome aboard! Thanks for the info.

[@davelynx2937]

As a Portuguese Man. I am really impressed on how perfectly understandable your Portuguese Wordings are!! That is some other level of professionalism! ❤

[@brokenbridge6316]

As soon as I saw the title for the video I knew it would be about Portugal. Thanks a bunch for going into great detail about this history. I knew most of it already but not all of it.

[@liverpoolscottish6430]

Many people are unaware that the Portuguese are our older ally. They have been good a good friend to Britain for centuries. Although officially 'neutral' during WW2, they turned a blind eye occasionally in the interests of Britain- as did the Irish- contrary to popular belief. Eire quietly consented to RAF Coastal Command aircraft flying through Irish air space in order to shorten the route out to the Atlantic for RAF aircraft. Technically, they breached the laws of neutrality-few people seem to be aware of that fact.

[@theradgegadgie6352]

They made up for it.

[@daysleeperalchemist291]

It was not our fault that during WW2 we had a piece of crap ruling our country... Yes he saved us from the war with a dubious politics balance between giving to the Allies and the Nazis... But Portugal was tortured internally by his fascit regime from the early 20's until the 1974 revolution

[@thadiusthudpucker]

Many thousands of Irish people died fighting alongside British soldiers in ww2

[@keithagn]

Excellent video about our allies the Portuguese. As a hopeless history nerd I was aware the beautiful country of Portugal are our longest standing allies. Thank you, and Regards from Canada 🇨🇦

[@redcoathistory]

Glad you enjoyed it, Keith. Speak soon mate.

[@MrTiagoTnT]

It is emotional. Thank you for reminding us! Big shoutout from Portugal.

[@joedredd1168]

God love the Portuguese, blessings and well wishes from His Majesty's United Kingdom.

[@johndally7994]

My shelves are full Osprey books. They are a great sponsor for your channel. Congratulations.

[@redcoathistory]

Thanks - Yes they are - I really hope they become a regular sponsor as I am a genuine fan.

[@jorge6207]

Made sense geostrategically as both are European Atlantic nations and both had powerful neighbours who weren't very fond of them.

[@ianrankin1293]

Great stuff as always,and well timed as im heading to Porto for a few days week after next!🇵🇹🇬🇧

[@davydatwood3158]

The thumnail made it clear this was about Portugal, and my first thought was "well, I guess "oldest ally" depends on when you start counting Canada." And then you came up with a 14th Century treaty and I thought "Well, I guess it doesn't." :) That was fun to watch!

[@geroutathat]

no, but it discounts Ireland. I mean Ireland has had Britains back since the time of the vikings. Ireland had their backs during the Roman times too, traveling to Wales and building defensive positions so they could protect themselves from the Romans. During the viking era the Irish took on the vikings in the largest battle the vikings had ever had to that date. The Irish won. The vikings were using Dublin to raid England, and nearly all the wealth and slaves brought through Dublin were English. The Irish had enough. When the Irish defeated the vikings even the viking sea king turned up. Ireland secured the Irish sea. As Ireland secured Englands back, the English were able to consolidate and push to the east coast eventually fighting big battles themselves and pushing the vikings out. During this period Ireland had entered High king war period, and could have easily crossed the sea and started to attack England from the back, but Ireland has never done that to Britain. Britain has done it to Ireland, but Ireland has never done it to Britain, meaning Ireland is britains oldest ally. Been their ally since before the saxons even got there to rule them and strike up friendships with Portugal.

[@davydatwood3158]

@@geroutathat That overlooks the reality that Ireland is not currently Britain's ally, not really, and hasn't been since England conquered them.

[@STEALTH1DAN]

hi.. good video about the alliance. i knew about it, after all I do have a degree in History, from a Portuguese university, I'm Portuguese and I serve in the British army (Reserves) since 2017, first in the Rifles, and since 2019 in the RMP. The influence of the British Army is still seen in the Portuguese army today. For instance the cap badge of the Portuguese Special Operations is very similar to the cap badge of the Rifles (the hunting horn)...That comes back from the Cacadores (Hunters) troops referred on the video.also the motto and image chosen for the Portuguese military police (not the cap badge), (PE- Policia do Exercito, literally Army Police) is Morte ou Gloria which means Death or Glory which is the motto of the current Royal Lancers Regiment. Also the PE in the Portuguese army is a specialization within the Arm of Cavalry, again there is some paralellelism with the current RMP history. the first troops who were assigned to "police the army, the army camps and garrisons" were on horseback, the current RMP is an amalgamation of the MFP (Military Foot police and the MMP (Military Mounted Police) .

[@redcoathistory]

Thanks mate - that's great info.

[@francisdeoliveira3414]

Como OE,reserva,confirmo! Hourrah!

