The History of Mesoamerica: Every Year

This video will show the history of Mesoamerica from the inception of the Olmec Civilisation to the fall of the last native kingdoms to Spain.
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Support me on Patreon: www.patreon.com/user?u=4740833
Follow me on DeviantArt: olliebye.deviantart.com/
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Original Map:
(Unavailable)
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Thanks to:
AztlanHistorian for the research for the video:
/ @aztlanhistorian
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Music:
Johannes Bornlöf - Exile Before Dishonor

[@342Rodry]

Aztecs: finally I can become an empire. Spain: hello there

[@jeremieherard2166]

General Kenobi

[@danielbartholomew4037]

Well, at least they had their time in the sun.

[@juansanchez5001]

@John Newman nice

[@boxmx1246]

Hello smallpox

[@guajolototemasias303]

The fall of the empire was made possible by the enemy tribes of the aztecs

[@AztlanHistorian]

I sincerely think this map is an important achievement in order to improve the knowledge about Mesoamerica. Thank you Ollie for this chance. It was an honor to work with you!

[@JKTProductionzIncNCo]

Hey don't sell yourself short. You both have done an amazing job. I will look further into it. Before this I only knew of the big 3:Aztec,Maya, & the Inca. So thanks for the broadening my horizons.

[@AztlanHistorian]

JKTProductionzIncNCo Thanks for the compliment! I hope you continue enjoying my work and Ollie's, cause we still have History to work on for a while! :)

[@tatumx2669]

Pero como que está mal. En 1325 se fundó la gran tenochtitlán y él pone a los mexicas hasta casi el 1400, que no mame

[@AztlanHistorian]

La Triple Alianza (alias. Imperio Azteca) no surgió formalmente sino hasta 1428. Por eso la expansión del imperio no aparece sino hasta mucho después de 1400. Ciertamente hubiera convenido poner un recuadro mostrando el Valle de México para poner Tenochtitlán, pero también durante la mayor parte de su historia, esta seria una tributario mas de Azcapotzalco; pero supongo que eso podría corregirse si se hiciese una nueva versión del vídeo en el futuro

[@JKTProductionzIncNCo]

No problem dude. I hope it all works out.

[@FromNothing]

Was wondering when you were gonna upload this. Very well-done. Most people don't know or care about other civilizations of Mexico except the Maya or Aztecs. It's cool to see all of these other states and empires grow and fall.

[@AztlanHistorian]

Just like what happens with the cultures of West Africa. We really need to improve our "World History" classes and give these cultures, nations and peoples the place they deserve ;) Greetings!

[@FromNothing]

Thanks and you're absolutely right. I actually make videos about African kingdoms and civilizations myself.

[@AztlanHistorian]

Yes, I've seen them. I really like your work ;) I hope someday I can make my own content and help educate people about my homeland

[@FromNothing]

Oh awesome well you should go for it. You're welcome to join my discord. We have myself and other creators who can help you get started.

[@ethanplague1618]

Yeah, I actually thought the Aztecs took power way before they did.

[@EmperorTigerstar]

Toltec. Sounds like the college football rivals for the Aztecs.

[@SxVaNm345]

It was all just one big, soccer field game.

[@AztlanHistorian]

Fun fact. Toltecs and Aztecs never met, but the Aztecs thought they were Toltec heirs, as many other Mesoamerican peoples did

[@GyacoYu]

Hhhwwwattt?!

[@johnharoldlim6988]

RecThxrtxTxo Gaming now thats racist

[@recthxrtxtxogaming8455]

It's called a joke??? Ever heard of it????? Today's world is so fed up about racism it's funny.

[@duduchannel6729]

Your channel has become an encyclopedia, awesome!

[@SxVaNm345]

Encyclopedia-Mappica

[@wt61]

Dudu Channel Truly

[@iOnlySignIn]

Spain: Omae wa mou shindeiru. Aztecs: Nani?! [Gunpowder Sounds]

[@edney218]

haha AOE?

[@whathell6t]

iOnlySignIn I’m guessing you also read and saw Hirohiko Araki’s Jojo’s Bizarre Adventure Part 2: Battle Tendency.

[@eyuin5716]

This is more historically accurate. Spain: Ya estás muerto. Aztecs: Tleh?! [Gunpowder Sounds]

[@tatumx2669]

In Fact, when the hispanics went to Yucatán península, they asked to natives, how they called, but obvouslly they don't understand spanish, then they response: Yucatán. Yucatán = i don't understand you. True history.

[@CarlosN2]

Please cut down the weeaboo shit

[@Siegbert85]

Wow, the Aztecs came in late and only ruled briefly. I wasn't aware. Somehow you hear more about them than the other peoples.

[@xenotypos]

Because they built significant stuff and were more advanced than the previous civs, a bit like the Incas in south America.

