The Future of Particle Accelerators Looks Wild

[@SciShow]

Head to linode.com/scishow to get a $100 60-day credit on a new Linode account. Linode offers simple, affordable, and accessible Linux cloud solutions and services.

[@kkado8204]

The company Akamai Technologies is named after the Hawaiian word for 'smart'. It is being mispronounced by SciShow hosts. It is pronounced ah-kah-mai or in IPA /ɑːkamaɪ/ not æ-kə-maɪ

[@TheInfintyithGoofball]

Can u guys PLEASE do a video explaining muons,neutrinos,hadrons, pretty much Every particle that isn't your typical proton, neutron or electron? I NEED This explanation.

[@mako3010]

I thought this was a science channel what's with the pronunciation in this video?! Linode and Muon - dude woof. Grab some how to pronounce videos and try again.

[@TheInfintyithGoofball]

@@mako3010 that's how they've pronounced it in every video so I'm pretty sure it's correct, Besides where did you here it pronounced? If there's a strong accent (or it's a robot voice u heard which was my first guess) you could've been hearing the wrong pronunciation without knowing it

[@mako3010]

@@TheInfintyithGoofball Linode can be subjective - but Muon?! I had to stop watching after the 15th time he said it.

[@thedayb4tomorrow]

I did my PhD on MICE and this is the first time I've heard what we were doing referred to as "super cooling". 🙂 Basically we send the beam through a low-Z absorber (liquid hydrogen or lithium hydride) and the muons lose energy by ionizing the absorber molecules. low-Z is important to minimize scattering. Was awesome to see an experiment as small as mine (only about 60 people at any given time) on SciShow though 🙂

[@Kissarai]

I love that I have an Associates of Science and we're both watching Scishow. I love Scishow.

[@thathobbitlife]

That's pretty rad! Scishow seems to not get caught up on big corps

[@Dr_Larken]

I skim through what you wrote, at first “ I swear I’m dyslexic” I seem super cooling and liquid hydrogen. I thought to myself, this man froze mice and revive them. Because I don’t know how they froze the hamsters, but they thawed them out in a microwave and they were fine ! Tom Scott fans will know what I’m talking about!

[@bentboybbz]

Now I need to know...what exactly is low-Z...what is considered a low-Z absorber...what qualities does a low-Z absorber need to have to be useful for that purpose...what effect scattering has on these experiments...I promise the answers to these questions will lead to more but I promise I'm not the smartest person here by far and it won't hurt to gain some knowledge on the subject...Thank You for your time and effort sir! And all of your colleagues time and effort !

[@LFTRnow]

"...mice, you see, they are not quite as they appear....They've been experimenting on you, I'm afraid." - Slartibartfast I suspect some of these particle physicists are Hitch-Hikers and Douglas Adams fans. :) @6:17

[@buhbird4698]

Particle physics has to be the most interesting I will never understand at more than a surface level

[@azmanabdula]

Keep trying Youll get there

[@jablue4329]

Never say never. But yeah, I'm right there with you 😌

[@josephkehler5241]

I think i could say that for life in general

[@ninjuhdelic]

Keep digging, you’ll start to see it everywhere. U prolly already do, but it’ll become more detailed.

[@SheWhoRemembers]

It's BS, that's why.

[@pultofcat8615]

Dude this video is so dense with education I feel like most channels would split it into many videos. That’s why this is my fav, endlessly entertaining. Now time to watch again

[@ekszentrik]

I am Swiss and I have just realized we are literally the dwarves from Middle Earth. >live in mountains >love to bore tunnels >love gold >our signature weapon (the halberd) is just an extra long axe

[@darrikgoettsche1]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/aWWmi52peq5kr7c

[@cam5816]

🐜 Your silly weapons are ineffective against the true kings of the underground

[@gravitonthongs1363]

In one episode I just caught up to scientific progress plans for the next few decades. A remarkably well composed narrative. Thank you.

[@MajurSal]

i'm working on the DUNE project for the Fermilab. I myself, with my team, have the mission to transfer the detector from Frascati, Italy to Chicago, illinois. It's called Kloe-2. The ETA is very much of a positive way of thinking, but finger crossed we'll ship everything in the next 3 years

[@BenjaminJex]

Best of luck!!!