[@pedro555yt]

Portugal aqui ❤ 🇵🇹❤️‍🔥🇬🇧

[@jackbassett9365]

Where I live in the North West Territories Canada, I have met quite a few Portuguese men who worked on the road gangs for the Railroad. I can see why they could be formidable soldiers. Powerfully strong with an inimitable work ethic. Their work has been taken by machines now, so there are only a few that have retired here left.

[@TagusMan]

Interesting. I have family that lived in Pine Point for many years, working in the mines. They tell stories of mosquito swarms and ice fog. Cheers from Ontario.

[@perikcarvalho5675]

Please tell me more..

[@antonionunes9525]

I think all Portuguese know the alliance. And yes I love your country for that and much more that you have done for us. Different people, different language but the same tea time. British are always welcome in Portugal. Many thanks for the video.

[@ruinunes7365]

Você não sabe nada sobre as traições dos ingleses aos portugueses. Inglaterra não tinha e não tem amigos, têm interesses.

[@antonionunes9525]

@@ruinunes7365 não diga mentiras sem saber sequer com quem fala ou principalmente do que fala......

[@Cider4144]

​@@ruinunes7365 What betrayals exactly? I know the English screwed over Portuguese colonial ambition in Africa at one time but what else?

[@boomyminecraft2more]

@@Cider4144 Japan, the whole Portuguese missionaries being slaughtered and tortured were due to the English which had interest in Japan made up lies to the Japanese emperors about the catholic practices and ambitions of the Portuguese in Japan, the English used corsairs to target Portuguese trading ships for centuries on the order of her majesty, during the peninsular wars the Portuguese king was in brasil and sent shipments of money and valuables to Portugal which the British then transferred back to England impoverishing the local population, after the war when the French were kicked out of Portugal the British didn't want to leave and were occupying Portugal, there had to be a revolt to kick them out by force, i can keep going on, hell at the very start when the treaty was signed the British sent troops to Portugal to patrol the borders with Spain, the British troops raided, raped and slaughtered all across the countryside, thing is they did it in Portugal not Spain.

[@P_4BKM77]

​@@boomyminecraft2more yes, you're right.

[@Karelja]

Being a Portuguese national living in Nottingham since 2006 and with children born in England, I have tried to explain this to people in Britain and everyone mocked me. Thank you so much for your video.

[@redcoathistory]

Great - Im a Leicester lad myself. Now you can just send them this link! Sadly, most people in England are clueless about our history…

[@rism_pro]

im portuguese, Madeirian, good to know this country is being recognized by its past year by year

[@P_4BKM77]

Hey, i'm from Madeira too!

[@francisdeoliveira3414]

Thank you mate to bring this on. Brothers in arms!!! I think we will have love for forever... ❤💣💥💯🫠🦾👊🫶

[@mohammedsaysrashid3587]

It was an informative and wonderful historical coverage video about strategic and fillfulment alliance between Portuguese 🇵🇹 and UK 🇬🇧 ...

[@gameram6382]

Love Portugal People

[@elgar1957]

I think it's disgraceful that Britain made no effort whatsoever to celebrate the 650th anniversary of the alliance. I wrote to Rail Mail asking if they would issue a set of stamps instead they issued a set of stamps for Dad's Army. I also wrote to the Royal Mint about issuing a 50p coin instead they issued a coin well let's just say with the new religion of diversity. I also tried to get a posthumous VC for the brave Portuguese soldier who stood alone for three days fighting off the Germans during the Spring Offensive only to be blocked by the usual British intransigence of NO. In fact, we treated the Portuguese Army badly during WW1 and blamed them for the collapse of the frontline. the German High Command said after the failure of the offensive due to the Portuguese collapse which overextended their lines and advance. Interestingly the last battle to place was by the Portuguese.

[@Catita-]

Thank you 🙏

[@StephenKane-fx3od]

Royal Mail is British, alliance is English, therefore should not celebrate unless you want to celebrate older Scots / French alliance.

[@StephenKane-fx3od]

@@elgar1957 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿🇫🇷oldest alliance.

[@xandredsf]

Guy the anglo Portuguese alliance is still on, yous talking about something that don't exist anymore I'm sure the auld alliance wasn't the first one that ever happened and even if England and Scotland still celebrate different holidays

[@StephenKane-fx3od]

@@xandredsf It was the first. Claim in title is oldest in world, it is not. Debate over and premise of video is wrong. Portuguese alliance was signed with the English, not the Scots. Of course you are probably right that UK is seen as successor state to Kingdom Of England. if so, just shows you the disdain for Scotland. My country lost a lot, and has gained little the last 50 years. In union with an increasingly alien culture, that votes for base LCD politics.

[@kingjoe3rd]

I love the story of the battle that started the alliance, where King João of Portugal defeated the Spanish and French at the battle of Aljubarrota with the help of English longbowmen. The only battle I can think of that's similar is Agincourt. History Marche did an awesome video on the battle. Portugal would just be a Spanish province had this underdog victory never happened, and history would be a lot different.

