The History of Red Algae

Imagine that you aren’t watching the microcosmos right now. Instead you’re living in the world as it existed around one billion years ago, and you are the ancestor of this red algae.
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Journey to the Microcosmos is a Complexly production.
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Stock video from:
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SOURCES:
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/a...
www.nature.com/articles/s4146...
ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/rh...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.nature.com/articles/s4146...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26986...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/a...
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
www.usgs.gov/media/images/ph-...
www.cell.com/trends/genetics/...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26986...

[@naota3k]

It absolutely destroyed my brain when I learned that Kelps are not plants, animals, or fungi, but have convergent-ly evolved photosynthesis with plants and mostly just share an appearance. wtf

[@rakinkazi9780]

Same here!

[@randompheidoleminor3011]

Wait till you realise some of them are just one big cell. They make it possible by having multiple nuclei in the single cell, each one maintaining the small patch of cell around it.

[@nekomimicatears]

I learned this recently and my brain pretty much exploded

[@CorbiniteVids]

In the same branch of life as the plant disease that causes sudden oak death

[@fabianthegreat10]

​@@randompheidoleminor3011yeah life is wild

[@mafarmerga]

Yay Archaeplastida ('ancient' 'plastids') !!! I actually helped to come up with that name. Nice to see it adopted in textbooks and by you. One small comment, I now exclusively use the term cilium (pl. cilia) to refer to the eukarytotic organelle so that folks do not confuse this organelle with the 'flagella' of bacteria which are completely different.

[@ContinentTurtle]

Sure you did

[@alexwhite6554]

​@@ContinentTurtlethis person could be legit, could be.

[@mafarmerga]

@@alexwhite6554 The word "Archaeplastida" first appeared in this publication on which I am a co-author J Eukaryot Microbiol 2005 Sep-Oct;52(5):399-451. The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists.

[@melaniabladeofmiquella]

​@ContinentTurtle what do you know about anything, child

[@jtktomb8598]

Fantastic !@@mafarmerga

[@Conus426]

Man, journey to the microcosmos is like one of the best things. Of all the things.

[@EdoDave]

"Nature's boundaries are porous and, and its identities are multi-faceted." The instant I get an opportunity to say this in a conversation I'm gonna say it.

[@10010Linus]

These are so soothing, i love these videos

[@Autrone]

Please do more videos on protists! I love them! Maybe a specific video on dinoflagellates? The way they light up the seas is fascinating in its own right!

[@Ahamkeira]

You're about to lose a quarter of your genes" *hard go to still image of red algae and logo* lmao why was that so funny

[@dogzer]

This channel is underrated imo 🥺

[@Yezpahr]

And as a result of that it's going to close its doors. 😢 We must show more appreciation to the channels that remain or one day they are gone.

[@asinglebraincell6584]

Red algae is so cool and fascinating. there are so many interesting types of life on this planet 😮

[@sava-smth]

Delete Your Art™ but it's genes

[@alexwhite6554]

I don't get the reference

[@sylvesterlawson5383]

Drawfee fan spotted

[@just__ryan_]

Drawfee fans FTW!

[@ollieroo3334]

D R A W F

[@darkember_im.fictional]

Drawfee reference

[@udoberend5178]

What a quality video again! One of the best voices on the web today, keep creating Hank! ;-))

[@georgetheodoropoulos7565]

Great video! I love how it presents in simple words some of the most amazing features of microcosmic life (horizontal gene transfer, endosymbiosis)!! Keep up the perfect work!!

[@Badficwriter]

i can't wait until horizontal gene sharing is used to explain a chimerical shapeshifting monster like John Carpenter's The Thing.

[@madamsloth]

Great video. I am surprised by how much we know and yet there is still more that is not understood. Wish i had paid more attention to how to become a scientist when i was younger, i want to be paid to learn new stuff 😅😂

[@MicroSaner]

Great video as always! You inspired me to start on youtube! :D

[@FullOfFallaciesVideo]

Every time I've watched this channel, I've always told myself, "The narrator sounds EXACTLY like one of the Green Brothers' " --- and I've been watching this channel for a good while now, yet today -- just now -- was the first time I actually took the time to look (it's right in the description, DUH!"...! Yup... It's Hank Green... No idea why I never checked before -- guess it wasn't really that important to me (or perhaps I didn't want to ruin the mystery if it was NOT him), but I just enjoyed the videos, so that is what was really the important thing... 😁

[@matiassu5604]

I think it's because he's speaking softer here than in other shows he hosts.