[@abdelhamidsherif4995]

I wish I could intern for this project, but I have to be from pure STEM fields, it is a shame there are no internships in logistics, business, finance, etc. You know, support functions

[@kylehammond8091]

Very cool, Fermilab is a couple towns over from where I live. When I was younger we did our nuclear science and radiation merit badges at Fermilab. Best of luck and great to have you.

[@sendthis9480]

3 YEARS!?!? Dude…sorry, but the commercial said 30 minutes or else my detector is free. (Good luck!)

[@CriminalonCrime]

This project in Dakota is the one that will destroy the world and alter the physics of time. You built it around lead deposits and this will be the first particles able to energize the surrounding lead filled hills leading to a cataclysmic explosion that puts us in this time loop so we die over and over again, I encourage you to abandon this site and find a new place far from dense metals to experiment with neutrinos.

[@Jake20111]

The (original) photo in the thumbnail is from within ProtoDUNE. There were 2 of these prototype detectors hosted at CERN which used 2 slightly different Time Projection Chamber readout technologies. The so-called 'Single Phase' version was injected with a charged hadron beam. Analysis of this data is ongoing. Additionally, a small correction to how DUNE's detectors (Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers) work. Yes, the neutrinos will exchange a W or Z boson with the argon and some interaction products will be emitted. However, it's not just electrons which will be detected. Other charged particles will in fact ionize some of the other argon in the detector. The electrons from this ionization process are what will be read out by the detector (not actually the electrons produced directly by the neutrino-argon interaction and the subsequent shower).

[@pauldavis2108]

I got to finally tour protodune last summer after watching it's construction over several years. Pretty cool stuff.

[@nurfuerdieplaylist]

I think they are saying just what you're correcting, only worded a bit less precise. At 9:53, "THOSE particles" is referring to the "particle shower" from the collison of argon with the boson from the initial argon-neutrino interaction, if I understand that correctly :)

[@Jake20111]

@@nurfuerdieplaylist 'those particles' referring to the electron shower constituents are disctinct from the electrons ionized from the argon when a charged particle passes by (including the electrons in the shower -- 'those particles' -- as well as other charged particles like protons or pions). The ionization electrons drift toward and create signals on a set of readout wires

[@David-ik7qj]

my physics professor is actually a dune leading physicist!

[@maxM38383]

I live 20 minutes away from a particle accelerator and I drive by it everyday on my way to work. And I got to visit it on a High School field trip years ago. Im so used to living near one I don’t even think anything of it until I’m reminded by a video like this of how amazing and complicated they are. Also no one in my area ever voiced any concerns of it creating a black hole.

[@Descriptor413]

Good video! A few corrections, though: 1. 1:40 Magnetic fields don't accelerate charged particles, electric fields do, generally through the use of resonating RF cavities. Magnetic fields can only deflect the particles in a direction perpendicular to the field and the direction that the particle is already going (which is how they are used for steering the beam, as you allude to later on). 2. 3:17 While not needing steering magnets is one reason for not using a ring shaped accelerator, there's actually a much bigger reason to use a linear accelerator! The real issue is something called synchrotron radiation, which is light emitted from charged particles that are going at relativistic speeds and then bumped in a direction that not the one they're already going in, which is what is constantly happening in a ring accelerator (since the magnets are always trying to force the beam to bend). This synchrotron radiation causes the beam to lose energy, and thus speed, which is kinda the opposite of what you want your accelerator to do. Plus it creates tons of X-rays and other high energy photons, which can be quite the mess to deal with in the accelerator tunnels! (Side note, this phenomena is actually also used as a purposeful source of X-rays in some experiments, in what are called Synchrotron Light Sources). The reason we can still use ring accelerators is because protons don't put off too much synchrotron radiation, so you can still reasonably come out ahead with achievable accelerator voltages to get up to near the speed of light without issue. This is why most (if not all) ring accelerators only deal with protons and anti-protons. The problem is that when you're trying to do stuff with electrons, they produce way more synchrotron radiation, so the only way you can accelerate them to where you need to go is by using linear accelerators, which don't need to bend the beam continuously (beyond some mild correction). And that's what the ILC hopes to achieve! 3. 8:34 The real reason the neutrinos are being made in IL but measured in SD is because it's cheaper that way for tax reasons. (This one's a joke) Still, glad to see your channel put stuff like this out there for folks! There's a lot of nuance with these things, so no worries about missing a few details. I certainly wouldn't have known any better since starting my job at Fermilab a year ago, so the details don't matter too much if you're not actively working on these things. Still, I figured I would add a few tidbits for those interested!