[@lxportugal9343]

We have to give credit to our General Nunes Álvares Pereira... he is a Saint. Having a Saint on our side makes a gigantic difference

[@lucasfragoso7634]

​@@lxportugal9343 guy was a genius tbh. He smashed the Spanish army not once but twice with vastly inferior troops numerically and in there equipment

[@arrowackskorsou8194]

Saw it coming. Read most of the Sharpe novels! But, thanks for bringing this to light though! 😊👍

[@eduardocarlosfilho2870]

You forgot the important BATTLE OF ALJUBARROTA, but nice video, congrats from a brazilian fella.

[@catholicmilitantUSA]

Guilty moment-I ALWAYS skip promotional moments but today was the very first time I was captivated even by your shout-out to Ospreys and watched all of it without any inclination of fast-forwarding! And YES I'd love to have Dannatt and Lyman talk about their book on your amazing show!

[@hermanosoares3860]

Don’t forget that Napoleon obligated all Europe to close trade with Britain and Portugal didn’t comply being the only Nation to give acess to England s merchants and producers

[@StephenKane-fx3od]

Please don't interchange UK and England. Very, very different

[@FranciscoPreira]

What a great video indeed. The "Old Alliance" deserves this great work you done here, thanks for sharing mate. Your portuguese is not to bad, I got a brit mate of mine that lives here in Portugal, for more than 30 years and he speaks portuguese more or less like you, so do not worry :). Again great work mate, great work and bloody proud indeed I am, thank you.

[@redcoathistory]

Glad you enjoyed it mate - thanks for the inspiration and support.

[@abrahamdozer6273]

Britain's oldest ally is Portugal. The US and Britain have only been allies for 107 years. The Treaty of Windsor was signed on May 9, 1386 between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of England, over 630 years ago, and is still active to this day

[@Rowlph8888]

Did you not watch beyond the first few seconds of the video?

[@helpmaboabb]

Great Britain didn't exist for another 200+ years when ENGLAND concluded the alliance. Scotland was still in an alliance with France at the time, which long predated Portugal/England.

[@Rowlph8888]

@@helpmaboabb BS! English/Portuguese alliance dates back to 1175 when English crusaders helped Portuguese nights in Lisbon.Many were offered residents and stayed in Portugal permanently, abandoning the crusade . The alliance continues to this day. French/Scottish alliance started in 1295 and was dissolved in the 16th century

[@samrodian919]

@@Rowlph8888 agreed, but as it says in the video, the first OFFICIAL treaty between the states of Portugal and England was signed in May 1386. The crusade alliance was basically a Religious one. So you are both right in a sense. If it truly was the earlier one, then both Britain and Portugal would add those extra years to the 638 years since the state alliance

[@abrahamdozer6273]

@@helpmaboabb You are right. It should have read "England"

[@Phil-ww1dv]

Terribly interesting. You continue to improve.

[@TE4358g]

It would be interesting to know what impact, if any, Portugal had on the development of the Royal Navy and British merchant shipping such as the East India company? Arguably, expert seamanship made Portugal a superpower out of proportion to it's size and the same is true of Britain.

[@estranhokonsta]

There was indeed a great impact. A great part of the British Royal Navy (for simplification i will use Britain all over in this commentary and not England, even when i am incorrect in a particular case. Sorry for my ignorance 😶) began with the help of Portuguese expertise. Of course, it was not all a love affair. There was open help, as well as hidden conflict from both parts. British traders have been a strong part of Portugal for many many centuries before the treaty (some say since the bronze age. Portugal was part of the Celtic community and still has many words and culture off Celtic origin). This means that trade was of course very important in gaining technology, information, people, etc. In fact, the British traders in Portugal are probably one of the most important factor to the success of the long lasting treaty. But there were of course many other factor that influenced the birth of the British navy. For example, "seized" ships were excellent to serve as a model (and everything in the ship like maps etc). There are documented instances of cooperation and influence between Portugal and England in various maritime endeavors but as usual in the real world: it was complicated. For exemple, even spain with its known long enmity with britain did indirectly bring a great help the birth of the british navy. And even the italians had a strong influence. The fact is that the countries (then, now and of course also much before that) were in no manner closed to the exterior and the exchange (by trade, accident or by force) of people, tech, information has always been one of the most important factor to explain the history of any place. Many of the sailors of many nations gained first experience by navigating in portuguese or spanish ships before they were known. And that includes british ones. At the time Iberia was the "place" to go if one wanted to sail the wide seas. English shipbuilder were also very influenced by the Iberian ship technology. Some known british ships were inspired by portuguese (and others) ships. Another very important factor was the pilots and the navigators. There are many stories of british captains using portuguese pilots on many occasions for their work or for their information and guidance. They were after all, experts in navigating the waters were the British wanted to go. Another example was when Spain gained rule over Portugal, many English privateers collaborated with Portuguese sailors who were against Spanish domination. That cooperation went very far in many area like sharing navigational secrets or joint privateering efforts against Spanish ships. And there were even many Portuguese sailors, pilots, and shipbuilders who were loyal to the Portuguese crown but opposed to Spanish rule who sought refuge in England. Another one. Both nations recognized the strategic importance of maintaining a steady supply of high-quality timber for their navies. This means proactive measures in both countries to manage and replenish their forest resources. The fact that the Portuguese went through that phase much earlier (centuries??) than the British and given their strong bonds, one can make the hypothesis that the British gained important knowledge and experience when they began their initiative. There are so many instances of influences between the two (i didn't even talk about the British influences on the Portuguese...) that it is like asking what were the influences on that person from a long last close acquaintance.

