The History of Iron and Steel

[@bryanstellfox8521]

A year ago, I found myself completely unsatisfied with my career. I felt like I wasn't improving anything in a meaningful way. Thanks to this channel, and others that focus on STEM, I got up the courage to go back to school for another degree...in material science! I absolutely love everything about materials, how they're made, how we can improve, and how they're used. Thank you so much for inspiring me to follow my passion!!!

[@bhaktapeter3501]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/e2Oxd36AgKuNjposi=0CiLZW_s1FDorpx5

[@russelltalker]

Thumbs up for reference to Primitive Technology, the best channel on youtube

[@OttoVonGarfield]

Let us unite as one, and make him a meme, immortal and forever! He shall be a god among man on the internet.

[@OttoVonGarfield]

***** That's the wrong question to ask on the internet, the true question is why not.

[@CoolRanchSociology]

I agree it's a great channel, but it's sort of rude to say "best" in a comment on someone else's channel, no?

[@russelltalker]

+Chunk'o What I see what you mean but disagree. Primitive Technology is a different kind of channel with little to no comparison to Real Engineering. Also, saying "best channel on youtube" was just a way of saying "my favorite channel" or as others might say, "best channel eveeerrrrr!!!".

[@Lrofmaulol]

max larsen the teachings of Primitive Technology shall help many a lost soul out of precarious survival situations.

[@melaniemurphyofficial]

Brilliant video! Gonna donate for the Youth Foundation in memory of your friend in the morning, hope you raise the 4k :) Fly that Irish flag.

[@greensteve9307]

Melanie!!

[@jpthepug3126]

I have Irish blood also Native American blood

[@SimonClark]

Great video man! Really looking forward to seeing what you come up with in 2017 P.S. Also it's really weird to see your face - you'd started to occupy the same part of my brain as CGP Grey as this disembodied, calming voice!

[@FreedominThought]

Spiegeleisen! Another great video man!

[@RealEngineering]

I completely forgot I left that laugh in there. Literally was just running out of time and decided, feck it, it can stay.

[@Hallebumba]

Spiegeleisen is good pronounced, though for the s in 'sp' the s is pronounced like 'sh' so its Shpiegeleisen. It's called Spiegeleisen because of its reflective surface. spiegel meaning mirror so its mirroriron

[@angelc2155]

Real Engineering Feck it.

[@aBigBadWolf]

makes it more personal, I like it.

[@dan725]

Just a reminder that the important people from that “Awe Me” (man at arms reforged) channel, split off and made an amazing new channel called “That Works,” and I HIGHLY recommend going there instead of Awe Me. Also mad props Brian. I’ve joined your channel late about 5-ish years ago, but haven’t seen the much earlier videos. Your continued tribute to your good friend is just amazing. You are absolutely a critical resource to everyone. Your videos are not only entertaining, but a gateway-drug for kids to get into STEM. My niece and nephew are already hooked. You, and the inspiration you took from your friend, are absolutely invaluable to the world. You continue to gift us with knowledge and inspiration, so I truly truly thank you for taking the time and effort to make these wonderful videos.

[@SirWrender]

This is great! I never knew the history of steel production had so many different smelting iterations haha. Also, Spiegeleisen lol

[@charliemaybe]

I watched this many years ago, but now that I am studying for mechanical engineering, this makes a ton of sense lo. Great video!

[@shahidilhan3139]

you should make a video on engines

[@f4fwildcat29]

Bernie Sanders absolutely. I'm in aero propulsion right now and I desperately need it

[@brianwyters2150]

Didn't he make one of steam engines? kzbin.info/www/bejne/nKS7oZSGiLuUqbM

[@wendyhowe7550]

My maternal grandfather was an iron puddler for his profession. He lived to be 62 years old amazingly enough. This video was very interesting and helped me to understand what he did.

[@MiguelAbd]

As a Mechanical Engineering student, steel and iron are such important materials this is basically what our materials knowledge consists of (plus some knowledge on ceramics, polimerics and such, but it is way deeper when we speak about iron and steel).

[@autolykos9822]

Your pronunciation of "Spiegeleisen" was actually pretty good. Only difference is that "sp" and "st" in German is pronounced like "shp" or "sht" - unless you're from Hannover, then you said it perfectly right :)

[@Mattipedersen]

I was thinking the exact same thing... that the original pronunciation would likely sound more like "Sh-pee-guhl-eye-zen" or "Sh-pee-guhl-ice-in". Thanks!