[@soyjakchud]

cool

[@laurac6895]

How do you know this? Amazing!!

[@antonypalmer5804]

A large amount of Proto Dune was made at Daresbury Labs in the UK where we are now building some of the new detectors for Dune. We also do a lot of work for CERN if you are in England and interested in Physics you might be interested to know The team at STFC are currently planning to run their next Public Open Day on Saturday, July 15 2023, which will form part of a major Open Week starting July 10th.

[@sharrpshooter1]

I can't believe they didnt even mention how insane it is to use 17 ton of liquid argon. For anyone who doesn't know, liquid argon can only exist between 83-87 K (-308F to -302F), thats an insanely tight band, and while they can use liquid nitrogen, its gonna be insanely hard to even get that much liquid argon in there and keep it that cold

[@infinitivez]

It's so wild that we're building such massive structures to investigate such tiny tiny particles.

[@alihenderson5910]

It has to be big to justify the funding.

[@everettduncan7543]

These particles (except hadrons) don't even have size at all!

[@bradhaines3142]

it's because of the energy involved, think of it like a runway for a plane. miles long for something under 100 feet

[@bradhaines3142]

@@alihenderson5910 not really. a lot of the cost is small precise parts. time almost always costs more than materials

[@mejestic124]

because there are none😁

[@Yezpahr]

Ah yes, 5 am in the morning, the best time to upload video's because you just know I will be here to lap up the content. Thanks for making this early morning wake-up a little bit less boring.

[@CJT3X]

Would you prefer 5am at night?

[@BrainOnVacation]

But its 5 am just for you tho.... Seeing you have problems with basic time - you should ... lap up? easier videos - maybe about time zones?

[@Yezpahr]

@@BrainOnVacation I never said it would be 5am everywhere .... stickler.

[@Soken50]

Not to be confused with 5am in the afternoon.

[@MariaMartinez-researcher]

10:40. The first episode of the Star Trek Original Series dealing with parallel universes (nowadays a staple of the franchise) was The Alternative Factor (1967), and precisely was about a guy from an antimatter universe pursuing his twin from the matter universe, because... of course, if the guys ever met, that would be the end of both universes. Pretty advanced sci-fi concept for the time, unfortunately botched by the episode's execution. That happened because the actor who was signed to play the dual role of the matter-antimatter guy didn't show up, and the production had to get anyone the same size and willing to get to work on that very same day. They did, but the poor guy they got (they caught him at his birthday party), despite being a fine actor, simply had no time to figure out the complex role and as production was already delayed they couldn't stop to rehearse scenes or reshoot to improve the performances. It's one of the worst episodes of the franchise. Still, it's worth a watch, because the concept is still modern (as this video proves) and the dramatic resolution is harrowing.

[@andrewroberts1526]

Particle physicist here - I don't think I've heard "moo-on" before aha, typically people use "myoo-on" like the greek letter. More interestingly with regard to a muon collider, the other big engineering constraint is that muons decay in microseconds. You can extend this relativistically when you speed them up, but you can't escape it, so you have a ticking clock from the time you create the muons to the time you collide them. The LHC currently takes hours from injection to collision, so this would be a significant design difference, though it should still be possible. A muon collider would be really, really exciting.

[@erfquake1]

Excellent episode, many thanks!

[@adricortesia]

It's not the Higgs Boson that gives mass to particles but its associated field. The boson is just an excitation of said field. Like water to a wave. There would be no wave without water but water can exist perfectly fine without any waves.

[@toddberkely6791]

matter can exist without mass?