[@FullOfFallaciesVideo]

@@matiassu5604 That's it... That's it exactly... Good call...

[@Hydrosized]

I can’t imagine when you are talking Hank!

[@tiffanymarie9750]

If there's a niche that can be filled, life will eventually uh find a way.

[@anaritamartinho1340]

Cool😲 horizontal transfer

[@ZentaBon]

i lost all my genes yesterday 😢 now I am on a mission to learn how it happens so I can undo it. Thanks Hank! You are helping my journey to regain my genes 🧬

[@DataSoong101]

I watched this the second I woke up, which led to me not gaining any information from it and instead just staring at all the pretty pictures.

[@MrPooPooJohn]

I’ve been trying to find my lost jeans (and at least 30 socks) for years! If I see someone wearing a pair that’s to my liking, I wonder if I can use endosymbiosis to absorb _their_ jeans… 👖 And upon doing so would I gain an extra pair of flagellum or just the jeans incasing them?🦵🦵 🤔 But if I do absorbed their flagellum I’d have an extra set but only one pair of jeans! Would I need to fine another human organism to absorb? But then I’d have 3 sets of flagellum and only 2 pairs of jeans!!! 🤯 Science be damned!!! 😫

[@ajchapeliere]

It's wild that complex life basically arose from the cellular "get in, loser. We're going on a trip through deep time" The world is friggin amazing

[@MsAwesomeify]

it's crazy how good these videos are to sleep to

[@GrandDukeMushroom]

Alugagega!

[@BBMAKHOLONGJOSHUA]

new video! :D

[@GeoffryGifari]

Hmmm... do we know the mechanism by which organisms can lose genes over time? Is there something like a metabolic cost of maintaining a long genome?

[@Im-Not-a-Dog]

Thats a very good question. A reduced genome could make producing gamates less costly because of their reduced genetic information. But thats just my best guess.

[@janetchennault4385]

I am not certain if the cost is just in maintaining the genome. It could be in producing the products that are not needed. How much does it 'cost' an ostrich to produce tiny wings with which it does not fly? If the algae had gene-products that were intended to meet the environment of 2B years ago, but which were useless since that time, then getting rid of them was metabolically cost-saving. Also, one wonders to what degree a genome can be 'stripped down' - actual garbage removed from it - and if that would change the resulting organism at all.

[@lunkel8108]

​@@janetchennault4385Regarding your last question, you should check out the 2016 paper "design and synthesis of a minimal bacterial genome" by Hutchison et al. They managed to cut the genome of a bacterium almost in half. The paper is behind a paywall but you can easily get around that by using sci-hub.

[@GeoffryGifari]

@@janetchennault4385 Hmmm... it does make sense. Thinking about it further though, that tiny ostrich wings are the product of the expression of genes. Would evolving shorter and shorter genes be preferable than just turning off the expression of "useless" genes?

[@ArawnOfAnnwn]

@@GeoffryGifari Mutation. If a gene mutates, but the organism doesn't lose out for it cos that gene is now unnecessary, or even actively detrimental by way of coding for something that uses energy but produces no fitness advantage, then that gene will steadily be lost over time. Genes are always changing, the issue is whether there's any force to push a certain change back by way of natural selection. If you're not using something, you'll eventually lose it just to natural drift.

[@glnga]

If it were my socks they'd be gone next time I do laundry.

[@AmitSinghXII]

Wow 😲

[@rexmundi2986]

It doesn't take millions of years to lose your jeans; one night of heavy drinking is plenty.

[@bobpieczarka4357]

Sharing is caring

[@michaelobrien5891]

I miss your guys' original intro beat. I think it would have been perfect with the intro on this video where you cut straight to the music after your climactic and intrigue inciting whip-snap of an end note to your intro. That's probably a weird description but I haven't figured out what writers and speakers call that type of speech structure.

[@joshuakarr-BibleMan]

Do you allow links? Oneminmicro has a video of tardigrade eggs hatching. I'll post a link in the reply to this.