[@AztlanHistorian]

It is mostly due the fact that they were the main power in Mesoamerica at the time of the Spanish arrival. After all, they had the most extended and prosperous state in the region

[@xo-1320]

Aztlan Historian But they also had a lot of enemies. Actually if I recalled one of them made a treaty with the Spanish, recognizing the Spainish king as their lord and surprisingly the Spainish honored it until they where kicked out by Mexico.

[@AztlanHistorian]

+ Emp United Indeed, they had lots of enemies (something partly attributable to their position as the local superpower), and not only one enemy nation allied itself with the Spaniards; there were the Tlaxcallan Republic and the city-states of Cholollan and Huexotzinco, as well as many Aztec subject peoples like the Totonacs from the province of Zempoala. Also It's not surpring that the Spaniards honored their alliance with the Tlaxcaltec and other peoples. While its true that they eventually repressed the Totonac and other peoples when they opposed the Spanish policies, the conquistadores also honored their most useful allies, like the Otomí and the Tlaxcaltec because they provided manpower for further conquests and also settlers for the frontiers, which allowed these peoples to become among the most privileged natives in the Spanish dominions.

[@ducklordthegreat352]

Emp United One of their enemies? More like all of their enemies.

[@vanillabutcher5857]

Well, that escalated quickly

[@dinozone7373]

I loved the fact that you took the time to research the boundaries of the individual classical Mayan kingdoms. Ever since reading the fantastic "A Forest of Kings" by Linda Schele, the intrigues and wars of the classical Maya have always interested me. Although I rarely comment, your map is the first I have seen to give a complete view of the Mayan classical kingdoms, so seriously, great job with the video!

[@AztlanHistorian]

Glad you enjoyed it! Since long ago I wanted to make a depiction the most accurate possible about the numerous Maya cities and kingdoms and help dispell that misconception of a Mayan Empire, and show the Maya as the dynamic civilization they were back in the Prehispanic era ;)

[@eyuin5716]

Spearthrower Owl of Teotihuacan conquered a significant amount of Mesoamerica in the 4th century including Tikal. This guy was basically the Napoleon of Mesoamerica. A video on this King and his conquests would be pretty interesting topic.

[@AztlanHistorian]

Indeed, It would we interesting, unfortunately there's virtually no record of his exploits, so it would be basically impossible to make. Although there's was another, better known, Mesoamerican "Napoleon", Eight Deer Jaguar Claw, I think he would also make an interesting subject for a video :)

[@SxVaNm345]

I second these notions!

[@eyuin5716]

Aztlan Historian Thank you by the way for helping Ollie Bye making this. This was an amazing video.

[@AztlanHistorian]

Glad you enjoyed it ;) I really enjoyed helping him with this video

[@OllieBye]

Thanks to AztlanHistorian, who helped with the research for this video. You can find more of his work here: kzbin.info/door/OP_ZassEVTM_1CMbMZfArA

[@train884]

cool

[@AztlanHistorian]

It was my pleasure to work with you ;)

[@Dougy]

Okay senpai ^_^

[@CanaryMapping]

3:45 attempt*

[@xinkyroblox5927]

Ollie Bye nice video I have a suggestion pls

[@sirnave810]

1519: Aztec: Maya, I don’t feel so good. Spanish Empire: *OH HELLO THERE!* Maya: Oh no... PLEASE DON’T *NOOOOO!*

[@JP-en7cc]

Spain in the 1500: *Finds natives with gold* -Did you guys ask for some catholicism? USA in the 2000: *Finds third world country with oil* Did you guys ask for some democracy?

[@richardwhite6062]

Yeah. Cuz we wiped out millions upon hundreds of millions just for that oil. While they were being slaughtered and opressed as part of a lower caste. Dumbass people learning history but no context.

[@JP-en7cc]

@@richardwhite6062 u mad bro?

[@richardwhite6062]

@@JP-en7cc Not mad. Just saying you drew a false comparison and know nothing of substance. Carry on. Typical leftist retort though. Nicely done. Happy 4th of July!

[@anjanmallik1053]

@@richardwhite6062 And by the way, self-righteous bastards like you will never learn. Your cognitive capacity has been rotting in the echo chambers for an eternity now. Caste -- really? I mean you assumed that it was India? Well India never had or have oil in the first place. And USA never invaded it. You accuse others of learning history out of context and you, an idiot, learned neither history, nor context nor human decency. And still you act as if the West came like a messiah for the "barbarous savage" East? Hah, hah, I'll take this moment to teach you that the number system you are using, a large portion of maths that you ever had the privilege to learn in your high school (unless of course you dropped out), came from the East. And by the way, the West has its history written in golden letters, the history of slavery, imperialism, racial supremacy, and Abrahamic religion to which I can trace most of the world's hatred, bigotry and terrorism. The last country that teaches us about wrongs of oppression will be US. Now, you may as well continue your miserable, pathetic life fraught with chauvinism and vanity.