[@adricortesia]

@@toddberkely6791 photons are the only particle we know of that has no mass but is matter.

[@judepeppers1206]

@@adricortesia gluons ?

[@adricortesia]

@@judepeppers1206 You won't find a wild gluon somewhere in the wild or a particle accelerator for that matter ;)

[@judepeppers1206]

@@adricortesia personally i have a few in a jar

[@hacknwack4065]

one more particle accelerator guys we're gonna figure out dark matter this time guys

[@torstenkruger7372]

I love how you use a green screen to represent a green area ❤️

[@Nick-Lab]

The Higgs boson does no give any particles their mass. The particles interact with the Higgs field and that gives them mass. The Higgs boson is just an excitation of said field.

[@ericfrick4133]

Came here to say this lol

[@chrisgeggis5603]

I also went to the comments to say this, but was hopeful that someone else had already said it. @Nick Lab is correct, and so is @Erik Frick.

[@mattphorwich]

Great episode... exciting experiments! Muon accelerators and liquid argon as well as the electron positron accelerators!I'm a big fan! God bless the multiverse!

[@jamesmnguyen]

If an experiment requires 17000 tons of liquid Argon, you know it's serious.

[@MrDivinity22]

Trying to understand how a coffee cools down from the standard model feels like trying to understand advanced Go strategy from knowing that players take turns and surrounded groups are captured. As in: it's theoretically possible, but you need many layers of new concepts to make it understandable for humans. What I'm saying is that as far as I know, thermodynamics is an emergent/effective theory and not really build into the standard model.

[@FlyingDwarfman]

Pronunciation question. Is "muon" more often said "moo-on" as Stefan does in this video or more "myuu-on" as I was thinking before? I was thinking "myuu-on" because I had thought they were named after the Greek letter [μ] which I had learned was pronounced "myuu" ... despite its pronunciation being written [m-u] in the Roman alphabet. I know it's confusing.

[@mikefischbein3230]

I've only heard "myuu-on". I'm a physicist, fwiw. I kept picturing a beam of cows :)

[@snadkfow295]

Everyone I know says mew-on /myuon, and I hear a lot of people from all over the place say muon daily. It was quite odd to hear it pronounced that way.

[@SecondaryChuckle]

Moooo 🐄 I'm glad he says "experiment" the right way :)

[@culwin]

its pronounced gif

[@spshkyros]

Also a physicist - never. "mew-on", not "moo-on". Think cats, not cows.

[@vw9753]

Just spent some time in missoula for school, They loved to talk about hank green like no other. Much love for the 406.

[@AnnaNicole.]

Is that what it was for? I was assuming HTTP response codes, suggesting that Stefan was "not acceptable."

[@AnExPor]

@@AnnaNicole. Hah, that was my guess too.

[@patsk8872]

"Future Collider - Because We Haven't Destroyed Everything Yet"

[@SecretSquirrelFun]

My friend, that is always playing down what he does for a living and how clever he is etc etc was sent to CERN as part of his work 😳 He’d be working at the “collider” and attending a conference with all the other smart people. He asked me if I wanted anything while he was there, I said that I’d really like a souvenir of his visit. I was thinking about a patch for my jacket or a T-shirt something cool like that - you know similar to NASA. He brought me back a coffee mug. A coffee mug that I could have purchased from my local supermarket. It had a squirrel on it (because I like squirrels ❤). He’s my own personal Sheldon Cooper bless him. 🙂🐿❤️🌈

[@johnpekkala6941]

For electrons and positrons a linear collider is the only viable solution as electrons and positrons loose too much energy in syncrotron machines like LHC. For ex the LEP (Large Electron Posotron Collider) wich was the machine before LHC housed in the same tunnel between 1989-2000 could only reach around 180 MeV (0.18 TeV) compared to LHC reaching 7 TeV with protons. However the Tevatron at Fermilab could bring them up to at least close to a TeV and the Tevatron rings were smaller then the LEP wich was same size as LHC so it might be some differences in the machines also apart from this fact. (One thing was that the Tevatron was superconducting and LEP was not) The issue with linear accelerators however is that to reach high energies with one single pass through the machine something way more powerful then todays RF based acceleration systems are needed. Things like plasma wakefield systems and similar could generate many times the accelerating field of todays RF based machines and thus making a multi TeV linac a reality. CERN are currently working on a project called AWAKE ( Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment) that aims to develop a such system. Then we have muon accelerators.The best of both worlds but there is one more issue not taken up here regarding muon accelerators. Muons, just like higgs bosons and other super heavy particles only exist for a few billions of a second after they have been created. That means you have a VERY short time to create, accelerate and collide the muons before they cease to exist. The muon cooling system is there to adress that problem as well so that you will have enough time with the muons to be able to use them in an accelerator.