[@hans-joachimbierwirth4727]

You mean Hamburg. In Hannover it is Shp/Sht!

[@jobaecker9752]

Wollte ich auch sagen...

[@sjakierulez]

So german just being drunken Dutch is confirmed

[@polishedmeat6399]

@@sjakierulez its dutch thats drunken german

[@nawarhughes911]

I know this is a late comment based on the date of the unload but I really wanted to say this. First I am really sorry about tom he seems like one of the nicest guys to be with and I really hope you had awesome fun with him. I wanted to mention that you personally have inspired me to go and follow what I like to do which by chance is materials engineering. Thank you so much and thank you tom for inspiring you. Ps I honestly cried when I heard your friend died but I then couldn't stop smiling at how much you where doing for his dreams. I can not grasp how nice a guy you are

[@baseladel3779]

First off I'd like to offer my condolences for Tom's death, and I'd also like to thank him a lot for encouraging you to be able to make the outstanding videos I've been binge watching for a few days now. I aspire to become an engineering student myself and I've learnt a lot from your video, so I would like to thank you as well. Keep being awesome!

[@harrisp584]

I love the obvious correlation between hard working compassionate individuals and their ability to be successful in different fields. You could probably be doing anything and you would do it to your best. That's very admirable. I love your channel, it's clean and precise. Thank you!

[@BS-bd5uq]

Remember to give credits to western European swords beside Japaness katanas. Both invested a lot in metallurgy with different aims and both achieved them quite successfully.

[@sad_depressed_weeb4996]

*I was picturing him as a clean shaved, glass wearing nerd looking smart guy but this dude looks more like a hipster*

[@RealEngineering]

No Comment-Kd complete hipster

[@qwerty112311]

No Comment-Kd expected a hipster 8/10

[@jean-francoisberube710]

Is more a swagger than a hipster in my opinion. But look doesn't matter, his true dedication to making quality informative video about engeneering does!

[@E3E--]

Doesn't look hipster to me

[@Frisenette]

Very handsome. And those eyebrows for heavens sake!

[@amanbajracharya7403]

Lots of love from Nepal!.I have watched most of your videos and they are amazing and inspiring .And finally saw you..😄😄

[@JJRClassic88]

THANK YOU for making it perfectly clear that the *carbon content* dictates the difference between wrought iron, steel, and cast iron. There's a lot of confusion out there about what the basic definition is for "steel", but you stated it correctly. Excellent video sir!

[@boomjonggol5757]

3:37 Eiffel Tower at night? Wait, that's illegal.

[@markoap91]

That's exactly what I thought.

[@xiro6]

had to google what you talking about,and cant believe it,they always find ways to surprise me.I hope they dont use street photos with grafittis on the walls for city guides,XD.

[@drabberfrog]

I was going to comment that. Who else watched that video that explained why the Eiffel tower at night was illegal?

[@joaquinqueijo6086]

@@drabberfrog I did! Your talking about the HAI video right?

[@drabberfrog]

@@joaquinqueijo6086 I think I was talking about the HAI video but I might have been talking about this Tom Scott video kzbin.info/www/bejne/jIqraWqMa6p7qM0

[@rohannalawade3227]

As a aspiring mechanical engineer I love this page as it simplifies and presents very important concepts. Keep it up guys!

[@RealEngineering]

Sorry about that last upload. Just realised I have messed up the edit. It has been a stressful day trying to get this video up in time! Weird showing my face too.... www.gofundme.com/nepal-youth-foundation I don't expect anyone to donate. I have donated that 2000 euro already, but I would appreciate any little bit that ye can help with. Throw me any questions you have over at: twitter.com/Fiosracht

[@lalandleah]

Great videos as always. Learning new things everyday is always great

[@obviouslydead6971]

Why is the only quality setting available 1080p? My monitor and internet speed cannot cope with such pointlessness...