[@JP-en7cc]

@@richardwhite6062 okay but don't cry that hard please. Have a nice day

[@RowanProductions]

Another amazing video from you Ollie! I understand that this region is a difficult one to portray but you nailed it.

[@botchamaniajeezus]

Wow, im really digging the new style. Hope you're being compensated well for the work you put into these

[@JuliaDM]

Great video Ollie !

[@deltharion]

Nice video! Gracias

[@galacticpenguintv6752]

Great video! I'm glad this region finally got some coverage from the mapping community,

[@AztlanHistorian]

I'm really glad too ;) Although there's still plenty of material to work on about this region! :D

[@poweredlunar7167]

Great vid! I hope you continue to grow.

[@poweredlunar7167]

Ummm what?????

[@jufington5520]

Spain was the 'Murica of the 1500s. "Yo Aztecs, I heard you've got cacao. It looks like you'll need some exploring."

[@Tjurenful]

@@ramiromen6595 heard of WW2?

[@arturocalderon1043]

More like, i heard j got some gold.maybe u need some catholicism

[@spanishmapper671]

Spanish policies towards natives were VERY different to the American policies. Spain treated the natives properly while the US did many genocides and massacres to its enemies (for example the invasion of Iraq on which war crimes were commited against Iraqi people) and to the natives (for example the American expansion to the west on which they stole native land and made "reserves" which were more like concentration camps instead. Nazi concentration camps were 5 star hotels compared to the "reserves" of the americans and brits.

[@scintillam_dei]

@@spanishmapper671 Ve mis vídeos sobre nuestro imperio el más grande de todos. Por ejemplo: "Spain created the British Empire and the USA."

[@danielhertzmaybe]

I'm Mexican-Spanish (sounds redundant, I know) and I found this so interesting, it just motivated me so much to learn more about the history of Mexico

[@AztlanHistorian]

Glad you enjoyed the video! Enjoy your discovery journey!

[@scintillam_dei]

@@AztlanHistorian Vean mi serie "The British Empire Was NOT The Biggest!" Hypocrites say "Waves don't count! PS Britannia ruled the waves!"

[@arnouldpaul5497]

thanks for your awesome work on your channel !

[@earthc]

Wow, so many civilizations that I never heard of... good video!

[@AztlanHistorian]

Mesoamerica was much more than Aztecs and Mayans ;) And today it still remains diverse! ;)

[@Vectronr]

Awesome! Love these videos.

[@AzureDragon100]

Lies! I distinctly remember the Aztecs showing up on the coast of France in 1238 and stealing whatever wasn't nailed down!

[@Belfalas991]

Probably in the real world the DLC Sunset Invasion was turned off

[@Siegbert85]

lol

[@bapo224]

(Crusader kings 2 reference, for the people who were confused by this comment)

[@turinmormegil7715]

When you choose the Aztecs in Total War Medieval 2 DLC and decides to rock history

[@xenotypos]

@@turinmormegil7715 Is that really possible ? Fun. Not very realistic tho, the Aztecs would have fallen ill even harder in Europe, not even mentioning the technological gap and the demographical gap with Europe at the time.

[@omarramirez610]

Aunque este mapa es el mas completo que he encontrado en youtube, creo que aun faltan varias culturas, de todos modos te felicito porque no hay muchos de estos mapas que muestren el desarrollo de las culturas de mesoamerica

[@solis1171]

No tienes razón si falta mucho

[@franosusnjara8510]

please do more videos like this, it's so satisfying to watch

[@Dougy]

I have been waiting centuries for this.

[@fFighterjet9]

Thanks! Great Video!

[@eliasfrahat7074]

You work and style are really good

[@eliasfrahat7074]

Micahistory hi :)

[@tslwigs6556]

I like your channel

[@sockbot41]

I had to do an assignment of the Aztec migration myth. The Aztec referred to themselves as “Mexica” and originate from a place called “Aztlan” in southwest United States. When they migrated south into central Mexico, the natives spoke a language family called Nahuatl. In Nahuatl “-tec” means “people of.” So they Nahuatl called the Mexica “Aztecs,” the People of Aztlan. And they called the Aztecs’ city-state and surrounding territories “Mexihco.” The Nahuatl people’s were second-class citizens in Aztec society paying tribute to the Aztecs with the threat of violence. Some of the Nahuatl allies themselves with the conquistadors to annihilate the Aztecs how had oppressed them for years. Being a Nahuatl in the 16th century was tough shit. You either stayed loyal to your Aztec overlords or fought for a foreign army that spread plague and forced you to change your customs and ways of life to suit their religion. I’m amazed their language is still intact today.