[@kristik2417]

406 - Montana represent!

[@phillm156]

The anti-matter universe would say we are the antimatter to their matter😂

[@DrDeuteron]

and they'd be right.

[@DrDeuteron]

@Sigmaxon exactly. I don't think most ppl get the joke, tho.

[@daveincognito]

I think it's funny that apes sometimes hit things with rocks when they're trying to figure out what they are, and here we are basically doing the same thing.

[@saber1epee0]

It was a formative experince when visitng CERN as a student/worker at age 21.... As much as I love the research, The immense cooling systems and infrastructure is what really gets my heart going. I'm a ChemE at heart and a physicist second

[@Quwucuqin]

Finally a good explanation and information 👍

[@bottledwaterprod]

Dammit, I could not have been more ripped and underprepared for this mindf*%$... Bravo 👏

[@bestcreations4703]

I believe that the claims that the Higgs boson is responsible for giving particles mass is wrong, it is the interaction with the Higgs field which does that, the Higgs boson is just proof of the Higgs field which is why it is so important. The Higgs boson dosent actually occur naturally at all otherwise we would have discovered it before 2015z

[@joltingonwards2017]

I flew alone from the UK to work at CERN when I was 14, it was a great experience and I'd love to return once more. I've been many other times with family and the only reason I've had these opportunities was a family friend working there!

[@nicolemitchell446]

Listening to you talk is so relaxing. The stuff I understand is interesting and stimulating and the stuff I don’t is like calming white noise. If you could develop that into pill form… you could buy your own Higgs boson, linear, muon accelerator collider thingy.

[@mukulsharma5738]

owww very nice ...it's amazing how we just used to study mostly 3 particles only ..protons neurons electrons...Now we have all sort of new stuff ..what an amazing time We live in 💥💥

[@Jukebox300Minecraft]

I'm pretty sure you mean protons, newtons, and electrons

[@mukulsharma5738]

@@Jukebox300Minecraft aaaa but didn't mean to say newton for sure...

[@Jukebox300Minecraft]

@@mukulsharma5738 ik just pulling your legs ;)

[@DrDeuteron]

there are no new particles. Higgs is 1964...quarks: 60's.....neutrino: 1950's....

[@mukulsharma5738]

@@DrDeuteron ik ..but they were mostly in theory ..but not proved by experiments

[@d.lawrencemiller5755]

I always forget Sci Show is headquartered in Missoula. Nice shirt.

[@zvuho]

2:00 I ve heard that the HB is responsable for a tiny fraction of mass, that most of it really comes from quarks vibrating close to speed of light, that energy/mass

[@vinnysworkshop]

6:19 Purrfect acronym. I'm sure this won't make anybody scared. 1 ETERNITY LATER WALL STREET JOURNAL: Two mice were smashed together at 95% the speed of light. It blew up the facility thanks to a black hole explosion at the collision.

[@bigjay875]

Is there a limit on the size of collider when the speed of light limits the fun? For example, building a loop around the planet vs one 1/2 that size assuming both can reach just shy of the speed of light. Love to hear everyones thoughts

[@LizardGuy50]

the speed of light is a limit but you can still give the particles more energy, they just gain mass

[@md.habiburrahman2959]

I am a physicist, and I think he is explaining the tough way

[@cafe9926]

glad to see scientist are getting better at speedrunning our demise

[@nicokra7602]

the location of the LHC is wrong. at 2:33 it is next to Saleve, at 5:48 it is fully in France partly under the Saleve. In fact the location is much more in the north-west, next to Jura (neary Meyrin/Saint-Genis / Segny/Ferney). Are the proposed locations of FCC and CLIC correct?