[@Synthillator]

That's interesting... I learned from a video that I saw not long ago that it was during one of the wars between France and England during the middle ages. It seems that at the time Britain was more of a rich agricultural society that wanted to live in relative isolation from mainland Europe (especially France), so they didn't have developed a strong military navy yet. Then they requested help from Portugal to help them build a navy to defend themselves against the French navy's attacks and we sent them a number of ships, as probably we were already building them for the start of the expeditions of the age of discovery -- The Portuguese king had ordered the plantation of a very large pine tree forest near the city of Leiria for the sole purpose of building the ships for the maritime discoveries. I don't remember the exact dates of that England/France war, (not even sure if that pine tree forest already existed at that time), so I may be wrong in some details. I don't remember in what video it was that I saw this, so feel free to correct me if any of you finds more precise information about this story. Anyway it was in a channel dedicated to History like this one. Another thing that I didn't know, but learned in one of these KZbin channels specialized in history: it seems that Portugal's navy was the second largest navy in the world after the British navy until as late as the 19th century... Not any more, though... 🤷‍♂ By the way, I liked this video about the Anglo-Portuguese alliance a lot -- very accurate and informative. Congrats to the author.

[@OfficialComentery]

Great history lesson. Thanks for the video.

[@dallassukerkin6878]

I am happy to report that my historical knowledge was up to the task of guessing this :)

[@samrodian919]

Me too but not the length of the alliance lol

[@kreb7]

I knew was Portugal even.before the video Hola portugal 🇵🇹 from Greece 🇬🇷

[@brokenbridge6316]

A movie was made about Anibal Milhais and what he did during WWI. It's pretty interesting. It's basically him telling the story of his time in WWI to his young daughter and eventually coming to terms with his part in that war. It's a decent watch IMO.

[@redcoathistory]

Thanks a lot - do you remember what it is called? I’d like to look it up.

[@brokenbridge6316]

@@redcoathistory---Your welcome. And it's called "Hero On The Front." I found the DVD once by chance at an old job. I bought it because it seemed interesting.

[@brunotorres7332]

True in Portugal “Soldado milhões”

[@brunotorres7332]

There’s also Aristides de Sousa Mendes saved thousands of Jews in Bordeaux helped more than Chindler ❤

[@brokenbridge6316]

@@brunotorres7332---I think I've heard about him somewhere.

[@PedroMigBraga]

I long for the day when the untold stories can finally be made public, it will only strenghen the bond!

[@joequim8249]

Litle known fact, the good relations between Portugal and England come from way back, you mentioned the help from English crusaders, but that happened twice, and a large number of English crusaders remained in Portugal, other less known fact is that Portuguese vessels where in the Chanel assisting the English against possible invasions by the French and acts of piracy, way before the alliance was ever signed.

[@MaxwellMoore-d1u]

I was Lucky to Visit Portugal 🇵🇹. When my Children were Young . I only have happy Memories. Of the Portuguese people. And Beautiful Country. Some Years Later I got talking to Polish in England and was Asked this very Question. I answered PORTUGAL 🇵🇹. ONE of the Girls was Portuguese. I ended being Introduced to her MUM by Phone. 😮.She spoke excellent English.