[@ahmicqui9396]

That's so wrong though. It's like saying "slavic people were second-class citizens in the Czech Republic". Or "thai people were second class citizens in Siam"

[@spanishmapper671]

"Do not allow or allow the Indians to receive any harm to their persons or property, but order that they be well and fairly treated." -Elizabeth I of Spain. I also invite you to read the Burgos laws, made in 1512. -The Indians are free men and legitimate owners of their houses and their estates. -The Catholic Monarchs are lords of the Indians because of their evangelizing commitment. -Indians could be forced to work as long as the work was tolerable and the pay was fair, although payment in kind rather than money was permitted. Ordinance XVIII prohibits work, starting from the fourth month of pregnancy, in mines and farms and, in response to subsequent upbringing, the period is extended until the child is three years old. -The pregnant and later lactating woman would only be involved in household chores. It also exempts minors under fourteen years of age, of both sexes, from work, only engaging in tasks appropriate to their age. We didnt treat the indians badly but gave them privileges that they didnt have under the yoke of authoritarian empires like the Incans or Aztecs and constant wars.

[@gabrielzak.7942]

Great video

[@danochy5522]

Nice video! Where's your history of the world series gone though?

[@houstonwehaveaproblem4187]

Nobody expects the Spanish

[@houstonwehaveaproblem4187]

Inquisition

[@cuahtemoc7642]

@@houstonwehaveaproblem4187 The Chichimecs and Yaquis did :).

[@sumreensultana1860]

Nobody expects the Roman inquisition

[@harrisonshone7769]

3:59 - Mr. Stark I don't feel so good.

[@venturer9400]

This is actually a really sad story. I wonder what would happen if the native Americans lived there for another 500 years.

[@AztlanHistorian]

+ Venturer The natives are still here ;) there are around 10 million of them in Mexico and almost 7 million more in Guatemala and neighboring countries + Ismael Ábrego They already had invented the wheel, they just lacked efficient ways of using it. Also why would they need an alphabet? They already had syllabaries and other types of writing; alphabets are useful, but they are not necessarily a great improvement. Even today the most populated nations (and some of the most developed) don't use alphabetical writing ;)

[@richardwhite6062]

They would still be in civil revolts tearing down temples and rolling heads down pyramids inbetween. My wife is from mexico. She agrees.

[@xenotypos]

Well due to isolation, in the 1500s they were still stuck in the equivalent of antiquity in Eurasia+north africa. So probably, they would have evolved at a normal pace and could be in the middle of their middle ages today, with for example possibly new religions (more stable ones), more new domestic animals, some real metallurgy etc... Would dress differently too, probably a closer style to what was seen in India for example. That would actually make a very good setting for a story of fantasy.

[@gayvideos3808]

They do. The Nahua, Mixtec, Zapotec, Maya, etc are still there today

[@javierduenasjimenez7930]

@@AztlanHistorian You are right. You can see what they look like. They are even more than before the Spanish Empire.

[@Histodome]

nice job！

[@vulkanofnocturne]

Europeans are OP in this game #nerfEuros

[@cuahtemoc7642]

Yhea those deseases deserve a patch.

[@scintillam_dei]

@@cuahtemoc7642 None of the natives allied with the Spaniards had vacc1nation yet were perfectly healthy fighting with the Spanish leaders, which proves that vacc1nation is a scam, and smallpox is exceedingly overrated. Many in Tenochtitlán died from starvation due to the siege.

[@deybicocluso6]

I will contribute with some corrections: ●The Copan area of influency was a bit more to east and to the north. (Extending towar Cortes, Santa Barbara and copan departments in Honduras) ●The Lenca culture extended more to the north, it's ok, Lenca culture was located in est of Lempa river in El Salvador. But that is only one of three main parts in which Lenca culture is divided. We didn't watch the Cerquin and Care areas ( they were located in Intibuca, Lempira, La paz, South of Santa Barbara and probably west of Francisco Morazán, departments of Honduras) ● The suddent domain of spanish kingdom over El Salvador and Honduras is incorrect. It took more that a decade to take control of these areas. Thanks for sharing the video It gives a good perception of Mesoamerican history

[@candor871]

you're amazing

[@divine2962]

Dang, I look away for one second and I just see nothing but ‘New Spain’

[@ekmalsukarno2302]

A video on the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation, please.

[@Walht]

Made me go WOH!!!! Good vid

[@tommy-er6hh]

Kudos!

[@LuneTube]

Your use of graphics really brings home just what an impact the Spanish had.

[@Dougy]

RIP unique native languages.

[@Dougy]

^ I know there are still some that exist lol. My parents can both speak some sort of Mayan language fluently. The native languages are just getting smaller due to Spanish being a more useful language.

[@SxVaNm345]

I hope the ancestral languages of Indigenous cultures will live on. Diversity, and co-existence is what makes humanity beautiful. Many ancestral languages of Indigenous cultures have sadly been reduced, to obscure dialects :(

[@spramodh21]

They are around, but won't survive past a century or two most likely.