[@Hallebumba]

Spiegeleisen is good pronounced, though for the s in 'sp' the s is pronounced like 'sh' so its Shpiegeleisen. It's called Spiegeleisen because of its reflective surface. spiegel meaning mirror so its mirroriron

[@morningstar9647]

Real Engineering thank you for your work

[@swican0]

at 2:40 you say "less than 0.8%" but show "0.08%". technically correct

[@marcowatson5816]

bro my name is marco watson dude.... I love you brother and thank you for all the good you and your friends have done. I am working to and striving to follow in your footsteps people are conflicted between hunger and money and wealth, but we know this is just ideals and dogmas forced by greedy people and systems of old ways and we live in a new and growing world thats growing because of people like you. I can go on youtube like I did tonight to research what iron is and how I can make iron and its different forms which I didnt even know steel was just another form of iron....this is because of you I learned this and it was free... you shared and help me grow today thank you.

[@CommanderGumball]

"Fahking, good quality English" Love it. Your friend Tom seems like he was a great person!

[@shakyaikesh3512]

I'm form nepal and i wanna thank-you for the help and support... i like your videos too...they are very educational... thank you a lot

[@rojm]

runescape taught me all i need to know 'bout this

[@shahidilhan3139]

wheendar No you learnt it yourself be proud brave warrior!

[@samwelltarly6700]

Bronze: One part copper, one part tin Iron: Melt ore and consider yourself lucky when 50% ends up pure Steel: One part iron, two parts coal (which is somehow more difficult to come by than the iron itself) Btw, has runescape actually become worthwhile in the meantime, or is it still around 99% tedious grinding?

[@HunterHerbst]

The little chuckle after spiegeleisen really made this almost faceless voice on the internet feel more human. I know he shows his face at the end of the video, but I usually have these playing as background while working on other things.

[@Iri5hman]

"forge the perfect blade" suuuure

[@garethdavies2538]

The first Bessemer converter was installed in Dowlais, South Wales. My late father-in-law who lived there said that in the 1920's one couldn't walk up Dowlais High Street because sparks from the latest Bessemer versions fell in the street when a "blow" was in progress..

[@timoschneider5915]

your prononciation of spiegeleisen was really good. well i am not german but swiss, and we also speak some form german, but we write and read in german.

[@samh-smith2931]

sorry to hear about your loss! this is the coolest video ive watched about engineering! the most replayed was the last 30 seconds, i hope youre well mate! take care

[@tommytran5962]

I agree that following and doing something your passionate about is the best path to take. It is very brave of you to quit your job and pursue your video making passions. I honestly don't know what I want to do with my life, but you are an inspiration for me to search for what I love to do. I wish you the best of luck in everything. Keep it up, your videos are stellar!

[@RealEngineering]

Thanks Tommy. Have read all the comments you have left in the last while

[@juanvilar4391]

nepal is amazing. that was a very nice gesture. I worked for a year in Nepal as a volunteer with an ngo and it was definately one of the best experiences in my life.

[@juanvilar4391]

i love your channel by the way.

[@MTR702]

Hey, another awesome video!

[@RealEngineering]

thanks for the help Mike!

[@mukhtaar1237]

Thanks so very much

[@areebasiddiqui2701]

Great video! Learned a lot about the production of steel.

[@outshimed]

Didn't expect you to be the snapback wearing type!

[@RealEngineering]

outshimed I'm all about that astronaut billionaire boys club. Also my eyes are shit and I need to shade them

[@outshimed]

Who's not down with ABBC?

[@h4tchetman]

Clever monkeys

[@MA-oo8rp]

True

[@davidhansen3691]

Being a welder it just amazes me the amount of energy that has went into creating all the steel and metal that makes up the modern world, all the diesel burned for mining the coal turned to coke to make the steel, the thousands of watts of energy to make just a single pipe weld, there are hundreds of welds per mile and there are hundreds of thousands of miles of pipelines all around the world, all that metal ore mined then refined then formed into pipe then trucked to the site then welded then maintained then the energy to explore for then extract and refine, it's amazing gasoline and diesel only costs what it does considering the cost of the infrastructure behind it

[@HuckleberryHim]

A video on the history of iron and steel production with no mention of India can, at very best, be called incomplete.

[@otomackena7610]

Hittinum i was thinking the same just another Eurocentric channel they always overlook south asian history.

[@texury2714]

+kibichi Altair Indian history is very unreliable in general, in South Asia there isn't much evidence to certain pieces of history as the Indians didn't really document things, unlike the Romans, which is one reason why we know so much about Romans but not the Indians.