[@sarielle85]

"Living in acid rain" sounds much worse than "living in pear juice", which also has a ph of around 4.

[@potatorurik7536]

How did we figure out Red Algae lost 25% of their genome twice tho? And how do we know that the first loss was a loss of Cillia? Is it just by comparing it to other Algae?

[@peterbernhardt5169]

Good work. Without flagella the sperm cells of red algae lack tails and move in water currents. Red algae with female structures take basket or cup-like forms straining the water for sperm to combine with exposed eggs.

[@napoleonfeanor]

Would be interesting to take genes from other lifeforms

[@stefansauvageonwhat-a-twis1369]

Well I'd be alright with losing a quarter, it just means I end up with 3 quarter length jeans

[@matiassu5604]

If you lose more than half they turn into denim shorts.

[@Bluecho4]

Me, beginning of the video: "Oh no, the Genestealers got to the Red Algae!" Me, end of the video: "HOLY S///, RED ALGAE *ARE* THE GENESTEALERS!"

[@GriffVibrantle-yh3ye]

Yeahehehea algae now we're talkin

[@rutufn0596]

As always it's fascinating, informative and rare. But i like the fact that there's still mysteries, please don't dig too deep ! 😜

[@lloydmckay3241]

Could it be that other primates added genes to the base model of humans?

[@rickyspanish6261]

Just retrace your steps and you'll find em, relax!

[@trvst5938]

I think Assembly theory would explain this. 🤔

[@evilsharkey8954]

Just a little nit to pick: battery acid actually doesn’t have that low of a pH. Stomach acid, or hydrochloric acid, has a pH of 0. Sulfuric acid is only nastier because it is also hygroscopic, or water seeking. It steals water from organic molecules like the ones that make up human flesh.

[@thomasbigert6207]

Gave up. Hard to hear. Way to high background sound.

[@ConnorHay]

Anyone else see the image at about 2:04 and think it was an artsy flag of Sierra Leone?

[@DaHuuudge]

Basically, they’re the Zerg. 😨

[@rocketman475]

It sounds like cow bells on acid !

[@gaeshows1938]

Is phile a bad word?

[@stevengill1736]

Prokaryotes....nummy!

[@tomholroyd7519]

billions with a b

[@stax6092]

I know I lose my GENES because I don't wear Pants.

[@matthewtopping2061]

How does a microbe consume another microbe, and, instead of digesting it, convert it into an organelle? That's not something that happens in the modern world. It's like something out of the Bible. Is there another viable theory for the evolution of ancient microbes?

[@user-nh6qi2zu1b]

just like what disny did to pixar or mincrosoft to the mojang...it actually happen all the time.

[@1.4142]

Basically they copied the bacteria's homework.

[@DieFlabbergast]

What the heck are you doing playing music in the -background- FOREGROUND of your narration?? To say that this makes the narration difficult to hear would be an understatement.

[@hareKrishnaharekrishna448]

hare krsishna hare ram

[@babygorilla4233]

Eeeh do I need 100% of my DNA? I bet theres artifacts and gunk in there like old film spots but leftover for millennia. I definitely dont need the apendix or tailbone lines of code.

[@comment8767]

music does not help

[@nyuh]

they didnt lose their genes they just wear gorts now

[@servusferox3212]

audio could use some balancing, voice is pretty low compared to music

[@SnakeBush]

no

[@CloudSpirals]

🤏👀

[@benrodir2]

1

[@KartikPatel-nt4ff]

😅😅😅😅😅😅😅well ingormeti0n.Good show more 😅😅😅

[@black2aboriginaltv190]

I love the microscopic content, what I hate is the dogmatic stuff that you Incorporated in your videos which is no more than religion, as if you are a polytheistic pagan.

[@particleboy7757]

What examples are you referring to?

[@qcsupport2594]

well intended feedback: the percussion is absolutely killing me. Please go back to the kind of music you started out with.

[@Alondro77]

Bah, genes are overrated. I prefer slacks for comfort fit. *rimshot!* 🙄

[@egordonmills1]

Horrible photos of red algae. Try again with some clean of extraneous algae and better in focus. There are so many gorgeous species to photograph but I don't see them here.

[@user-ik6op4os3y]

any chance you can show some day NERVES? ALL COMPONENTS