[@jeffpilkington7480]

I’d love to see a video about the British/American relationship. It seems that both countries are friends, except when they’re not. It’s seems odd since the United States gained independence from Britain, but almost immediately were friendly again. Except during 1812-1815 and again in 1861-1865 where the US and Britain were at war or when Britain still had a relationship with the Southern United States. The Portugal alliance is very interesting because it doesn’t seem to have those break except when Portugal was occupied by another nation

[@patrickporter1864]

British arrogance towards the Jonathan's in that they considered that they could press Americans into the Royal navy from American ships that were stopped and searched on the high seas. No nation could stand for that. 😊

[@greentuga691]

It kinda had a break in late 1800s when the English did something very English: An Ultimatum on their oldest ally. The reason? We (Portuguese) wanted to connect Angola and Mozambique by land, and the British didnt like that (since they dreamt about a railway from Cairo to Cape). The English literally threatened its oldest ally with War just because of a railway... This affair (The "Pink Map" affair and British Ultimatum) may be of little importance in England but it changed Portuguese history forever. Having just been invaded and sacked by the French (and English aswell, but thats another story) in the Peninsular War, and shortly after, having fought a civil war, all of this in the 1800s, the Portuguese Empire was a shadow of itself by the end of the century. In fact, we have been in constant decline since the Iberian Union happened in the 1600s. This state of affairs made it impossible to King Carlos to have any say on the matter other than to accept the British terms. This didnt bode well for the general population, who saw it as an act of weakness. Shortly after, the King was assassinated and 2 years later the Republican movement took over Portugal, officially ending the Portuguese Monarchy. TLDR: The British Ultimatum was a dick move by England that completly reshaped the History of Portugal, making us transition from a Monarchy to a Republic (and what a shit Republic it has been, i'll tell you that...).

[@tryagainnoob101]

Awesome video and great history lesson! Some details were completely new to me. Cheers from Portugal!

[@Jsmith2024]

I've served alongside the Brits and Portuguese. Good guys.

[@redcoathistory]

Nice one…where did you serve with the Portuguese?

[@Jsmith2024]

@@redcoathistory Iraq

[@francisdeoliveira3414]

​@@Jsmith2024Iraq... Good and bad memories... Godspeed fellow! 💣💥💯🦾👊🫠

[@encrackens]

​@@Jsmith2024So, you participate in the destruction of a democracy.

[@ryanziegler1410]

Man, this channel just keeps getting better! Fascinating stuff about the Portuguese, and also nice to touch on Bussaco again. I hope to make a trip to Portugal in the next couple of years, and if so, Bussaco and the Lines of Torre Vedras will be top of the list!

[@redcoathistory]

Thanks Ryan - would love to come with you...Sadly the downside of living in South Africa is that travelling to Europe is expensive. maybe one day!

[@ryanziegler1410]

I hear that..... nonetheless, I'll keep my fingers crossed for you. Cheers, man!

[@brunotorres7332]

Bussaco is also a very beautiful place btw

[@martinhogg5337]

Great video! Interesting stuff!

[@redcoathistory]

Thanks Martin, any other stories from military history you'dlike me to look at?

[@martinhogg5337]

@@redcoathistory How about the seige of Gibralter and/or battles from the war of 1812?

[@welshwarrior5263]

Well presented mate. 👍

[@WDKimball]

You serious downplayed the important of Portugal's contribution in Africa in WWI. From Angola and Mozambique Portugal, South Africa and GB were able to extricate the Germans from South West Africa and Tanganyika. Portuguese labourers were invaluable to the French as engineers build trenches and fortifications.

[@polygamous1]

Makes perfect sense to me, not because my great great grandfather was Portuguese, but the Portuguese and the English are both reliable friends also the Portuguese are my favourite people of al Latins mate many thanks great informative video

[@CanalTremocos]

In the 1880s, Portugal went to Berlin with the so-called 'pink map', the plan to link Angola to Mozambique, which clashed with Rhodes' Cairo to Cape plan. The fracas was swiftly resolved by an ultimatum. This was a huge scandal back in Portugal. One of the calls to go to war over the ultimatum was a poem by a German-Portuguese poet titled "A Portuguesa". A few decades later the verse "Against the britons marche marche!" was replaced by "Against the cannons marche marche" and it is now the Portuguese Republic's national anthem.

[@malpreece5008]

Yes, I think the only time in history that the British fought the Portuguese was in Southern Africa. There was a skirmish over territory in what would become Rhodesia in the 1890s, and the Portuguese didn’t come out of it very well.

[@CanalTremocos]

@@malpreece5008 I don't think anyone came out positively in any sense regarding late 1800s Africa🤐

[@malpreece5008]

@@CanalTremocos The British did. They made some significant improvements to Southern Africa. British rule was better than any of the alternatives (Portuguese included), and certainly better than the African alternatives - most of which were despotic regimes, where life expectancy was short.

[@CanalTremocos]

@@malpreece5008 🤡

[@malpreece5008]

@@CanalTremocosThat emoji reminds me of the anti-colonial marxists that I encountered when I studied history at uni. They were all living in clown world with their romanticised histories of pre-colonial African/Asia societies. The history of European Empires in academia is dominated by deluded mid-wits.

[@roverboat2503]

I've been to the Azores. Lovely place.