[@prigual2901]

hi. Spanish wrote down the native languages and ordered books to be written kzbin.info/www/bejne/npLHcoaHYrSpnKc

[@prigual2901]

hi, can you speak that mayan language ? you should practice it

[@connormurphy683]

Could you please do one of these for the Andean region, to show the predecessors of the Inca

[@guilhermeroyama8842]

Spain: "You kids like to play war? Very well, I will teach you war."

[@hellknightf1]

And then they lost, but funily enough the diseases they carried with them prevail, and the europeans that were already resistent to those diseases could survive and claim themselves victorious.

[@gerardsebastian7897]

@@hellknightf1 they lost but not at all, spanish never left América, they just changed nationality

[@hellknightf1]

@@gerardsebastian7897 what are you talking about?, read my comment again, i dont think you understood it

[@GreatKiskadee]

@@hellknightf1 The Spanish and Portuguese intermarried with indigenous people in the Americas (including the Caribbean), creating a hybrid race that is called "mestizo." The people referred to as "Americans' are in fact European colonists. The REAL Americans are in the process of taking their lands back.

[@mikaelortiz1739]

HKF1 Even Mexico, being independent in the mid XIX century , was mostly indigenous. A lot of indigenous people died but it wasn't a genocide

[@trollerjakthetrollinggod-e7761]

4:24 one thing is that New Spain hadn't conquered the Kingdom of Xécora yet, they stayed independent until the 1720s

[@willfakaroni5808]

That’s really cool! Is there a place I could read more about it from?

[@Sim4oo]

The duration of the Maya civilization is literally impressive.The only people I can think about that lasted for so long were the Romans.

[@xenotypos]

It wasn't an empire, more like a culture/civilisation. Many civilisations lasted longer. The Roman empire longevity is only impressive because it was a united entity (an empire).

[@AztlanHistorian]

Indeed, although to be fair he said "civilization" not "empire" :) and you're right there were (and are) many long-lived civilizations and cultures like China or Ancient Egypt. Also fun fact, the Maya culture (although heavily Hispanicized) is still technically around today

[@ducklordthegreat352]

Simeon Dimchev They weren’t an empire. Many other civilizations lasted for much much longer, such as China, Egypt, Western civilization, etc.

[@scintillam_dei]

@@xenotypos The Bible foretold that ten Roman-based empires would conquer the world using steel. I did a video on that unrivalled prophetic power of God's Scriptures.

[@hoangkimviet8545]

Hmm. Most of the Mesoamerican civilisation couldn't develop into the big countries. They were so small :-0

[@SxVaNm345]

The harsh landscape, and various warring tribes/city-states made it difficult for an imperial class to develop.

[@DinaricWolf]

Not to mention that most of Mexico is either mountains, jungles or desert which made it difficult to move around in.

[@eyuin5716]

Boromir Actually the Llama was an Andean thing, not a Mesoamerican thing.

[@socialminds9894]

The terrain of the environment along with a lack of a substantial pack animal to help with manual labour did infringe on their ability to conquest quite a bit. Their value system was also very different from other places of the world. Due to many cults in the region practicing human sacrifice they killed many of their own people not allowing populations in one area to really boom out of control as well as not necessarily seeking to destroy their enemies but rather just defeat them during wars and capture people in order to bring back to their home cities and sacrifice them there.

[@AztlanHistorian]

Indeed. Mesoamerica was a quite fragmented region in regards to its political landscape, but it was closely connected by trade and migrations

[@Cama_Zotz]

How was this map made? Was there a certain app or software? Just curious.

[@eyuin5716]

Finally!

[@ILCORVO78]

Please do Ancient South America too!

[@Alexkiszl]

Ollie Bye: No!

[@KuramiRocket]

I have a question. Do the people today in Oaxca, Mexico who speak Zapotec originally come from the Zapotec Civilization? I was wondering because my mom's native tounge seems to be Zapotec or Zapoteco, as she calls it. She was born in Oaxca in a town called Santa Maria Tavehua. She also told me how when she was a little girl, the neighboring towns each had their own language and traditions, but they stil more or less managed to communicate somehow.

[@carlos131195]

Yes, the people of Oaxaca speaks zapotecs or mixtecs in the different regions of the state, but is some different in every regions (Sierra, Istmo, Costa, Valles).

[@mexicamapping6587]

YES same people but difrent time in fact most Mexicans today are descendants of these civilizations some still speak their native language while others have unfortunately lost connection whit their heritage do to colonialism

[@spanishmapper671]

​@@mexicamapping6587Colonialism? Sure blame spain all you want, but we protected your native cultures and languages. This is why many native kanguages still exist and the reason of other languages to dissapear was because of involuntary illnesses brought by europeans or by the governments that took place after the "liberation" of mexico from Spain which massacred the natives. Take as an example the Castas war on which Mexico helped Yucatec creole separatist to kill the local mayan tribes, and that is only one of the thousands of genocides perpetrated by the so called "post-colonial" governments in hispanoamerica.