[@otomackena7610]

Texury you dont read much about history do you?India entered Iron age 1800-1200 BC .Ever heard of the famous 'Wootz Steel', Iron pillar of Delhi that dates back to 402CE .The are plenty of other documented histories like 'Arthashastra' from 3rd BC .

[@AstroRamiEmad]

I'm a Syrian refugee ... I can't donate (not allowed to have a back account here and don't have the money anyway) but I wanted to do something to show my support ... Even a comment ... And a shout out for your cause

[@lizardbaron3727]

Did not disappoint with the expectation for a beard.

[@chriscash7779]

12 minutes in...so young...so hopeful...well, good for you guys, as much younger than I. But yeah, take care truly. N condolences on your friend, Tom. He followed his heart...and one cannot argue that. Truth. Always...from North America...Slainte n God bless.🤗

[@SebastianLopez-nh1rr]

Your channel is amazing mate

[@Dhaval_]

i m mechanical engineering student and i love your every video. your videos taught me more than my college. keep making videos. sorry for your friend

[@AnhTrieu90]

Oh please, talk about Japanese steel in a future video. Thank you for the great contents!

[@Minecraftster148790]

I don't like it when people say you don't learn anything in school. We learn about stress strain graphs and how blasts furnaces work, and people say that they learn more in a few minutes on KZbin than a year in school. I love these videos and watch many maths and science videos, nut you still learn most of your knowledge in school

[@jericho8198]

Can you talk about Carben Nano tubes at some point

[@jericho8198]

Jazz Greiner BRUH

[@thesage1096]

nano means yesyes ?

[@jericho8198]

The Sage sure

[@heart0fthedrag0n]

CARBON NANO TUBE TRANSISTOOORS! Sorry, couldn't resist :D

[@Krabbykrabbkrabb]

You sir, have made a positive impact on my life right now. thank you. I hope more people could see your videos especially the younger generations to inspire them to pursue Engineering.

[@superdau]

Thanks for the very well researched videos you make! (but please don't call a katana the perfect blade ;) , it fares worse than contemporary blades from the rest of the world in many respects; the steel used for european blades was superior to japanese steel - mostly because the japanese lacked the right ore resources and hadn't developed a consistent process of creating steel)

[@1ohtaf1]

This is about material science, please take your neck beard and or wee-boo fantasies elsewhere.

[@superdau]

1ohtaf1 That's why I said he shouldn't call it the perfect blade. Exactly because rating swords shouldn't be something done on an engineering channel, especially when the rating is done by some almost mystical properties (those exact wee-a-boo fantasies), that aren't based on reality.

[@japendragiri101]

May Tom's soul rest in peace..thank you for your effort to help the youth foundation in Nepal.

[@SabbelSeyl]

You said the percentage of carbon in steel wrong at 2:53. Great video though :)

[@MetricZero]

The end of your video really hit home. Sorry to hear about your loss, but it sounds like he's left you with some great memories and some good advice. Keep up the amazing work.

[@bingo784]

This is so fucking metal!!!

[@pruemckechnie]

This is the absolute best channel ever, can't believe I only just discovered it! So well researched, interesting and up to date. THANKYOU REAL ENGINEERING! Thos is so awesome

[@Ravidist]

"High steel consumption means a country is building infrastructure" *America has left the chat*

[@Sheenl8]

As a student studying materials engineering/sciences, I already know a lot about what you talk about in your videos, but i cant help but drop what im doing and watch whatever you upload! you have a wonderful way of explaining the concepts and i dont think i could love your videos anymore than i already do! keep up the great work and I wish you all the best in 2017!!!

[@MrSmith336]

Good job with the videos. I look forward to see what you have for us in 2017.

[@wesleycatlett9144]

Thank you for the Primitive Technology shout out, I love his videos!

[@Noob___Noob]

Error at 8:52 you put sulfur as reactant instead of silicon

[@TheLtVoss]

9-BBN yes and no sulfur burn in a bessemer coverter too

[@musketbal]

You are a man with true integrity, which has become rarer then hens teeth. God bless you in all your future plans.

[@leedaniel2002]

>katana >perfect blade Phtttt!