[@ricardodavidson3813]

Great video, congratulations! Two points: At the Battle of Bussaco the Allied casualties were split in a brotherly fashion, 625 Portuguese and 625 British soldiers lost their lives. The French casualties are not known exactly, some sources put them as high as 5000. The Allied command was criticised, with some reason, for not having pursued the French, allowing them to regroup and continue to fight. The Portuguese troops attacked by the Germans at the Battle of La Lys had not been rotated for over 6 months, they were demoralised by the neglect to which they had been relegated by the government in Portugal, they were missing over half their officers away on leave and their uniforms and footwear were falling to pieces. They yielded and have been blamed ever since for it, I even collected some flack at school for this from a latin master who made unsavoury comments to another form, British sportsmanship at its best... A British formation, newly rested, had been attacked a few months before in very similar circumstances and yielded just as quickly, this was not unusual in that conflict. The situation at home had changed dramatically, the government that supported the Allied cause and sent the expeditionary corps had been ousted and replaced by a pro-German government, which did its best to sabotage the efforts of the expeditionary corps but didn't have the bottle to simply inform the British and withdraw the troops. This fluid political situation and the lack of supplies proved fatal.

[@bonaggy]

For the people commenting on the “Auld Alliance” between France and Scotland against England in 1295, whilst never formally revoked, it is considered to have ended with the signing on the Treaty of Edinburgh in 1560. This was a treaty drawn up between England, Scotland, and France. It basically aligned England and Scotland while also maintaining peace between England and France, which allowed French forces to be withdrawn from Scotland, if I recall correctly. Interestingly, Mary, Queen of Scots did not ratify the treaty. She was quite attached to France and also because the treaty recognised Elizabeth I as the monarch of England, a title she herself wanted. However, ratification or not, the treaty did its work and led to the withdrawal of French forces from Scotland. Much respect from the UK to our Portuguese allies 🇬🇧🇵🇹

[@skurinski]

Not to mention Scotland aint an independent country

[@StephenKane-fx3od]

@bonaggy quite close, I should say so, she was Queen Consort of France. Treaty became out of vogue when Scotland became Presbyterian. Indeed, without change in religion, there would never have been any Union with the south.

[@StephenKane-fx3od]

@@skurinski neither is England.

[@bonaggy]

@@StephenKane-fx3od thanks for the comment. Have a great day.

[@Tailssonic1999x]

Great video as always, absolutely awesome to get sponsored by Osprey. They're responsible for turning many of us from young kids into amateur historians.

[@mendo35]

This is the first time I've heard that Portugal was involved in World War I. Always good to learn something new.

[@abrahamdozer6273]

They were involved big time and they suffered beside the BEF for four years.

[@NeilSmith-z3k]

There is a Portuguese war cemetery next to the Indian memorial at Neuve Chappelle. Sadly, when I was there a few years ago, it appeared to be quite neglected with many gravestones being damaged or illegible

[@tolvaer]

This was interesting. I had watched all the Horatio Hornblower, and Sharpe's, movies and series growing up. Thank you, from Norfolk, Virginia.

[@luismorgado]

Excellent episode! Thank you.

[@johnhudghton3535]

Went on holiday to Porto. Visited the very site where Wellungton crossed the Douro. The Portugese are nice people. Civilised, polite, friendly. They were easy to get on with. They liked Brits especially when we tried ( but failed ) to speak their language...they were not so keen on the French though - they, reputedly, would not eve, try to speak Portugese and you can't help wonder if old enmities and alliances still reverberated.

[@tibsky1396]

As I also met Irish or Scottish people not so keen of the English too.

[@haeuptlingaberja4927]

​@@tibsky1396 With good reason, mate. Still, as individuals, we can usually overcome these historical hurdles and burdens. Some of my best friends are Germans, and I have huge reasons to hate what their country got up to 80 years ago.

[@carlos-ju7ce]

I reckon the reason the Portuguese don't like the French is because annually thousands of French-plate vehicles descend on (mostly) northern Portugal and they all drive like plonkers. This has obviously not stopped the Portuguese from emigrating to France, where there are about 2m of them. There may still be some resentment as those small rural communities took the brunt of the French invasion...pillaging, raping and people starving as the French themselves ran out of supplies and took what they could

[@brunotorres7332]

In Portugal we love England Wellington it’s one of our heroes. throughout the past agonising 7 centuries from the French and the Spanish it’s good to know we have the English on our side💪 Living near Spain it was a nightmare they only brought shit to our end and of course Napolean😢

[@johnhudghton3535]

@@brunotorres7332 and so many great footballers playing for Englosh sides.

[@SeducingJackel]

wow thanks man, didn't know that! Hello my Portuguese Brothers and Sisters! woot!

[@denismorgan9742]

If anyone asks captain Morgan was a patriot doing his duty to protect Jamaica on behalf of England, England changed the rule's of engagement but captain Morgan did not follow this line. This caused England to class captain Morgan a pirate.

[@samrodian919]

So nothing has changed in a good few hundred years then, the government of the day stitching up its sort of Military!