[@bvthebalkananarchistmapper5642]

The first music in this... It's the same as the last music in episode 3 of the Diadochi Wars documentary series by Kings & Generals.

[@Cameron-uu6bs]

Made quick work of those fellows!

[@julianmartinez7127]

Well, Tzintzuntzan was the capital city of the Purépechas (I dont know the name in english), the aztecs #1 enemy before spaniards so I guess that one should be colored as well

[@AztlanHistorian]

I agree with the different color proposal ;) But I think the greatest enemy of the Aztecs was Tlaxcallan, after all the Purepecha weren't that invested in the destruction of the Aztec Triple Alliance.

[@AdamAdam-yx2zh]

Aztecs have same attitude like sumerian and akadian from middele east

[@TheGeneral1292]

Long ago, the mesoamerican nations lived together in (dis)harmony. Then, everything changed when the Spanish Empire attacked...

[@xHenry3110]

Actually I think they were all attacking each other and the stronger name ions would enslave and probably sacrifice the weaker...

[@xHenry3110]

+xHenry3110 *nations

[@joperamod5760]

Did the avatar fail?

[@spanishmapper671]

Long ago, the viceroyalties lived together in harmony. Then, everything changed when Simon Bolivar attacked...

[@scintillam_dei]

@@spanishmapper671 Bolívar was a disgusting tool of the English. He made all Latin Americans weak by dividing us, and spreading the poison of liberalism and dumbocracy even though he was a dictator. Me cago en su nombre ese traidor.

[@napolenin]

Mesoamerican civilizations:what the hell country that is? Spain:Im the country who have guns Mesoamerican civilizations:oh hell fu**

[@xenotypos]

Don't think guns helped that much though. Many different factors helped the invasion.

[@AztlanHistorian]

Especially diseases and local rivalries. Don't forget that the majority of Cortes' troops were of Tlaxcallan origin

[@pez4]

The spanish basically lead a rebellion against the aztecs, most of the fighting force that conquered Mexico was native

[@jorgealbertobelmontguadarr3563]

Spanish brought illnes, guns of fire, horses, christianism and also the help of Tlaxcaltecs

[@pete2389]

u mean horses, steel, and small pox

[@michaelb299]

Thank your for this video. One question though, aren't the Maya Lowlands supposed to form the League of Mayapan instead of the "highlands" ? I think highlands reffered to the south, mountainous part, while the "lowlands" refferred to the flat northern part

[@AztlanHistorian]

You're right, it was apparently a confusion at the moment of making the map. Glad you enjoyed the video!

[@michaelb299]

Okay, thanks. I did, thanks again for your excellent work, especially when focused on so poorly known and hardly documented areas. Precolombian american empires have quite an interesting story/society/religion, which yet remain mostly unknown to most of us.

[@AztlanHistorian]

Indeed. I collaborated with Ollie on this video because I thought this was a great chance to present the history of these civilizations to a larger audience, something I've been wanting to do for a really long time ;) and I really enjoyed working on it :)

[@gayvideos3808]

Yes I think so. Today the K'iche', Kaqchikel, Mam, Poqomam, Ch'orti', etc territories are referred to as the guatemalan highlands

[@huntersterling8623]

Ollie Bye These kinds of videos are rendering encyclopedias obsolete.

[@user-bw9jo2iz5s]

POKEDEX

[@rag0t2010]

do one of North Africa! Please!

[@romanhuczok1474]

Tlaxcala had significant autonomy within Nueva España. Also, where are Nueva Galicia and Nueva Vizcaya?

[@oldaccount8428]

This video dosent have any historical errors? I whant to know if all is true.

[@socialminds9894]

Did the Zapotec become a sort of client state to the Mixtec? How did they stay independent for so long despite diminished territory?

[@AztlanHistorian]

Well, the Zapotec were able to escape Mixtec domination because of the constant wars between the Mixtec kingdoms and city-states, and also because they were able to expand themselves to the south and sustain themselves with a profitable trade network ;)

[@socialminds9894]

Aztlan Historian Thank you for the response it was very informative. What of the Zapotec relationship to the Aztec. From what Ollie showed it looks like the Aztecs left the Zapotec alone but attacked the Mixtec instead. I find this strange because the Aztecs looked like they took over the southern trading partners of the Mixtec and had dominant control of the region as opposed to the Toltec before them. Could it be that the Aztecs were just waiting to finish of the Mixtecs first before looking towards conquering the Zapotecs?