[@jonathanwells223]

Lee Poling perfect meat cleaver maybe, not the perfect blade

[@doctaflo]

isn’t meat cleaving basically what you’re doing with a sword? (the non-pokey swords, anyway)

[@WearyKirin]

@@doctaflo a meat cleaver won't do much to chain mail or iron plates neither will a katana

[@kitanotatsu]

​@@WearyKirin True; however, peasants don't have chain mail or iron plates. Or armour of any kind, for that matter. Please forgive the following mini-rant, and please correct me if there's an error: The idea of the Katana as the "Ultimate Sword" is absurdly romanticised, and probably comes from a combination of the sword being the self-defence weapon of choice of the Samurai class, the use of swords by officers in militaries the world over, and the longstanding influence of Bushido on Japanese culture. However, saying a Katana can't penetrate armour is a bit like saying a 19th century flintlock pistol can't shoot through a tank: neither was ever used for that purpose. Tough it did evolve from weapons that would have been used on the battlefield, the modern Katana is a weapon used primarily for either self-defence or duelling, and in neither case would an opponent be wearing armour. Also, let's not forget that in almost every respect, the spear is the far superior battlefield weapon: it has longer range, takes less metal to make, is easier to use in formation, and requires less training.

[@boygenius538_8]

@@WearyKirin I mean most swords wouldn’t do well against that, swords are sideardarms or relatively unarmored opponents.

[@NarayanBhandariGulmi]

Thank you man for supporting Nepal Youth Foundation..

[@engineeringworld.]

Good video ! Love your content !

[@thenarrator1921]

Dude you're making me cry at the last part. You made me believe in humanity a little bit more.

[@VoidHalo]

3:41 I thought images of the Eiffel Tower's lights were copyrighted.

[@ibekbolot]

Saying it as a engineering student, god bless content creators like you 🙇‍♂️

[@sallen5019]

why did he delete then re-upload this?

[@RealEngineering]

The editing was a bit wonky, so had to fix and reupload.

[@sallen5019]

Ok. Great video btw and I love your channel.

[@grayswandir47]

Excellent video. When the Bessemer Converter arrived, the railroads in the USA consumed nearly all of the steel made while they raced to replace the old wrought iron tracks. Could you do a follow on and explain how the Basic Oxygen Furnace and Electric Arc furnace are different from the Bessemer?

[@inthefade]

Katana has the perfect blade? Come now.

[@VladiSSius]

Katana can cut thru titanium! THAT is perfect!

[@MsSomeonenew]

Sort of did, they had a very high carbon steel and kept it at a high hardness, but that was only usable because the blade was then wrapped in lower carbon steels which kept it from cracking.

[@user-by7hj4dj9s]

+VladiSSius, Ti is quite soft. it is not all that much when it comes to hardness

[@doodsalot270]

Oh yeah VladiSSius, I think I remember that episode of The Clone Wars. That was the 1st season when yoda cut that tank in half wasn't it? You're an idiot.

[@VladiSSius]

funny, an idiot that doesnt get the meme and call others idiot. really funny.

[@Silverburstnelson]

Thank you so much for being amazing. I am currently doing the I hate my job thing and your epilogue spoke mountains to me. It is time to quit being afraid.

[@14112ido]

dude, use arrows when you write chemical reactions.

[@xenonram]

young_eng. He's probably using a program that doesn't allow for arrows. He knows well enough that they're suppressed to be arrows.

[@andresalval7996]

man keep on like this, you'll make the world a better place believe me.

[@verdatum]

I'm guessing you left out the concept of pig-iron for simplicity-sake? The blast-furnace makes pig iron, not cast-iron. Same concept only with still more carbon, making it worthless for much except making cast-iron, steel, and occasionally as cheap ballast.

[@RealEngineering]

Yeap, they are similiar enough that I thought I could merge the two. Threading a line between being entertaining and educational, explaining the minute differences between the two is the opposite of entertaining.

[@wantsomecandies73]

He missed out the proportion of raw materials needed to make steel.

[@tachy635]

Hey man, I've just sent an Spanish version of the subtitles, kind of needing the video for materials science teaching, you know with all the social distancing, virtual class and everything, we were needing this stuff to help the students. I like your channel a lot, hope to have time to see more of your videos!!

[@011azr]

What kind of accent do he speak in? I'm non-native English but it doesn't sound like typical American. Yet, it has that rhotic American "R".

[@pauljones3017]

Irish.

[@qwertyTRiG]

011azr Even most British accents are rhotic. Just the posh accents and RP are non-rhotic.