[@francisdeoliveira3414]

You just win a new subscriber! Thanks, mate 😢,Godspeed! Long life to our alliance!!! ❤We salut you!

[@scallamander4899]

Britain has worked with Italian and Spanish and Greek fascists when it suited us, Soviet Communists when it suited us, and American capitalists when it suited us. Portugal's alliance with Britain is notable as an exception to the myriad different schemes our elites have plotted when it comes to switching sides. 'We have no eternal allies, and we have no perpetual enemies. Our interests are eternal and perpetual, and those interests it is our duty to follow.' Palmerston speech, House of Commons, 1 March 1848

[@paulross225]

I think you'll find most, if not all governments worldwide, base their policies on national interests.

[@XofHope]

At least he was honest! That's how things are in fact for every nation.

[@89schofe]

I always knew about the alliance but this video has helped fill in the gaps so thank you 🙏

[@rachaelbullen3397]

London girl here,best move i made comin to Portugal 25yrs ago,beautiful country,culture,food language and music. My neighbours r all Portuguese, Dona Maria de Cruz quem tem um cafezinho no fim da nossa rua ela é uma querida, gosto muito dela❤ Não fico muito contente com a gente aqui, que fala mal sobre outros. Seja inglês,seja Português ou seja qualquer nacionalidade ou cor, há gente bonitos e feios. Então não tem uma coisa boa a dizer, calou a boca, mas fogo tem que dizer que a vossa língua tão muito difícil de aprender, mas consegui mais ou menos😂 Obrigada Portugal e a gente Portuguesa, sinto-me muito bem vindo aqui❤ Beijos por todos, Raquel ( aka Rachael) 😘

[@pedroferrr1412]

Escreves melhor, que muitos Portugueses e Brasileiros. Felicidades!

[@rachaelbullen3397]

@@pedroferrr1412 Epah,achas? Obrigado bjo😘🇵🇹 eu sempre disse que onde você mora, voce tem de aprender a lingua de deles lá, e esta muito ignorante para assumir que toda gente do mundo sabe de falar inglês, também por mim é um mostra de respeito.

[@allanburt5250]

Liked that one, I have one a quiz night with this one lol keep them coming mate, another great wee slice of history 👌

[@redcoathistory]

Brilliant thanks mate. Hope it helps you to win the quiz!

[@hotmechanic222]

Another excellent video, keep up the good work!! loving the channel!!

[@redcoathistory]

Thank you very much! Appreciate the feedback…any other stories you’d like to see me look into?

[@JoaoGuilherme-or5cf]

I'm brazilian and it's funny that a lot of people from here knows about this alliance. I don't think that my country has this kind of relation with any other country. We're a relatively new country with only 200 years of independence, and although in the last century we achieved solid alliances with other latin american countries it's still far from this kind of trust between brits and portugueses.

[@encrackens]

E só os EUA parar de financiar golpes de estado qua tudo seria mais fácil

[@bigyin2586]

America is Britain's oldest child, not oldest ally. The difference between family and friends, 1776 notwithstanding. But plucky Portugal has been a very good friend. Respect.

[@lxportugal9343]

Just a curiosity Philippa of Lancaster (mother of Prince Henry the navigator, king's John I wife) is sculp in the discovery monument in Lisbon

[@mudcradle]

As a portuguese, I am happy to hear a native english speaker celebrate the alliance as much as we portuguese do. I would however add that things weren't always stellar between the two. We shared many a conflict within African borders and Portugal at one point did lose some colonies to British threats. Regardless, the two love each other and I wouldn't have it any other way

[@jalbertseabra2283]

Arguably the most important Battle took place in the middle 9f the 14th Century. During the Aljubarrota Battle. If i'm not incorrect, 100 Long-Bow Archers participated in the Battle, marking the end of the heavy horse-charges. Reflecting Crecy and Azincourt the Portuguese Gejeral in charge placed the troops on high ground, protefted 9j one side by a forest on the other flank by a river. Forcing the much larger Spanish and French Cavalary to be reduced to a long and yet narrow colunm. And literally the powerful and yet rigid charging forces were slaughtered -- it was a relatively short clash After a few hours, the King of Castille, facing being killed or captured, abandonned the battle field and fledl We may stress that at the time Portugal and Castille were the dominant kingdoms in the Peninsula. Only at the end of the 15th Century the last morish kingdom was conquered and Castille unified the different kingdoms. Except Portugal, which already had accmpllshed that objective in 1246, if I'm not incorrect. Consequently, with minor variations, Portugal's borders remain the same since the 13th Century.

[@chriswatts1680]

I thought this for years thankyou for enlightening me further

[@redcoathistory]

Any Portuguese people watching? A fair film? Is the relationship with Britain still important to Portugal?