[@Littaly]

In addition to unlocking the secrets of the universe and doing groundbreaking science, particle physicists apparently also have really strong backronym game!

[@rodkeh]

The LHC swindle worked so well they figure it's time to double down and really clean these suckers out!

[@pattystephens8129]

Higgs boson has a particular attractiveness to it, something about it has a hold on scientists and pulls them in.

[@alihenderson5910]

It's called a funding black hole. Billions of dollars disappear over the event horizon and nothing of real use ever escapes.

[@TheInfintyithGoofball]

Can u guys PLEASE do a video explaining muons,neutrinos,quarks, literally every particle that isn't your normal proton electron or neutron

[@kirtil5177]

yeah they seem like a nightmare to study. just when you thought you're done with the periodic table

[@StarkRG]

We should also be looking at building a particle accelerator around the Moon. Not in orbit, just on the ground (or, rather, under it) all the way around. A _really_ big ring with no environmental concerns involved.

[@LinkG6C4N]

I feel like these types of experiments are attempting to push physics to its extremes to see how it behaves, which is almost the same concept as a game tester pushing a physics engine to its limits to see how it breaks.

[@kevenquinlan]

It never ceases to amaze me the amount of work, effort, and intelligence that humans are willing to dedicate to knowing something about objects that aren't going to be of any use to know. Hahaha, I'm not joking. This is science just for the sake of science, which is fine, and maybe it's most unadulterated.

[@Ozymandi_as]

Do you have even the faintest idea how the smartphone you're holding in your hand works, and manages to communicate what pass for thoughts to countless other people around the world within just a fraction of a second? A century ago we were listening to rudimentary radio sets, and the concept of a general purpose computing device had not yet even been imagined, let alone invented. Without fundamental research, the modern world would not exist. Without curiosity, humans would be little different from the other apes. Your problem is not that you are ignorant, because we all are, really; but that you think you know everything you need to know.

[@grantbartley483]

A cow in a disco gets its muon

[@mohhie]

- i bet you cant incorporate stock image of a radio and coffee into your script - hold my standard model

[@lonetallsassy]

Been down there twice! Atlas and CMS and the beam conditioners in the tunnels!!!

[@Encephalophage]

Does a particle accelerator that large (~32km diameter) need to curve with the earth? Or must it exist on its own plane to work effectively? I'm imagining it on the surface in, say, Wyoming, USA. Super "flat" ground, but being that large, it would curve away with the horizon Being built underground, though, it could exist in its own independent plane through specific engineering of the tunnels

[@Encephalophage]

@@sentireaeris2384 Wow, somehow this property of the geometry just slipped right by me! My brain must've been envisioning a ring laying across a cylinder, but of course, the horizon curves away in all directions!

[@web4639]

Have you ever played that arcade game where you have to "trap" the lit light bulb? I imagine trying to pump energy into these particles as they speed around the accelerator is pretty similar. You have to have slightly better timing though.

[@jordangreen29]

Maybe a coil shaped collider with some kind of gravitational or electric or magnetic accelerating attractant loops that lead either up or down to a wall of a detector which detects inside the chamber where impact occurs on the wall, and outside said wall for neutrinos. Maybe even on a miniature scale to increase how many accelerating loops there are

[@theenergizer248]

Mmmmm , Neutrino Chocolate! All flavours at once.

[@Hans-yb5jc]

I wonder what occult ceremonies and statues will be shown with this new collider. Can't wait !

[@YusufGinnah]

Upcoming Mandela Effects gonna be wild!

[@SupraSav]

I would love to know the energy consumed in a single test run

[@Makabert.Abylon]

“During LHC operations, the CERN site draws roughly 200 MW of electrical power from the French electrical grid, which, for comparison, is about one-third the energy consumption of the city of Geneva; (population 197k) the LHC accelerator and detectors draw about 120 MW thereof. Each day of its operation generates 140 terabytes of data.” - first search find on google

[@FLMKane]

@@Makabert.Abylon man I remember when 140 TB of data was a LOT!