[@imatreebelieveme6094]

Some kind of irish accent? Not sure which one, non-native English speaker here as well.

[@citizenblue]

You seem to be a noble and altruistic young man. A true credit to society and this platform. Keep engineering and educating, my friend.

[@The1Helleri]

While this is a neatly painted picture. It's oversimplified. No mention of pig iron, what exactly a producer gas is and the role of coke. No mention of carburized steel and case hardening. Or the superiority of bronze in most cases as a material over ductile irons. No mention of monel or stainless/super steels (natural or other wise) which if one is going to talk about meteoric iron is very important. I really feel like there is just too much lost in the condensing of the information to call this accurate. I mean it's well made for what it is (the production value is there). It's one of the better attempts to reduce the subject down to it's basics that I've seen. But there are just too many points where a felt compelled to figuratively raise a finger to something said. It's really not a subject that can be treated fairly by fitting it into such a short one off video.

[@chowtom5174]

This is supposed to be an introduction video to someone who doesn't know anything, so I think he did a pretty great job. But yes, I think you'd agree that he could follow this intro video up with an in-depth video perhaps on his second channel, that'd make both audiences happy :)

[@RealEngineering]

I left pig iron out on purpose, it's no different from cast iron. Having more than one name for the same thing just over complicates things. My videos are rarely one-offs, I will make a video so I can talk about a subject in more detail in future. I will be referencing back to old videos more and more in future. I'll be covering steel with more detail very soon.

[@The1Helleri]

Pig iron and cast iron are not the same thing. It has much higher carbon and silicon content by weight then is tolerable in most finished cast iron products (though similar to some). It also has a lot more impurities in higher amounts than cast iron. Like manganese, phosphorous, and sulfur. And the distribution of material in pig iron is far less homogeneous, having large chunks of graphite, slag , and being very aerated. It's an intermediate furnace product. And it's formulation and even phase is highly inconsistent. If poured into piglets it will later be worked into ductile/wrought iron. If kept molten it goes directly towards conversion into steel. Or it's impurities are mostly removed and it is slightly decarburized in order to make it into cast iron products. But pig iron itself isn't very useful except as one material that can be taken any number of directions.

[@RealEngineering]

Okay, you got me there, but they are similar enough to ignore those differences for the sake of clarity.

[@The1Helleri]

That wouldn't be for the sake of clarity; But for the sake of simplicity. You did a great job at condensing what could be condensed. It's one of the better attempts to simplify the subject that I have seen. It's just (unfortunately) not a subject that takes well to compression. One could easily spend an hour or so leading up to actually talking about iron just in establishing context (what proceeded it, what enabled the rise of iron, why the shift occurred). Being clear is not always possible to do whilst keeping things simple. It can't be dropped onto a sliding scale and remain accurate. If it were to be accurately depicted. You'd have to go for tree branch organization. And you would end up with a few trunks and some branches that intertwine and loop back on themselves.

[@jockellis]

My beaching instructor told me that the 5,000 years experience with bronze taught metalsmiths to properly mix the elements of this and it resulted in canon with life expectancies of 900 rounds. Iron was still fairly new and workers could not - at the time if the Civil War - mix it properly. In 1844 a fat round deck gun exploded on its first shop, killing several of the President’s cabinet. These, he told me had only, maybe a 75 round like expectancy.

[@tummywubs5071]

Hey mate. If your going to talk about katanas... err... yeah... From someone who loves swords let me just say this. They are not the perfect sword. Nor is most swords. They are highly exaggerated in their performance but that does not mean they are bad. European swords are just as good. Its more to do with the quality of the blacksmith making the sword, not the type of sword.

[@rocketsocks]

Really excellent video. One very slight addition I'd make is to point out that in the bloomery furnace method of making Iron it's important to maintain a temperature at the welding point of Iron. This is high enough to cause the glass impurities to melt and run out but it also fuses together the iron into a sponge so that it can be handled and worked as it welds itself together. Without that welding it would be much harder to work and it also might fall as bits and pieces into the liquid slag, instead of staying separated from it.

[@michaelleota6240]

🙄

[@hanskrebs208]

why reupload?

[@brianwyters2150]

Apparently it was an editing error or something.

[@AshishVaidya3]

As a Nepali subscriber, I didn't expect you to start talking about Nepal. Thanks for the donation and I hope your friend rests in peace. Your videos are brilliant. hope you have a great 2017. btw you should come visit Nepal sometime.