[@AztlanHistorian]

+Social Minds I always like talking about History so it's my pleasure to answer your questions ;) I have to say something, on this map Ollie omitted a kingdom, the Zapotec kingdom of Zaachila. Also he misidentified the Cuicatec kingdom of Teotitlan for a Zapotec state. I'm sure he did this due to time constraints, but as you pointed it looks weird for someone who knows about prehispanic Oaxaca. What happened with the Zapotecs is that they managed to retain their independence from the Mixtec kingdoms, although some Zapotec city-states were conquered during the expansion of the Mixtec kingdom of Yucu Dzaa. When Yucu Dzaa began to decay the ruler of the Zapotec city-state of Zaachila began its own expansion in the isthmus of Tehuantepec and established an important kingdom in the region, but it eventually was raided by the Aztecs in the 1480's. The king of Zaachila, Cocijoeza moved it capital to Guiengola and resisted the Aztecs. After years of war, the Aztec emperor Ahuizotl agreed to a truce, and sealed an alliance with Cocijoeza by letting him marry princess Xilabela (Ahuizotl's sister). With this Zaachila became an Aztec client state, and it survived the fall of Tenochtitlan; but eventually the Spaniards made Zaachila their vassal in 1526, and formally abolished the kingdom in 1562, when Cosijopii, the last king of Zaachila, died in prison.

[@socialminds9894]

Yes it seemed strange from the way Ollie presented it. I read about some Mesoamerican history nothing too deep but from what I do remember is the the Oaxaca region was very hilly and mountainous and helped to protect it from outsiders but it was also dependent on trade and was very good at metallurgy. This is all very interesting so thank you for awnsering my questions. Do you know any good documentaries or books about Mesoamerican history? I really like reading about the civilizations in the Western Hemisphere's before European colonization came.

[@AztlanHistorian]

I recommend the works of Miguel León Portilla. He's a great Mexican historian and anthropologist. The thing is that I don't know if his works have been translated. How is your Spanish?

[@123TeeMee]

4:14 Aztecs: I don't feel so good

[@turinmormegil7715]

Let me get this straight: you considered the theories that Tikal was conquered by Teotihuacan and Chichen Itza by the Toltecs? That's why they went orange for a moment there, right?

[@eyuin5716]

I'm curious. How come some states aren't named?

[@adelaalomerovic1620]

I believe it is because they're too small so the name wouldn't fit.

[@eyuin5716]

No, many of them are certainly big enough to have names.

[@AztlanHistorian]

In some cases the name was really long and it wouldn't fit. In others I believe it was due the fact that they were really small states with very little influence over the region (ie. Yucu Chatuta, Curinguaro or Tzompanco)

[@thubuntu]

Whats about the independences?

[@sabre7212]

My ancestors are from Tzintzuntzan!

[@le3686]

pelase do one about south america the caral civilization is older than the olmecs

[@yaboij8964]

Most sources say that the Mixtecs came at 1100ce

[@napolenin]

I love maya

[@helliswar]

Please do history of the morocxan empire and andalus --'

[@adge5182]

Al Andalus is not morrocan history, it's Spanish and Portuguese history.

[@tslwigs6556]

Make History of Srilanka Phese

[@spramodh21]

It is already mostly included in the New History of India video. It is not detailed enough though, true.

[@DMurphyApple]

Great vid! Can somebody give me a quick reasoning-if possible and existing- why mayaculture left the lowerlands and returned later?

[@AztlanHistorian]

The Maya people never abandoned the lowlands, they abandoned the cities in the lowlands and reverted to a more village-based organization. Keeping an urban lifestyle was difficult at the time so they went back to being subsistence farmers. and it would take years for them to retake a urban development as they had to rebuild trade relations and political institutions, but they eventually did; but this time with a bit of foreign influence (Toltec to be more precise) ;)

[@DMurphyApple]

Aztlan Historian thanks! Why was that? Famine? Sound a lot like the early north egypt

[@AztlanHistorian]

Well, there's still no consensus about what caused the Classic Maya collapse. Some argue that it was famine due soil exhaustion, other argue about massive droughts or even epidemics (more specifically Chagas disease), but the debate is still open; although I have to say that indeed that kind of reminds me of early Egypt

[@DMurphyApple]

Aztlan Historian thanks alot for all the information, will you be putting up videos yourself?

[@AztlanHistorian]

I hope so, but I still have to get many things done here; although be sure that if I ever get the chance I'll put up my own videos about Mesoamerica ;) But meanwhile you may want to see my maps here: aztlanhistorian.deviantart.com/gallery/65659173/Real-History-Mesoamerica-before-the-Aztecs

[@fireburst1760]

I've watched this video so many times lol because I'm making a board game about mesoamerica.

[@Qingep]

Aztecs: We will rule North America Spain: Oh hell nah *Mexico was formed* Mexico: Hi

[@user-yp1ju2tm9g]

Taakil aalak'o'obo'aalak'o'obo'aalak'o'obo'aalansajo'aalak'ta'ak

[@dtheundertale3799]

I did not know, that the Aztec empire was that short living compared to Mayas.

[@mexicamapping6587]

Because the Aztec Empire was a single people and society were the maya were multiple city states and kingdoms each whit their own ruler and laws they would trade and battle each other

[@ziljin]

Oh the Mayan empire lasted the longest. Cool.