[@Mark_badas]

@@FLMKane 140 Terabytes is still alot.

[@fb55255]

Neutrino experiments have already been done between CERN and Gran Sasso in the early 2010s. Same arrangement with one generating and shooting neutrinos through the earth and the other one detecting them

[@kha0sv4ktor72]

how do they get the particles into the collider? are they putting them in with some pinchers, or dropping them, or are they always in there and they just start the magnets?

[@RyouConcord]

Very informative ty

[@Collisto2435]

Can't wait for a collider to be built around the entire circumference of the Earth.

[@Atheistbatman]

So, will this one open up a larger demon portal or would it be same size as the other demon portals My mother is extremely worried or she was the last time we spoke which was about this several years ago

[@kraneiathedancingdryad6333]

I live across the street from the lab in SD. It's awesome, come visit! Lead, SD. 🙂

[@michaelbrantley6039]

Where does one aquire 17,000 tons of liquid argon?????? That doesn't sound like it's available just anywhere especially in those quantities. Would love to know more about how it produced or if it's a byproduct of refining other materials and how much that costs approximately. (Sounds expensive)

[@pauldavis2108]

Air is about 1% argon so yes it is avaliable just anywhere. You just cool air and at different temperatures different components will liquify alowing you to seperate them.

[@garethdean6382]

It's a byproduct of liquid air. It's used in welding so is industrially available by the gallon. Tons of the stuff IS an expense but a surprisingly small one. (Especially since it can be less pure than demanded by most industrial applications.)

[@alans5799]

what is the name of the fcc detector(s)? Long island is about to fire up the sphenix 'super phoenix' detector at rhic bnl

[@LoreCat42]

@SciShow fyi, KEK in Japan has had their neutrino beams running since 1999 doing amazing neutrino physics. Yes, DUNE will also be great, but it feel a bit odd to call it a "New Kind Of Particle Accelerator." I highly recommend this delightful video from the T2K collaboration! kzbin.info/www/bejne/q164eWZ7rK54f9U (Of course, electron-positron colliders aren't new either.)

[@dancoroian1]

...what kind of magical rare coffee is this that cools down on the order of hours rather than minutes?!

[@Merennulli]

I still want my large hadrosaur collider.

[@awaredeshmukh3202]

This deserves more likes lol

[@jemmerl]

As much crap as we give politicians... we are fortunate that enough recognize the value of science for the sake of science that mega-projects like these get funding :) Who knows how useful these studies will be in the future, and even if not, a deeper understanding of our universe is always a goal worth advancing!

[@geekswithfeet9137]

I love particle physics, I followed the LHC for a decade before I ever heard it in the media…. But they need to realise they are at the scale now that can’t just be written blank checks. I’m happy to wait a decade more at this point if it means letting commercially available gear catch up for 10% of the cost instead of hand crafting every single part on a post-grad budget per a gram….

[@AxelPironio]

2:45 5.5 MRI machines ? What unit is that ? How many Teslas ?

[@Drebin2293]

And that, children, is how we accidentally opened the portal to hell in pursuit of argent energy.

[@Gilgwathir]

One of my best childhood friends now works on the design of one of the experiments on the Future Circular Collider. If he really gets going, it takes about two minutes and I have no idea what he's going on about. It's fascinating though. I'm kind of hope that he can sneak me in for a tour once it's built 😛

[@RdTrpBrgr]

10:29 - you should have completed the reference with "but reality is often disappointing" 😋

[@jimsvideos7201]

What a time to be alive.