[@RexGalilae]

why did you pull this video down?

[@garret1930]

Rex Galilae he had problems with the editing and put it back up when he fixed it

[@ryan.m.weisgerber]

Your fundraising campaign for the Nepal Youth Foundation is no longer active, but I was able to donate directly to the organization through their website. Thank you for the videos you make and for spreading awareness about this youth foundation. You're making a difference.

[@workwithnature]

Nope you pronounced spiegeleisen correctly.

[@KC-by2ll]

Great video! Gave me a general idea of how this stuff works, which is exactly what I was looking for. As for the rare complainer asserting that it lacks more detailed University level information, please realize that you are on KZbin, land of curious laypersons, and not sitting in a classroom at MIT. This guy deserves real credit. Many thanks for the education!

[@ommastfa2733]

The Holy Qur’an, the book of Muslims, mentioned more than 1400 years ago that iron comes from the sky, so praise be to God for the blessing of Islam

[@Queenfisher444]

People were smelting steel thousands of years before Mohammad. Islam is irrelevant in this conversation.

[@MrHavoc313]

Damn that video at the end made me cried a bit. Watching this in 2020 makes you wanna change things. Thanks again!

[@pixelshady6143]

The katana is a terrible overrated weapon that has been surpassed by weapons even before it, its extremely thick and it breaks quite easily i expected you know more about metal weapons than this

[@rukshanatapadar4950]

It doesn't break quite easily. The katana was actually made with two layers. The first, inner layer had a high carbon, while the outer layer had a low amount to prevent it from easily breaking.

[@dufftheduff7335]

Rukshana Tapadar it broke incredibly easy, the only good thing abit was its sharpness

[@mitchellseymour5402]

the sword your mom bought you from eBay broke easy hua lmfao. yep.... the "master blacksmiths" he speaks of have swords that cost more then you make in a year. not one person in this comment section has even held a true "Katana" the swords we all have including the 1000$ sword thats on my wall are toys compared to what the blacksmiths in 16th century Japan created. do some research before you make yourself sound like an ignorant child.

[@HipposHateWater]

No offense, but every single "fact" you guys have parroted here is either complete myth or misconception that has been thoroughly debunked time and time again. It's literally just as wildly inaccurate as claiming the katana could cut machine gun barrels in half. I highly recommend all of you go over to Shadiversity's channel, and watch the entirety of his video series on the Katana. That's the best source I know of that has formatted it all into one tidy and easily-consumed package. (And it's all from reliable sources, not just hearsay parroted by random people in KZbin comment threads.)

[@andres646]

I was just thinking this, in fact katanas were inferior to similar long blade weapons at that time, and i´ve read it was common that they break in a duel.

[@Parafaragaramus1]

That sort of intimate recording towards the end reminds me of all the late night conversations I would have with personal friends of mine and the topics and aspirations we'd talk about. I'm sure I have a few snippets of recording very similar to this one. I will definitely donate what I can.

[@RighteousFondue]

Would you be able to do a video talking about how engineering reached the levels of precision present today? I've always wanted to know how we went from hand crafting things with rough rulers and other forms of measurement to being able to machine things nearly perfectly flat within a thousandth of an inch, and making things on a microscopic level.

[@t3Te93]

Wow dude, I am really digging your channel, I just discovered it since next week are my midterms... That last part was just wow, this world needs more people like you.

[@shingshongshamalama]

That little chuckle was adorable.

[@M_0892]

Thanks for uploading. The massage at the end was sincere. Keep up the good work!

[@nkumshahi]

Warm Thanks from Nepal. Your friend Tom is watching you from Heaven for sure and I bet he is really proud of your efforts to fulfill his vision. May his soul rest in peace. Salute to You and Him. Thanks again. :) Keep doing good deeds for everyone. :)

[@biltumahato1138]

Lot of thanks from Nepal. Big fan of your channel.

[@jimhumphrey]

Fast paced, I can see why you and Alec Steele get along. I see much here on your channel that interest me.

[@axiezimmah]

See you next year. Even as a fellow engineer I love your channel because the videos are short and clear. And even though most of the information in it is not new to me, it's still fun to watch.

[@HemantKumar1993]

8:50, a nice way to convert S(sulfur) to Si(silicon)