[@AztlanHistorian]

There was no such thing as a Mayan Empire ;) The Maya were organized in many independent kingdoms and city-states, much like the Greeks

[@ziljin]

Aztlan Historian right. I should have wrote civiilzation instead.

[@ziljin]

Aztlan Historian if you are still there. Since your a historian. Do you know how kingdoms/city states would go about managing their territory and securing their borders? I assume most of the territory is not occupied with cities but probably some dense cities with some remote villages. How would people know what's going on in their kingdom, like how much taxes they need to pay, and how would the king collect it? Or if invading forces entered the border?

[@AztlanHistorian]

I have to be honest, I'm an amateur historian, although I make sure I base my arguments in the latest historic research available ;) after all regardless of my exact title, I'm still a scholar. Now, as for your question, the exact way in which the Mesoamerican kingdoms managed their political and administrative issues is pretty interesting. Most of the Mesoamerican polities managed themselves as autonomous communities (known as "cah" among the Maya, as "ñuu" among the Mixtecs and "altepetl" among the Nahua). Those comunnties organized themselves under chiefs or councils depending of the culture of their inhabitants and often organized themselves in bigger entities like federations, empires or republics. Most of those entities were formed as political and military alliances but other were formed by powerful city-states and their tributaries (also referred as provinces). Taxes were a serious issue. Mostly the governments taxed their subject communities in pretty specific ways that addressed both the economic potential of the communities and their loyalty to the central authority. For example, the Aztecs often used taxes or tributes to punish former rebel communities by making them pay for their dues with incredibly rare tributes like quetzal feathers. As for communications, many Mesoamerican states invested a lot of resources in building roads, so travelers and messengers could run as efficiently as possible to connect the realms with their metropolis, and of course to facilite trade, which was made by large caravans of carrier workers known as "tameme" among the Nahua, or by water using fleets of canoes along the coast (as the Yucatec Maya states did). Also the Mesoamerican states used written messages to transmit both official records by local authorities to the capital as well as secret reports by spies in faraway lands. In regards to border security and invasions, some states like the Purepecha Empire (also known as kingdom of Tzintzuntzan) and the Aztec Empire built fortresses along their borders with hostile states and tribes; but most of the border security actually relied upon treaties and diplomacy with neighboring states. This mostly because wars in Mesoamerica were fought among huge infantry armies (some as large as 400,000 men), without any real advantage other than numbers or the sheer skill of the warriors; so given that wars really endangered labor, the rulers prefered diplomatic solutions or even economic compensations. I hope my answers are useful for you ;)

[@ziljin]

Aztlan Historian thanks a lot. Very informative it is just a morbid curiosity of mine to understand how things work. I like reaidng about empires and kingdoms and how they work. Whether historical or fictional.

[@improvise9840]

Is the mesoamerican "x" pronounced as the English "h", "s", "x", or "z"?

[@AztlanHistorian]

Depending on the context or the word, it can be pronounced as the English "x", "sh" or "h"

[@improvise9840]

Aztlan Historian Ah. Okay. Thanks.

[@story_of_the_year_fan]

The Mayans held out a lot longer than the Aztecs did.

[@marcelooliva5976]

4:16

[@AT-js7hg]

Crazy how I most likely have Mesoamerican ancestors form this time

[@NCXitlali]

OMG! You COMPLETELY FORGOT ABOUT CUZCATLAN!!!! :(

[@parasatkasym5841]

Я забыл где я это видел, но майя оставили каменный рисунок. На нем изображен человек на космическом корабле в состоянии невесомости. Возможно майя нарисовали кое-что другое и это самовнушение, но если они действительно изобразили космонавта, как они предсказали то что произойдет через 1000 ЛЕТ???

[@qus.9617]

Don't mind me. Just patiently waiting for the Aztecs to come kicking ass and taking names. And.... it's gone.

[@lupettoversilia]

#MailRoyalCaneStaBene ?

[@lupettoversilia]

#Zapotec are small

[@cloroxbleach9222]

im guessing mesoamerica means "between two americas"

[@GreatBroly]

Wow. The ending is so disturbing

[@Melanin_Move]

Wow these names look mighty familiar. But I won’t go there. One day... Do you all not see these names???? I know lots of them and I’m shocked. No wonder!!!!

[@bapo224]

Poor Aztecs didn't get much of a chance to grow before Europe swooped in :c

[@scintillam_dei]

Killing "poor" Aztecs who were rich by plunder was as justified as killing Nazis.

[@theproroblox9103]

mi mexico :D

[@vivelarevolution9362]

That's the true Mexico!

[@m.g949]

No

[@ferjose01]

"Maya Civilization" the most advanced civilization in Mesoamerica ❤

[@emmanueleliseovalverde4930]

Please,a video of mexican hispanish and actual México 🇲🇽