[@Paulftate]

sounds racist ..... lol🤘

[@gwtpictgwtpict4214]

@@Paulftate How is the question in any shape or form racist?

[@PolarRed]

@@Paulftate Racist? WTF? That! Friend, I think you project a bit to much.

[@joaoteixeira6443]

It's a fair film. It is important to us, and I think more important for us than it is for the British. I know, because I'm Portuguese and live in England. But there are caveats. The alliance has sometimes been one sided, and particularly during the middle and late 19th century, the British often used it to strongarm Portugal in agreeing to their demands. Especially in African affairs. That said, the connection is actually far deeper than you realise. Portugal and Britain and Ireland were once part of the same Atlantic bronze age civilization complex; they were part of the Atlantic periphery of the Roman empire; in the middle ages, before the treaty, trade was naturally flowing from the med through to Lisbon, then England and the low countries. Geography has made it nigh on inevitable, but culture has helped it become what it is. Portugal, despite being ostensibly a southern European country, is also Atlantic, and culturally closer to those other Atlantic nations.

[@Lusitani74]

Quite fair actually...I was ready to bash another video full of misconceptions but it was rather good. Just a few remarks: the only fateful encounter the Armada had was with bad weather, poor leadership and an abrupt change of mind of the commanders of the ground troops that were to be ferried to England. Also as you briefly mentioned the late 19th Century wasn't particularly kind to the alliance. One humiliating ultimatum and 2 secret pacts with Germany regarding the partition of the portuguese overseas territories, one of these just prior to the WWI. A bit one sided alliance to be fair.

[@ianmayes8072]

Learnt tthat at school a long time ago!

[@redcoathistory]

Excellent sir you were very lucky.

[@FJamison1]

A non-cringe sponsor. Bravo!

[@PedroMigBraga]

great documentary! Thank you sir!

[@robertcottam8824]

Long live Portugal!

[@brunoloureiro5321]

Very well presented!

[@iceninja46]

England... Britain is an island containing 3 countries. Scotland has the Auld Alliance with France. It is England and Portugal. Saying this from a very sunny Algarve...

[@skurinski]

Scotland is not an independent country

[@skurinski]

Also that treaty ended unofficially in the 1500s

[@Varlenus]

Thanks to Age of Empires III i recognized the caçador on the thumbnail and immediately knew who you were gonna talk about.

[@markopolo1271]

I didn't know that it was Portugal but then again it's not too surprising we both hated the Spaniards so it makes sense that we joined in an alliance to fight them

[@brunotorres7332]

The Spanish and the French although we 🇵🇹fought the Dutch at all continents same time😂but our neighbours were total bullies mainland Europe

[@keithrookledge2031]

Very informative about a little know of period, well done!

[@Jonathan-d8d7i]

It is a well known that England's oldest treaty alliance is with Portugal but it does rather gloss over some inconvenient facts. Portugal committed a sizeable contribution to the Armada. Admittedly this was under the unpopular dual monarchy with Spain but none the less it was a Portuguese squadron actively engaged against the English Crown. Portugal under the Novo Estado regime of Salazar was somewhat less friendly. Portugal did provide very useful basing facilities in the Azores during WW2 whilst remaining neutral but in the breakup of colonial Africa, there was a degree of hostility shown to Britain. In 1965 with the white supremacist regime of Ian Smith declaring UDI in Rhodesia, Britain instituted economic sanctions enforced largely by the RN's Beira Patrol blockading the Mozambique channel to goods, particularly oil being shipped to Rhodesia. The Salazar regime actively worked to frustrate this blockade until its ultimate fall from power in 1974, underming the UN mandated sanction regime.

[@samrodian919]

Very interesting thank you for posting this. I was in the second year of secondary school when the Smith Regime declared UDI, there was uproar in the press I remember.

[@KapBBit]

Portugal probably didn't appreciate England turning Protestant and persecuting Catholics. It had it's own motives to participate in the Armada, beyond the scope of the Iberian Union

[@lxportugal9343]

Portugal didn't want to participate in the Armada. These type of things let to break from Spain in 1640, Spain used our ships and men to their wars...leaving our empire vulnerble to Deutch attacks. We lost almost everthing in Asia because of this and because we had to had a strong army in Portugal because after 1640 they took 27 years to accept Portugal independency. But I have to say England was not allways correct either, we still have a problem with Olivença because of your General Beresford

[@Jonathan-d8d7i]

@@lxportugal9343 True enough. The Iberian Union was imposed upon Portugal. Happily for Portugal, England aided Portugal reagin its independence in the latter stages of the Guerra da Restauração.

[@supersueca1]

You for the mention the British Ultimatum of 1890. Not very nice from the British part and eventually it lead to the end of a century-long monarchy and to the Republic we have today

[@parabreed]

Find this very interesting,love military history. You just got yourself a new subscriber 👍