[@astrovation3281]

@Local Tech Priest "... this is Two Minute Papers with Dr. Károly Zsolnai-Fehér"

[@brickbunny9686]

Maybe our universe does actually have equal amounts of matter and anti-matter but that as the universe aged, pockets of each got separated between each other to form the universe we sense. Perhaps also, the anti-matter area's also emit detectable light that doesn't result in destructive recombination, so we see the anti-matter parts as if it was also normal parts. Since anti-matter is just the same kind of particles with the opposite spin, perhaps there is also a difference between lab created anti-matter and naturally occurring anti-matter, where current lab created anti-matter is as destructive as it is, because it is unstable to begin with, but naturally occurring anti-matter has had time to settle and stabilize in such a way, that if we landed on an anti-matter planet, we wouldn't notice the difference much, maybe, because natural anti-matter has already reached a stable state to allow it to form the same style of planets, star systems, world environments we are already used too, but it's rotation around their own stars would also be in the opposite direction of our own. A world and star system of naturally occurring anti-matter would have the sun set west to east. Maybe you might feel a little weird on that world since your particles spin the other way, but your not blowing up on contact with the world cause natural anti-matter having settled into a stable state to be able to form solar systems and worlds with earth like environments, requires a particle stability that might not exist for anti-matter that exist in a lab, created by an atom smasher. The apparent self destructive nature between a proton and its anti-matter counter part that we have observed may only exist due to how the lab created anti-matter was made in the first place, being a particle made from an atom smasher ramming particles together in the first place, to this lab created anti-mater also ends up having a bunch of unstable energy at the same time that it is currently charged with, that makes it possible for self destruction upon hitting it's matter counter part.

[@TheInfintyithGoofball]

11:13 looks kinda like legos

[@drasiella]

I hope to visit CERN next year!

[@RavenGhostwisperer]

moo-ONs :D Made my morning, thanks :)

[@Gr3nadgr3gory]

Screw that, we need to build stellaris gigastructual engineering mod Level accelerators. Just a giant ring around a star!

[@stanleyreynolds7800]

Back in the '60s, we called them mew-ons, not moo-ons.

[@MrCelloman999]

Linear accelerators still use magnets, just not deflecting dipoles. They use quadrupoles to focus the beam just like ring accelerators do.

[@Gensei-Kihara]

7:58 which flavor of neutrino is the most neu-tritious though?

[@garethdean6382]

Muon, quite a beefy flavor. Electron has its negatives but the heaviest is most tau-sty.

[@WhatWouldJohnSay93]

I can only recommend the Video series on the SSC Project of the 90s in the US by Bobby broccoli on KZbin Its so interesting and packed with Info about physics, politics and how they intertwined

[@vicinvesta8349]

Pipe dreams. Digging that ring will cost exorbitant amount that nobody will be willing to pay.

[@route2070]

One of these days I gotta visit Fermilab, they apparently offer weekly tours.

[@snadkfow295]

I'd call and double check what the current tour availability is, things got a lot more intense about site access in the last couple of years. It used to be super easy to get a tour but I think it got slightly more challenging. People can definitely still visit but there's fewer things open to the public atm, though I've heard rumors that some stuff might reopen.

[@justanotherearthling1062]

This sounds a lot like Rick Sanchez explaining portal fluid. 😁

[@OmegaMegalodon]

I don't think I will live long enough to see the fruits and new inventions resulting from Particle Physics and Quantum Research. It would take another few hundred years to see the progress, now we barely scratch the surface.

[@bm0ore43]

Moo-ons!!

[@das_it_mane]

10:30 Team Thanos baybeee

[@aldenconsolver3428]

Okay, that is pretty exciting. Wish I understood it clearly. It sounds (and perhaps this is my fault) that the people designing these are not trying to prove or disprove a theory but are trying to explore in realms we have not worked in. Or is there a set of theories these machines are trying to sift through? Now certain parts of my government are after social security again and want to hugely cut taxes which means we will be shorter on cash than we even are (I will avoid discussing what a miserable idea this really is). Is there a way to figure out what is the best bang for the buck that each of these is? Or is it better to put everything (financially) into fusion? I realize that Europe and China are more interested in straight science than the US is but still these will cost us a lot. That's the problem with these big machines like ITER and the LHC we have to figure out which one helps politicians the most.

[@melody3741]

Neutrino always sounds to me like something that Ned Flanders would say

[@PeaceLoveAndGuns]

The "now" of particle accelerators is the Hasbro HasLab Ghostbusters Proton Pack. Sorry, I just got mine and had to say it.

[@nokiot9]

Let’s just do this right and make a hula hoop around the earths equator in orbit

[@HeckaZecka]

I bet one day there’ll be one that goes around the whole Earth